And the broadcast service California State University Chico. Considered at 7 o clock. Live from n.p.r. News in Washington I m Jack Speer President Trump says his planned summit with North Korea s leader Kim Jong un is on again for June 12th in Singapore but as N.P.R. s Michele Kelemen reports he says it will be just the beginning of a process and likely several meetings after a highly unusual and lengthy meeting with a top envoy from North Korea President Trump emerged sounding upbeat about the prospects for relations which he says are better than they ve been in years we re going to go in and sign something and you d pull off that we never were we re going to start a process and I told him today take it times go fast we go slowly Trump says he also told Kim young child who s on a u.s. Sanctions list that he s holding off on any new sanctions to see how things go he says they spoke about North Korea s desire for a peace treaty to formally end the Korean War human rights didn t come up Michele Kelemen n.p.r. News the State Department French President Emanuel McCrone says he has spoken with President Trump and has told him that stiff new tariffs on steel and aluminum are either legal and a mistake in a statement today McCrone saying he spoke by phone to trump shortly after was announced u.s. Would move forward with 25 percent tariffs on steel and 10 percent tariffs on aluminum imported from the e.u. Canada and Mexico he was asked the World Trade Organization to weigh in on this writing which tallied Torrie tariffs Mexico and Canada have made similar threats they were says vetoed a u.n. Security Council resolution that in part condemns the Israeli military s practice of firing on protesters there backed resolution introduced by coate calls for international protections for Palestinian civilians it was ambassador to the un Nikki Haley called the quake resolution grossly one sided when the United Nations sides with terrorists over Israel as the Kuwait resolution does it only makes a peaceful resolution of this conflict harder to reach us as it is to competing resolution condemning Hamas for s. . Living tensions along the Israel Gaza border drop growth in May outpace market expectations both in terms of hiring and wage increases just before the announcement President Trump took to Twitter as N.P.R. s Yuki Noguchi reports normally the monthly jobs numbers are a closely guarded secret until exactly 8 30 am on the 1st Friday of every month the White House is an exception it receives the reports the day before this time President Trump took to Twitter 69 minutes before the report s release writing quote looking forward to seeing the employment numbers at 830 this morning within seconds bond markets reacted indeed the report itself showed strong payroll growth of 223000 jobs in May and the unemployment rate declined to 3.8 percent its lowest level in more than 18 years you can a Gucci n.p.r. News Washington and Wall Street the Dow is up $219.00 points the Nasdaq rose 112 this is n.p.r. . A district attorney says the state of Tennessee intends to seek the death penalty against a man and woman charged with premeditated murder in the death of a Deputy District Attorney General Ray Crouch Jr saying today Stephen Joshua awakens in America Castro miles are both expected to face death if convicted of 1st degree premeditated murder in the shooting of Dickerson County Sheriff Sergeant Daniel Baker Rodger a statement says the pair are currently being how without bail Baker was killed on Wednesday after responding to a suspicious car 3 women have filed a new class action lawsuit against former film producer Harvey Weinstein and people who allegedly facilitated his sexual abuse as N.P.R. s Andrea Lim bomb reports the suit adds to the more than 80 women who ve accused the disgraced movie producer Melissa Thompson says that Harvey Weinstein sexually assaulted her at a meeting while she was pitching him on a project and that she is a video evidence of the attack later on that same day Thompson alleges Weinstein raped her in a hotel room killing Delaney s said that Wednesday night consensually performed oral sex on her in a hotel room and on another occasion lorissa Gomez said Weinstein grabbed her tried to kiss her but she was able to run away the lawsuit also accuses those in Weinstein s orbit members of Disney Miramax and the Weinstein Company of either helping or hiding Weinstein s actions dubbing them the quote Weinstein sexual enterprise into them buying n.p.r. News thanks as manufacturers were expanding in a robust pace in May The Institute for Supply Management a purchasing managers group says its manufacturing index rose by more than a point from the previous month to $58.00 and a reading above 50 indicates meant expansion in manufacturing I m Jack Speer n.p.r. News in Washington support for n.p.r. Comes from n.p.r. Stations other contributors include the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation working alongside others to build a culture of health for all more information at our w j f dot org And the National Endowment for the Arts artworks. Support from our State Public Radio comes from Steve fall of Chico established in 1900 the national investment firm specializes in providing solid studied advice and developing strategies to help investors pursue their financial goals they can be found online at Stiefel dot com That s s t e i f e l dot com. It s All Things Considered from n.p.r. News I m Audie Cornish and I m Mary Louise Kelly the European Union is fighting back against tariffs on aluminum and steel announced by the trumpet ministration Here s Cecilia mam strummed the years commissioner for trade speaking today in Brussels this is further weakening the transatlantic relations and it also increases the risk of severe turbulence is in the markets globally protectionism can never be a solution and this will hurt you in the European Union but also in the u.s. The e.u. Released a list of American goods that they will slap their own tariffs on things like Harley Davidson motorcycles and Kentucky bourbon Also this morning the e.u. Opened a case against the United States at the w t o the World Trade Organization So what happens now we asked Chad Baum senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics to walk us through how things might unfold so what happens here is the European Union files a case in Geneva at the World Trade Organization and there have been you know more