In more recent times, research on various aspects of the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process has been conducted, and efforts into monitoring the WAAM process for defect identification have increased. Rapid and reliable monitoring of the WAAM process is a key development for the technology as a whole, as it will enable components produced by the process to be qualified to relevant standards and hence be deemed fit for use in applications such as those found in the aerospace or naval sectors. Intelligent algorithms provide inbuilt advantages in processing and analysing data, especiall...