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Maintaining the mechanical properties and long-term operational safety is considered the main challenge for composite materials under cyclic loading. This work presents mechanical performance of tri-component composites based on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), carbon fibres (CFs) and epoxy resin, and their electrical conductance property for applications like strain gauges. As a result of incorporation of MWCNTs into the epoxy resin in the composite’s morphology, their electrical, mechanical and piezoresistive performance can indicate the self-sensing of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix (CF/Epoxy matrix) composites; and thus its influence has been systematically examined. The inclusion of multiwall carbon nanotubes increased the resin bonding to the surface of the CF’s leading to an increased electrical conductivity and mechanical performances. The piezoresistive performance was significantly influenced by the amount of MWCNTs added to the resin, where the Gauge Fact ....
Mechanical behaviour of a rock mass is significantly affected by the occurrence of inherent discontinuities (such as joints, fractures, bedding planes, etc.), therefore comprehensive knowledge of the effect of such discontinuities is necessary for the safe and economic design of geo-structures in or on a rock mass. Generally, the typical shear behaviour of a rock joint has been investigated under monotonic loading conditions, ignoring the fact that most of the time the structures embedded in a rock mass are subjected to cyclic loads, and it is likely that such structures fail to sustain the induced stresses from these cyclic loads (e.g., freight or passenger trains, seismic events or mining operations) because all the current standards for designing structures are based on analyses conducted under static loading conditions. The aim of this research was to experimentally investigate the effect of cyclic loading on the shear behaviour of natural rough rock joints under triaxial loading c ....
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the use of rubber aggregates derived from waste tyres in order to improve track performance, and Rubber Intermixed Ballast System (RIBS) demonstrated some of the important geotechnical properties that reduce ballast deterioration by partially replacing ballast particles using rubber granules ranging from 9.5 to 19.5 mm. This paper focuses on evaluating the characteristics of RIBS subjected to cyclic loads by conducting large-scale triaxial tests for changing rubber contents (0–15% by weight) under confining pressures (30–60 kPa) and a loading frequency of 20 Hz following a monotonic conditioning phase. The results indicate that irreversible rearrangement of grain configurations was pronounced in RIBS with increased rubber at the conditioning phase leading to a reduction in particle deformation during the cyclic loading. It was also demonstrated that the increased rubber content in RIBS increases the energy absorption capacit ....
A new concept of critical shear strain ετcritical of rock joint under cyclic loading is presented, and the role of ετcritical in evaluating the sliding potential of rock joint is highlighted. A series of cyclic triaxial tests was conducted on a cylindrical rock joint specimen with a replicated rough surface representing a joint roughness coefficient JRC value of 12.6 oriented at 60° with respect to the horizontal plane. The experimental results indicate that the onset of instability of rock joint is suppressed with increase in confining pressure and number of loading cycles N until the normalized shear deformation increases beyond a threshold value of ετcritical. Generally, the critical strain of most rock types is considered in the proximity of 1% under small strain conditions [36–37], however, in this study, the critical strain concept is extended to the domain of rock joints, and a semi-empirical model to more rigorously quantify the critical shear strain (ετcritical) of ....