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Pope. they could not reach the two-third majority. the conclave goes on for a full two years. >> without the pope, rome was a mess. >> robbery gains wanted to minate the city without the pope functioning as a saort of local king. >> no end to the conclave insight, it looks as though the resignation of one teenage pope may have unravelled st. peters' legacy for good. we do whatever it takes to fight cancer. these are the specialists we're proud to call our own. experts from all over the world, working closely together to deliver truly personalized cancer care. expert medicine works here.

>> rather than being a landscape where the pope could actually act as an independent power and make alliances with anyone he who he is. she w chose. >> he was clearly under the control of one king. that's what warped the pavacy. >> how manhattan is going to be the capital of the united states. >> for the first time of the invention of the conclave, the one that's true power over the church is not the one chosen by god. but a power hungry monarch instead. >> it is a dream of all great rulers to control. >> phillips actually got pavacy into france. once you have done that, the pope can become a ...

As to who's in charge, was it the king or was it the pope? >> so much of the maneuvering and back and forth and jousting that goes on has to do with the fact that it was in italy. italy is not a country yet. italy is basically up for grabs. the normans grabbed part of it and the franks grabbed apart of it. italy is always contested. if you are going to control any part of italy, you have toll get t the pope on your side. >> you want to raise an army, you need the pope's blessing. >> because of the volatile nature of medieval politics, -- >> the pope did not have an army. he did not have anythi...

Again. >> benedict was pope three times in the end. after benedict's reign sends the church into a tail spin. all this becomes a real problem for the church and you got to sort it out. >> july of 1048, benedict ix is ousted once and for all. the cardinals decide the fairest way to consolidate the power is ignore sylvester's claim to the flow. cle throne. clear the deck and elect a new pope. >> there was no clear way of choosing a pope. >> it was an answer frequently murdered. bribery. also, relationships. the sons of pope sometimes became popes, choosing a pope is

Voted for whom. that's what generate generates . >> cardinals added to the burning ballot to create the black smoke signifying that no pope has been chosen. the white smoke that hails a new pope was made by burning the paper alone. today chemical poucompounds are added to the ballot to color the smoke. modern conclave usually only lasts for a few days. but in the 13th century, they could go on for months. >> in the 13th century, briberies would be involved. people were stone walling or philly bu filibustering. in 1292, cardinals elected a new