Due to the high energy density and low production cost, silicon oxide (SiOx) is recognized as one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, the low initial coulombic efficiency and rapid capacity attenuation of SiOx anodes severely restricts its commercial application. Here, we propose a scalable strategy of pre-lithiation followed by a thermal passivation to improve the initial coulombic efficiency of SiOx anodes, boosting the large-scale commercial applications of the pre-lithiation strategy. First, the hollow porous SiOx@C spheres (Hp-SiOx@C) with adjustable ...