than $500.00 or so of these cases filed over the years a couple of 100 of which of involve the United States dozens and dozens between the United States in the e.u. We like that like to fight each other and it s basically here the European Union is claiming that the Americans hip implemented trade restrictions in this case the steel aluminum tariffs that violate the rules of the international system at this is something that German Chancellor Angela Merkel has said explicitly She says these u.s. Tariffs break rules so that s my next question is she right do they. Well we don t know what we do know is the excuse that the Trump and ministration is using to impose these tariffs is really unprecedented President Trump is imposing them under the allegation that steel and aluminum threaten American national security you know he s really hasn t done this in any great scale before and trading partners really haven t done the same thing because it s broadly seen as a major excuse and you re saying when you say it s unprecedented. Has never had to decide before whether national security might pose a legal justification for imposing tears Exactly and it s partly by design you know you don t want to have this case actually have to come to Geneva and get litigated by these you know nameless faceless jurists out there if the United States wins the arguments that they win the legal decision that s bad because it basically says that the entire world all you have to do is to just throw out this card and say hey you know this is in my national security interest to protect this industry to impose these tariffs and that basically means that any country at any moment in time can just evade the rules based trading system and just slap on tariffs How long will this take for this dispute settlement to play out I mean how long might we be looking at before we figure out whether the judges were persuaded or not these cases actually take quite a long time so it s really probably 234 years before we would get anywhere near a resolution to this issue so as someone who watches what s going on in Geneva and is watching the deputy you know quite closely I guess I guess my takeaway question is how much power do they have to prevent a trade war from breaking out the e.u. And other countries are already going other routes beyond the w 2 you know process that they b.t.o. Actually has very little power in of itself you know any of these disputes are reliant on countries bringing them forward the debate you know just kind of establishes the framework in a setting for countries to be able to resolve their grievances in a non conflictual manner but the detail really can t step in and say. A you know you ve gone too far you need to cool it down that s not really the role in all of this unfortunately you re saying if the u.s. Is determined to go ahead with these tariffs they re going to go ahead if the u.s. Is determined to go ahead with tariffs they re going to go ahead of the Europeans are determined to go ahead with retaliation if they re going to go ahead and there s really not much that the b.t.o. Can do to stop it unfortunately Chad thanks very much thanks for having me he s a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. The u.s. Is not only in a trade fight with the European Union but also with allies closer to home Mexico and Canada are both disappointed by the new aluminum and steel tariffs the Canadians have promised to retaliate today President Trump tweeted Canada has treated our agricultural business and farmers very poorly for a very long period of time and he went on they must open their markets and take down their trade barriers North Country Public Radio s Brian Mann is in the Canadian capital Ottawa this afternoon Brian tell us what is the reaction there so far well 1st Audie there s a lot of anger specifically over the fact that President Trump invoked national security as a justification for these tariffs prime minister Justin Trudeau talked about the fact that the 2 companies militaries of fought together since the 1st World War And in fact are still on battlefields together right now that Canada could be considered a national security threat to the United States is it inconceivable. These tariffs will harm industries and workers on both sides of the Canada us border prime minister Justin Trudeau there Brian you ve also been speaking with just regular citizens right on both sides of the border on the u.s. Side what have you heard there s a lot of skepticism I think in these industrial towns that a trade war with Canada is the solution to the bust belt economies and sagging mill towns but there s also a lot of desperation and some people describe this is kind of a Hail Mary move I spoke with Nancy wells in Messina New York where Alcoa still has an aluminum plant it would be really great if this trade did good for Alcoa because Messina needs the work have you seen Messina kind of fade over the years we ve been here coming up here for 30 years and yes a lot of work has left the area it s really gone bad and I should say that Nancy Wells told me she doesn t actually like Donald Trump very much but she likes this decision in this that. Action from Messina New York you cross to Cornwall Ontario What did you hear there well it s another border town with an economy that s deeply intertwined with neighbors in the u.s. You know family ties across this border workers who cross every day in both directions to get to work companies have supply chains that are completely fluid from one nation of the other I spoke with Jerry Wagner outside the Lowe s hardware store it will definitely affect Canadians greatly we trade heavily with the United States still them our major exports for us to the United States so how about you personally I assume it will definitely I sometimes they drop out of shopping for goods that I buy their own back and become more expensive with tariffs that are opposed to equal out the ones that they have and so where does this go from here well Canadians are preparing to implement their own retaliatory tariffs but one other thing officials are talking about here in Ottawa is that they re hoping u.s. Governors and members of Congress will jump hard into this fight pressuring the White House to reconsider this trade war already some Republican lawmakers along the u.s. Canada border have made it clear that they really hate where this is going northern New York alone has more than 10000 jobs