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Although there is a wealth of information on the emission of gas and explosions due to methane-air and/or coal dust in mines underground, the underlying threats on the surface from the explosive energy transmitted through the mine entrances have been largely overlooked. These hazards have the potential to cause injuries and loss of life. Additionally, they can lead to severe damage to the surface infrastructure surrounding the mine entrance. This study aims to establish the relationship between characteristics of blast waves emanating from the mine entries for different magnitudes of explosion...

A critical challenge of any blast simulation facility is in producing the widest possible pressure-impulse range for matching against equivalent high-explosive events. Shock tubes and blast simulators are often constrained with the lack of effective ways to control blast wave profiles and as a result have a limited performance range. Some wave shaping techniques employed in some facilities are reviewed but often necessitate extensive geometric modifications, inadvertently cause flow anomalies, and/or are only applicable under very specific configurations. This paper investigates controlled ven...

The risk of explosions in coal mines is an important subject that requires a comprehensive understanding of explosion dynamics, mining operations, and mining safety. A high level of knowledge is now available in the field of gas emissions, gas, and coal dust explosions in underground mines. However, not sufficient attention has been given to the potential risks associated with explosive forces expelled through the mine opening and resulting in injuries and fatalities to personnel (underground and at the mine portal) and catastrophic infrastructure damage in proximity to the mine opening on the...

The current state of blast resistant design methods is largely reliant on empirical observations of field explosive testing or numerical simulations. While both methods are undoubtedly vital and necessary, they both have inherent limitations. Field trials for performing systematic experimental studies are exceedingly expensive, produce inconsistent results, and are slow in the rate of testing. Conventional blast simulators (shock tubes) enable blast testing to be performed in a safe and controlled laboratory environment but usually do not correctly replicate free-field blast conditions which c...