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It could be that all the way to people have severe breakthrough infections. they are going to need to break down that data that how long does the booster effect last? we don't know. is this goingsomething we are g to do every six months? or is it booster and then we are sort of set for a while? we will have to see what they say about that. and finally, how much do boosters really reduce transmission? i find this so interesting, don. we often look to israel, right, because they are -- they are a little bit ahead of us in terms of vaccines. they got about 64% of the country vaccinated. they have...

Degradation of the efficacy of the vaccine, more so than younger people. how long does the booster effect last? that's a big one. are we basically just fortifying the wall really strong for a period of time and then it's going to wane regardless? that's going to be something i think the committee's going to sort of look at. and then finally, how much do they really reduce transmission? you know, we're talking about breakthrough cases. is that really the right metric to be measuring in terms of deciding whether or not to boost? and the answer to that last question will help dictate that. >> so ...

They are surprised that their test comes back positive, to somebody who has significant symptoms. so who are the majority of people with these breakthrough infections? how old are they, what are their pre-existing conditions? that might given a idea of the best population of people to boost if not the general population. how long does the booster effect last? another big question. does it just give you a lot of protection really for a short period of time but then the antibodies wane? that is an important question to answer. and finally how much do boosters really reduce transmission. keep in ...

Two senior vaccine scientists at fda basically said they were going to leave. we subsequently found out it was over this issue of boosters. so i think what's going to happen is there will be four wig questions that are going to have to be addressed there. we sort of lay them out here. how much is immunity really waning? pfizer says the immunity wanes about 6% every two months but stays steady for severe illness. how severe are the breakthrough infections? i think this is a big one. you could have a totally asymptomatic break think infection. i came back positive? i'm surprised. it could be tha...

Good idea of how they're going to go ahead of time. i'm not so sure on this one. there is strong feelings on both sides either to boost or not to boost. let me lay out the four big questions i think they will be dealing with. keep in mind, jim, this is an advisory committee meeting, so they want to look at basically is immunity waning? are people who are vaccinated longer ago, do they have less immunity than those vaccinated more recently. people may test positive, but how symptomatic are they? how long does the booster effect last? is it just something that gives you a lot of extra protection...