relying on trade across this border so you know there s a lot of uncertainty now about how those companies will operate That s Brian Mann of North Country Public Radio Brian thank you thank you. At 721 this morning President Trump tweeted that he was quote looking forward to seeing the employment numbers that would be coming out a little while later and sure enough he had reason to the Labor Department released a jobless rate of 3.8 percent that is the lowest it has been since the year 2000 and here s Daniel Kurtzer even joins us to talk about the numbers and about that tweet which is generating some controversy Hey Danielle Hey Mary Louise So let s dive right in with the controversy because why not this tweet a lot of people are saying it was really inappropriate for the president to tweet that he was looking forward to seeing the numbers why why is that sparking outrage because the Labor Department is just very strict about the jobs numbers they come out at a specific time that s $830.00 Eastern government employees who have access to this data they aren t even supposed to comment on it until an hour after the jobs data is out so it s pretty remarkable that the president may have done so before and the president does get briefed on the numbers the night before the jobs report is released so when he did tweet this morning after he had the numbers by everyone else didn t it looked like he might be spiking the football and by the way one more thing Trump has on multiple occasions you know on the campaign trail before he became president he had called the jobs numbers fake so when he celebrates the jobs report now it s kind of an about face to this question of spiking the football is there any evidence that the president did move markets or that the did tip somebody off that that he tweeted early the markets certainly moved they were up on the opening bell this morning but then again you would expect that on a strong jobs report and this was a strong report so there s no way of really knowing whether the president s tweet out of anything to do with that or not exactly Ok setting aside the question of the president s controversial tweet this is the headline number that they were saying that more than 223000 jobs were added last month that seems like really good news that s a big number what s your read on it yeah. This is a really good number I mean all around a lot of economists analysts are saying this is a strong jobs report but there is a big caveat here I do want to point out these monthly jobs numbers come with a big margin of error that margin of error is plus or minus 115000 jobs Ok so it sounds like we do know that there were a lot of jobs added It was a big number but that margin of error is also really big so how meaningful or meaningless is that top line 223000 jobs were added It s still meaningful but when you re thinking about yes you should keep that margin of error in mind I mean at the very least last month job growth was modest at the very most it was gangbusters but either way it looks like it was pretty Ok And for people listening who are you know thinking about trying to get a job I mean overall picture for the job market also pretty good it looks pretty good yeah I mean this number tells us there is a pretty solid job market out there I mean in some areas there s even a labor shortage but here is one little bit of cold water to throw on this wages are growing at an annual rate of 2.7 percent and that s Ok but considering how much job growth we ve had how low unemployment is it s really not that high and it does have a lot of economists wondering why aren t wages picking up at some point we should see that but we re not seeing it in a big way yet. Is N.P.R. s Daniel Kurtz Laban reporting today from New York Daniel good to speak to you yes thank you. Support for Planet Money comes from Eunice s a global i.t. Provider of products and services for securing businesses and governments including stealth Microsoft mentation software UNICEF s securing your tomorrow morning at Unisys dot com slash security. You re listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News. The time now is 618 here on a Friday afternoon for n.s.p. Are I m Russell Damian with the weather an upper level ridge is going to give the North States warming temperatures and continued dry conditions over the weekend afternoon high temperatures this weekend are going to range between 10 and 15 degrees above normal in the Valley overnight lows upper fifty s to mid sixty s tomorrow s highs in the upper ninety s to low 106 reading could see 102 tomorrow Chico 99 Weaverville and Hayfork your lows in the upper forty s low fifty s highs tomorrow low to mid ninety s Mt Shasta in Dunsmuir moment lows upper forty s low fifty s highs tomorrow in the low ninety s Burney low of $44.00 tonight now high of 90 degrees tomorrow in Westwood Chester and Greenville overnight temperatures are going to range in the mid to upper forty s eyes tomorrow low to upper eighty s and Paradise 60 tonight not a high of 95 tomorrow you are listening to North State Public Radio where right now in Yuba County Yuba City currently 86. There is something like a nervous system in the forest on the next Radiolab that s a plan to know which way to 10 so that he could find water those leafy green craters in our garden uprooting our idea of what it means to think the below ground structural love it looks so much for the brain and I ve been looking around lately and I know that intelligence is not unique to humans in the smarty plants on the next radio that source Sunday tomorrow at 11 am here on s.p.r support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from a good online test prep for the s a t and a.c.t more com prep smart go far enjoy the ride. From Home Advisor matching homeowners with home improvement professionals for a variety of home projects from minor repairs to major remodels homeowners can read reviews of local pros and book appointments online at Home Advisor dot com and from the listeners who support this n.p.r. Station. This is All Things Considered from n.p.r. News I m Mary Louise Kelly And I m Audie Cornish Andres Gonzales has spent the past 5 years photographing tangible pieces of grief crosses Jewish star Angels a lot of N.G.O.s he s traveled to American communities where school shootings have happened going through archives of items sent to victims families and the schools I found a lot of origami cranes there are