"In Situ Observation and Phase-Field Simulation Framework of Duplex Sta" by Tong Wang, David Wexler et al.
The melting and solidification process of S32101 duplex stainless steel (DSS) was investigated using high-temperature confocal microscopy (HTCM). The method of concentric HTCM was employed to study microstructure evolution during the solidification process of S32101 DSS. This method could artificially create a meniscus-shaped solid–liquid interface, which dramatically improved the quality of in situ observations. During the heating stage, γ-austenite transformed to δ-ferrite, and this transformation manifested itself in the form of grain boundaries (GBs) moving. The effects of cooling rate...