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That icon in american history. >> at the beginning of civil war there is a desperation for officers. they are taking a tiny warmer and they are expanding it to a continentalnary. army. he gets to a good size unit. >> he rose through the ranks while union general in east foundered against elee. grant won battles out west. president lincoln summoned grant east to finish off lee, that grant did. >> grant embarked on the campaign one of bold quick pursuits in military history that winds of trapping lee at the courthouse. and securing his surrender in april 9, 1865. brett: lee expected grant

That grant acted in many ways behind the scene, he got military ready and made it clear to people we're not tolerating any nonsense or violent. brett: grant's worse fear was coming true. a massive lack of trust in the commission. he was haunted by idea his policies to unify the nation might have brought on this grave crisis. with a week left in his term, he gave his ascent to a grand bargain. one that would keep peace as a terrible cost to blacks. hayes promised to withdraw federal troops and withdraw support from these am battled republican -- embattles republican governments in the south. an...

Congress imposed martial law on the south, giving grant power, but made his balancing act trickier. >> grant's role as commander general to oversee the military reconstruction. he did not engage in open conflict with andrew johnson, but it was more difficult for him. brett: johnson wanted federal troops out of the south even as violent escalated against african-americans, just one example, a night raid in memphis burned churches and schools. washington was a buzz with speculation that johnson might order grant to shut down congress. >> during this period, grant's conflict with johnson is becom...

Georgia, south carolina, alabama, mississippi, louisiana. if you have a fair election, you will be drowned. because there are a lot for more african-american than white citizens. the answer if you were a white segregationist was don't let them vote. brett: democrat took control of the house of representatives for first time since the start of the civil war. >> 1874, republicans suffer a route at the hands of democratic party, the financial down tournament it led to a great deal of discontent. -- did not help. >> as economy worsened, some black voters and candidates grow dissatisfied with grant...

>> he believes that black people should not play a major role in american society. and the result is that he does some things that grant does not agree with. brett: >> johnson drove grant toward a more radical view about slavery and race, it became clear that if the north did not intervene, that southern whites would reestablish some form of serddom. brett: grant agrowed with radical republicans in congress who pushed for abolition and equal rights. no state would be allowed back in the union unless it gave blacks citizenship and equal protection under the law,