photos of young faces poems teddy bears notes from students to friends who were killed one reads I wish now I would have spent more time with you but I m so thankful for eighty s movie night later the same note asked what was it like to hug Jesus and photos of these momentos will appear in a forthcoming book titled American origami when he set out to do a project on school shootings Andres Gonzalez didn t know these kinds of archives even existed the very 1st place I visited was Northern Illinois University there s a sitting there in 2008 a gunman killed 5 students on campus before killing himself Gonzales met with a librarian at n.i.u. Who told him the school had saved the things left at makeshift memorials after the attack she showed me a few items but what I was in really expecting was to see the massive amount of material that they had collected it just went on and on and on and I still wasn t sure what question I was asking I didn t know that the memorabilia would be such a big part of the project but that was the introduction to the work since then you visited Columbine Virginia Tech You ve also spent time in Parkland What are the patterns the materials that you see over and over again. You see a lot of handwritten letters you see a lot of confessional letters people trying to connect to these communities through their own tragedies through their own loss that they ve had what do you mean by that. For instance I was speaking with the archivist and Parkland and he was telling me that he did you know the one time he had considered himself 1st but the one time that he became very emotional it was with a letter that he found from a woman he was telling me it was a mother that had lost a child to suicide and she told her story in this long handwritten letter and it was not sent to anyone in particular it was just sent to the community whether she expected to be read or not is questionable but it was almost felt like it was a cathartic act for her to write this letter and I found a lot of stuff like that in these archives you also reached out to some of the families who have lost family members and I want to play a little audio from Peter Reid he s the father of Mary Reed She died at the shooting at Virginia Tech and he talks a little bit about what it s like to lose a child here it is when you have a family member who is deliberately taken from you by another person in a violent act you have this hole that s ripped in the fabric of family the friendships the community and it s hold it shaped like Mary in every way you can imagine and it. Just It goes on forward in time indefinitely and everything has to rearrange itself around and Tina s under is what did these families tell you about whether these condolences mean anything to them right given the kind of grief he s describing. Yeah I mean it s complicated I was speaking with Christina Anderson who she s a Virginia Tech survivor about this. And she had said to me something that really stuck with me which is that she felt all this memorabilia it becomes a huge burden for families and survivors to go through to catalog and store it felt like it might be more in the service of the person giving the people that have actually been through the violence so in that sense I kind of felt the same thing you feel just reading the repeating language it almost feels like kind of they ve been prescribed by these past tragedies What do you mean by repeating language what aspects of this start to feel wrote it sounds like Hallmark language I m sorry for your loss you know thoughts and prayers kind of language so it s complicated I think it s complicated for all the families so once you ve sent off your item to say we are with you. How do those communities deal with the hundreds of thousands of letters or teddy bears or crosses or angels that they receive. So a lot of the items are Center actually to the families and what I found is a lot of families don t want them so they leave them to the city or to the school and the schools in the cities then spend time collecting them and finding a home for them and archiving them and how to log into them I was just in Parklane and they collected 227 boxes worth of Mentos and move them into Florida Atlantic University library where they will eventually be catalogued and stored and then digitized and put online not every community creates an archive correct and you have talked to communities where they destroyed the materials they received Yeah so in Sandy Hook they were inundated with so much stuff they had received over 65000 teddy bears over half a 1000000 letters along with quilts and poetry and all the other from brother gets sent to these sites and 1st the city tried to hold it at City Hall and it filled up City Hall eventually they ended up moving it into a small airplane hangar and it filled up the airplane hangar and the city didn t know what to do with it so the Connecticut State Library created a very small selection that went into their archives but the majority of it was incinerated I met a resident of Newtown you know the marina who had. Took it upon herself to photograph and document every single artifact that was sent to the town before it was burned so she created an online archive which is really beautiful called Embracing Newtown but the city they designated it sacred soil the ash that was a product of the incineration and now at Lisbon Heath city hall. In the end what do you want people to understand about this one thing that it s complicated because I see people really trying to connect to these tragedies but the same time the take away from this work hope is to realize the inadequacy of that response and that we take accountability for how we behave in the aftermath of these mass shootings that some in those cards while they do mean something it s not enough and that our political response was not enough you know and that was what I was hoping would be the take away is there a particular photo in the book that sticks with you an image or one of these I guess pieces of grief that you can t let go of. There are a lot that I feel emotionally attached to I found one index card this was at the Sandy Hook archive at the K nex a library it was written in a child like hand and it just said help is on the way and on the one hand I felt like it was written in a moment of distress at the same time I felt like well it doesn t seem like help is on the way. Thank you so much for speaking with us thank