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Abstract For the first time, an osmotic microbial fuel cell (OsMFC) was employed for simultaneous hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] removal, organic contaminant removal, energy production, and water reclamation. In this system, draw solutions were prepared from 0 to 1 M NaCl mixed with 12 mg/L Cr(VI). Cr(VI) reduction and power generation at different pH were studied. In terms of power generation, the results revealed that the highest power density of 6.6 mW/m (170 mW/m ) was obtained using the 1 M NaCl catholyte at pH 7. However, the greater Cr(VI) reduction of 44.5% and 97.6% was achieved using the 0.2 M NaCl/Cr(VI) based catholyte at pH 7 and 2, respectively. This can be attributed to the competition between Cr(VI) and oxygen reduction due to the high rate of dilution at higher concentrations of NaCl. Additionally, the highest open-circuit voltage of 0.752–0.845 V was recorded at 0.2 M NaCl/Cr(VI) as a proof to support that 0.2 M NaCl was a favorite condition for reducing Cr( ....
He took a pig s bladder, hung that in the rubber and the osmosis would cause the water to flow through the bladder. 1791 my technology was founded. 7 billion people is just barely okay. 9 billion people are not going to make it. not enough food or water to sustain a population of 9 million. desalinated water is quite controversial because typically it s incredibly energy intensive. that s something you re taking on, correct? yes. instead of pushing the water with this amount of energy, let s draw it to the membrane with what we call a draw solution. we don t get rid of all the electricity. we get rid of say three-quarters of it. which ultimately your water can be 30% to 40% cheaper. if we can show that, i think the big guys get interested. when the big guys get interested this thing will start taking off. can a business have a mind? ....