you Audie has been really great to talk to his forthcoming book is American origami. This is n.p.r. News Candy washing machines pork bellies will cost more but the president s new tariffs and the Israeli and Palestinian conflict divides the world but an Israeli drama set in that conflict has become a hit Iran we wrote about our experience in life some of it from the Army some of it from just real life Saturday on Weekend Edition from n.p.r. . It s All Things Considered from n.p.r. News I m Audie Cornish and I m Mary Louise Kelly coming up rapper Black Thought of the roots the beard. Pulled down that s all been near in my own way that is how to protect myself how he s learned to open up for being on The Tonight Show 1st news. Live from n.p.r. News in Culver City California I m to Wayne Brown the latest border wall construction project program today in San Diego where about 14 miles of fencing will be replaced it s the latest step in the trumpet ministrations effort to increase border security from member station k.p.s. Jeanne Guerrero reports the construction area stretches from about a half mile east of the Pacific Ocean to the area the barriers went up in the ninety s using recycled scraps of helicopter landing maps from the Vietnam War They stand about 10 feet high Customs and Border Protection called the replacement project one of border patrols top priority projects the construction company is Texas based S.L. s c.e.o. Awarded a 100 $47000000.00 contract for the project. Other border wall construction projects that already started include replacing 2 miles of border fencing in Calexico and adding new fencing in New Mexico for n.p.r. News I m Gene Guerrero in San Diego President Trump says the nuclear summit with North Korea will happen and it will be the 1st of several Trump making his remarks after White House meeting this afternoon with a top aide to North Korean leader Kim Jong Il and N.P.R. s Arun McCammon has more President Trump says it s back on at this news comes just over a week after he canceled the summit after negotiations broke down with North Korea met with a top North Korean official at the White House who delivered a letter from North Korean leader Kim Jong un secretary of state Mike pump aoe and other u.s. Officials also have been working to negotiate arrangements for the meeting in Singapore on June 12th N.P.R. s Sarah McCammon when asked whether North Korea is ready to abandon its nuclear program Trump said it s a process that will take some time stocks finished higher on Wall Street after the government reported another strong month of job gains attack and bank shares led the rally the Dow rose $219.00 points or one percent this is n.p.r. News. The union representing workers at $34.00 casino hotels on the Las Vegas strip of reached a tentative agreement covering about a quarter of their workers N.P.R. s Leila Fadel reports a strike will cost the hotel s millions the whole area Workers Union says the 5 year contract with Caesars Entertainment covers about $12000.00 workers at 9 resorts on the Las Vegas Strip m.g.m. Resorts International and Caesar s Entertainment operate more than half of the unionized hotels on the strip Caesars won t see their staff strike if the deal holds but m.g.m. Will the contracts expired at midnight and the union could call for a walkout at any time and that means hotels like the aria the iconic Blasio and others will lose their bartenders housekeepers bellman dealers and other unionized workers it s unclear what the hotel s backup plans are but it s been over 30 years since a strike in the city if there is a strike it comes as hockey fans flock to the city for the Stanley Cup finals they left n.p.r. News Las Vegas China is appealing to its trading partners to reject quote u.s. Trade and investment protectionism after Washington impose tariffs on steel and aluminum imports today s appeal comes ahead of weekend talks with Chinese and u.s. Officials to narrow Beijing s multibillion dollar trade surplus with the u.s. The tariffs announced Thursday on steel from Canada Mexico and Europe have no effect on China stocks finished higher on Wall Street this is n.p.r. . The race against time and the rising seas in Miami it s almost like the risk is going to sink us before the seas ever do our city plans for its future in the face of climate change I m coming to you from w l r n in Miami next time on the take away from. N.p.r. I Public Radio International. You can check out the takeaway Monday through Thursday 11 to 12 noon here on n.s.p. Our. Where support from our State Public Radio comes from Corning Ford the centrally located not state sales and service destination for Ford s full line of vehicles including f 150 Super Duty Explorer and more information and an inventory listing of more than 900 vehicles are available online at Corning ford dot com Also at day 245434 support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from Rock Auto and online auto parts stores shipping parts directly to customers worldwide everything from engine control modules to tail amps more at Rock Auto dot com from Capital One offering a variety of credit card options with features for a range of customers from foodies to travelers Capital One what s in your wallet credit approval required capital one bank USA. And from the listeners who support this n.p.r. Station. From n.p.r. News it s All Things Considered I m Audie Cornish and I m Mary Louise Kelly the trumpet ministrations 0 tolerance crackdown on families who cross into the u.s. Illegally is starting to get back to migrant home countries particularly those in Central America u.s. Officials say they are prosecuting and detaining every person caught and taking children from their parents it s unclear ago if this harsher policy is a deterrent yet N.P.R. s Carrie Kahn reports dozens of migrants who recently traveled to the u.s. Border in a caravan through Mexico are keenly aware of President Trump s crackdown like 24 year old Marty asar Nama She s speaking from a u.s. Immigration and Customs Enforcement or ice detention facility near San Diego California she s been there since asking for asylum for herself and her 2 children at the border more than 4 weeks ago and. Now I don t and we were she says on the 8th of May guards told her her children needed to come with them she says her eldest son 7 years old took the hand of his little sibling who was 2 and started walking away when they saw their mother wasn t following them they started crying. And. Difficult to hear Maria the connection over the detention center phone is not great and she breaks down crying often she says she s been told that her children were taken to a shelter in New York she says she s only been able to speak with her oldest son who just cries on the phone to her 37 migrants have signed a formal complaint about conditions in the San Diego facility which they call inhumane in the statement I says it is committed to ensuring the health safety and welfare of all in our care and that they re looking into the inmates complaints while migrants and their advocates already in the u.s. a President Trump 0 tolerance policy is in full swing it s unclear if the message is fully getting relayed back home. At this migrant shelter in Mexico. City a couple dozen women men and children are just finishing up the afternoon meal all are from Central America mostly El Salvador and Honduras I could only record the migrants if I agreed not to use their names were fearful that gang members back home could find them through information and press report. This man from El Salvador who came with his wife and 2 kids says he s heard about Donald Trump s policy not too many specifics though just that the president doesn t like migrants and won t let them in the country their story is a familiar one these days. The wife says gang members began extorting them for money it didn t matter if they weren t making enough in their small bakery the gang wanted their money and you had to pay it $1.00 day they demanded 5000 dollars or they would kill them several men and. The husband says they couldn t come up with it so one night they just shut the doors and left making it look like they went to our friends for dinner or to a party they never went back they say they re too afraid to go to the u.s. And don t want to be separated so I ve decided to stay put in Mexico City u.s. Officials and charity workers in Central America say news is trickling back about the trumpet ministrations policies but k. And draw they have Catholic Relief Services and door says families who have no other options at home are still heading to the u.s. The risk of migration even with all these barriers is still less than staying here she says she s heard parents say their child is safer in a u.s. Shelter alone than on the streets of El Salvador Carrie Kahn n.p.r. News Mexico City protesters are gathering in more than 2 dozen cities across the country to condemn the practice of separating immigrant parents and children at the southern border at least $600.00 children were taken from their parents last month N.P.R. s Joel Rose brings us this now. Report. A few 100 protesters chant and sing outside a Department of Justice building in Washington today because I read the. Man that it was Jessica Morales Rick Atto is with the National Domestic Workers Alliance She helped organize the protest against the trumpet ministrations 0 tolerance policy that s led to the separation of immigrant families from the stories are horrific like the babies being ripped out of their mother s arms literally ripped out of their mother s arms and I just it is just horrifying to me that this is happening in America and we can t rest until it s not happening the protesters included Kathy Schneider who teaches at American University she felt compelled to register her child of I don t recognize this country and I cannot imagine how any American is not appalled by this the goal is to discourage immigrants from crossing the border illegally trumpet ministration has considered separating parents and children as a deterrent since last year and last month Attorney General Jeff Sessions made it clear the families that cross the border illegally will be separated if you don t want your child to be separated then don t bring him across the border illegally is not our fault that somebody does that the Justice Department says family separations are necessary because children can t go to jail with their parents so they re placed in shelters run by the Department of Health and Human Services while their parents face charges in most cases it s a misdemeanor illegal entry this is a big departure from past practice previous administrations tried to keep parents and children together in family detention centers or release them into the u.s. To wait for their court dates homeland security secretary curious to Nielsen continues to defend the new policy here she is yesterday at an appearance near the border in Nogales Arizona we will refer 100 percent of Eagle southwest border crossings to the Department of Justice for prosecution every day in communities across this country if you. Major crime the police will take you to jail it should be the same on the border but critics say this isn t really about law and order they say separating immigrant families is cruel and immoral many of the people crossing the border are fleeing from violence and lawlessness in Central America and seeking asylum in the u.s. This is not who we are as Americans this is not what we stand for this is Democratic Congressman Joaquin Castro speaking at a protest last night in San Antonio your presence here tonight is a signal back to Washington d.c. The just because somebody crosses a border doesn t make them non-human protesters gathered today in New York Santa Monica Miami and Cleveland and last night on the steps of the county courthouse in El Paso Texas Good evening everyone thank you so much for being here in linear Rebus directs the las Americas Immigrant Advocacy Center she seemed families separated in this border town for months even before the Trump administration s 0 tolerance policy became official even when parents have served their time for illegal entry Riba says they re often placed in immigration detention without their children for weeks if not months go by without even knowing where their kids are or we d have been able to talk to them and it s just instead being a very helpless situation immigrant rights advocates aren t just protesting they re appealing to the Organization of American States to put pressure on the trumpet ministration and they ve asked a federal court in California to step in and stop these family separations they re still waiting for a ruling Joel Rose n.p.r. News. And. Tomorrow on Weekend Edition 9 months after it was devastated by 2 hurricanes the National Park in St John and the Virgin Islands is still recovering. When you can see on that tree back there how. But height of the debris of 10 feet tall feet now. All this boardwalk is off topic volunteers have been stepping up to help clear trails and rebuild listen for that and more and tomorrow morning by asking your smart speaker to play n.p.r. Or your local station by name. You re listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News. We re going to talk now about something our next guest says we should all stop talking about the 30000000 word gap that is the finding that kids who grow up in poverty here s 30000000 fewer words by age 3 than those in wealthier families for decades this finding has shaped how teachers and policymakers approach child development So let s bring in n.p.r. Ed teams on your chemist s to explain why she says it may be time to move on from the 30000000 word gap pay Anya Hi Mary Louise Hey so 1st just walk us back where did this 30000000 figure come from in the 1st place what was the research so Betty Hart and Todd Risley at the University of Kansas wanted to know why the poor children in preschool that they were working with seem to be so far behind at such a young age so starting in the early 1980 s. They went to homes in Kansas City and for one hour per month they recorded these families starting when they had babies up until they were 3 years old and the difference that they found was huge the professional class parents in the study spoke more than triple the words per hour to what they called the welfare class families and we talked to Betty Hart back in 2011 who told us her initial reaction horrified when you see a difference feel so great and you think of trying to make up those differences you just look at it and say you know. But researchers and policymakers thought Actually this could be quite hopeful this is a fixable problem and it drove investment to to try to fix this right I know that s right people were excited because this seemed actionable you know speech is free unlike health care education and so parent education efforts like federal Early Head Start programs Providence talks the Clinton Foundation s too small to fail all of these were inspired by the heart Risley $30000000.00 word study so this seems like a great idea trying to figure out ways that parents and gauge more with their very young children why. I Are you making the case that we should stop talking about this 30000000 word gap Well critics for years have said that the number itself might be exaggerated so that the sample size in the study was just 42 families and many have pointed out that having a researcher sit in your living room might not be the most natural situation and you know there was a racial element to this as well because all of the welfare class families and 9 out of 10 of the working class families in the study were African-American and they had people in their in their living rooms who were of another race they might have been intimidated and then just a couple of weeks ago a study came out that was called a failed replication of heart and Risley they compared field recordings into for communities and found that the level conversation kids heard really varied based on the area not just on the income level and so for example in the Black Belt area of Alabama these kids are heard 3 times as many words as in the heart and Risley study I gather also there s some controversy just over the term or using the the 30000000 word gap when we talk about gaps it s a deficit model of thinking 8 focuses people on you know what these kids are doing wrong with their families or doing wrong rather than how you know systems like schools could be meeting their needs better and so for example there was a really interesting study done last year where they talked to educators in mostly Spanish speaking communities and found that this word kept idea of kind of penetrated people s minds and gotten them to kind of think that these kids didn t have the vocabulary to handle really kind of hands on engaging learning and so this is an example of you know maybe science getting into people s heads in a way that might not be completely beneficial N.P.R. s On your comments thanks so much thanks railways. Are listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News. Hi This is Helen force for me town we ve got a bunch of friends old and new for you this week our dear old friends the very talented traveling the Currys are with us a new friend a very gifted and Feist really insightful singer songwriter who listen vice and we talked to an American woman helping to relieve the suffering of Syrian refugees this week in Sunday to. This woman is a potato farmer in the mountains of Peru she and her neighbors are trying to stop a company from blowing up hillsides and digging deep into the earth she says it s damaging the environment right now she s all that stands between the company and the gold underneath her own farm but she says she s not giving up by d our story from the Peruvian Andes on the world. And you can tune into the world by me through Thursday at 12 noon here on North State Public Radio. Support for n.s.p. 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Not long ago I spoke with Qwest love hip hop drummer extraordinary of the roots about creativity he said one of the most creative people he knows he met in high school is roots co-founder to wreak Trotter the way that his brain thinks I don t know any human being on earth that can absorb that much information and text and I want to go around. Saying this like. Ok We re going to Trotter is best known as Black Thought Tonight Show fans know him for his look short brand had stark glasses regal beard and a smile that while rare on stage lights up the place despite 25 plus years as the roots front man and Larry Trotter hasn t really done a project without them until now. The 1st of the planet s amount to play in the car in the front he s putting out a regular series of collaboration there called streams of thought Volume one is out now I asked him about the inspiration for the 1st song which true to form nods at a literary great story Esky the novelist known for exploring pathological states of mind dramas out of the movie of joy manipulative going to school every day and with . The repeal of the Crime and Punishment the judge and jury listen I will join an interview with Barry Michael Cooper for a New York Times and he you know he said like it on the steps of hip hop that sort of resonated with me and it s something that I took to the drawing board that. The status symbol should be true when it came to the states and Congress and take a look and try to come down on the basis. This is also a song in which you referenced being an elder statesman right now take a look at the books in the basement I don t know if I get to the point where I get to interview rappers who had reached that point. It s good news so. It s great news I feel like we ve been around for such a long time as a writer and as an artist that I need to sort of speak to the way that my perception of the world has sort of changed the rules you saw on our 1st record deal when I was about 19 years old so I m a very different person than I was then maybe a song like thank you speaks to that a little bit. I think so. Thanks. For the mug shots that were really takes these in the eighty s and she s the family the family the sentence he was just told me on the 2nd mistake in the piece for right now I should say some of this imagery which is really lovely and light hearted description of growing up you grew up in Philadelphia right yes to give people context you also had this very traumatic childhood so when you talk about getting a record label signing at 19 this is after a lot had gone on in your life right absolutely absolutely before the age of 2 I lost my father he was murdered a case that was never solved. My mother was also murdered I think when I was about 16 years old her killer I think is serving a life sentence and I don t by the time I was you know 16 years old done a lot of growing up but yet the song called Thank you it s my way of saying that you know as trying as the Times may have been the past is what makes me the person that I am today is that something you ve come to recently I mean not that the music was ever really really dark I mean there are rappers out there who basically are telling kind of gang life tales I like that s how they came up especially like in the ninety s with gangster rap but for you is it only recently that you found you can look back and say Ok I m Ok. You know recently I feel like I have just come to terms with the maturity and really more so with vulnerability locums token of appreciation. Days it s not even the people at the place who want to remain completely they say anything that is back in the face thank you you know I think the true artist musician and dancer writer actor a true artist is able to sort of articulate pain in tragedy or whatever right in a way that sort of expresses what the listener or the ball holder may have been feeling but was less able to communicate and that sometimes discouraged in hip hop in the past I feel like now you hear more of it yeah I mean it s a traditionally yes hip hop was sort of founded on the winner takes all d concept and you re not supposed to show chinks in the armor I feel like only recently has it become Ok in just a far more acceptable to represent your true vulnerable self for me I m I m super private person to open up in the way that I have been in recent years has been pathetic in a way but it s also been traumatic. Oh really I mean you know there s something to be said about a person who sort of lives a life without letting that many people in suddenly letting people live. I mean. How much does that have to do with this job you ve had in recent years right as part of the house band for The Tonight Show where you guys are on stage in front of America every night and you have to crack jokes and you have to crack a smile you have to be willing to laugh at yourself that actually probably has a lot to do with there is a certain part of you know almost every day that I live in levity but you re usually the straight man like yeah my head s to you and it s like sunglasses beard and I think the joke is just well you crack a smile at everyone on the stage and they make you smile but I mean you know that the beard the sunglasses that pull down low that s all you know just layers of my veneer how I sort of protect myself I guess you know but yeah you know I feel like this job has definitely made it far easier for me to open up and to show that sort of vulnerability and lightheartedness girl. Gone. Down time because you know I ve never seen you or never heard about your creative process and being a lyricist for the group how do you keep track of ideas I mean are you a person rapping into your smartphone or your person taking notes on scraps of paper or how does it work the writing process for me is more like essay form I ll read a book I watch a documentary or a film or whatever I ll go to with an art exhibit and just try and open myself to influence it s almost like going through a book with a highlighter like song sort of organically evolve and write. Cells if you re in tuned enough to sort of listen you know but what I ve learned not to do is to say oh I m just going to make a mental note and I ll remember that later because that doesn t work you know doesn t work Yeah Yeah Yeahs when you get a call the next night the lost treasures of drought or Yeah like all the music I forgot trotters treasure trove. Well during a black thought thank you so much for speaking with all things considered I like to thank you over having me it s always such a pleasure Blackbaud his new e.p. Produced by 9th Wonder and the Soul Council is called streams of thought volume one . Your listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from Linda mood Belle committed to helping all students learn to their potential offering a learning ability evaluation and summer programs for reading comprehension and math more it Linda made Bell dot com from the doors do charitable foundation celebrating 20 years of grant making and supporting a new initiative to help retain physicians scientists with caregiving obligations learn more it d.d. C.f. Dot org And from Wells Fargo established 852 and reestablished 2018 with a recommitment to customers working off the principles the company was founded on Wells Fargo dot com slash re new Wells Fargo Bank and. You are tuned to n.s.p. Our North State Public Radio k c h o Chico and k f p r reading listener supported public radio for northern California a broadcast service of c.s.u. Chico on the web at my n.s.p. Our auto r g thank you for spending your Friday afternoon with us here North State Public Radio and with me now Russell Damien back again Monday at 4 as your local host for all things considered it is 7 o clock.