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The accumulation of metabolic waste is a leading cause of numerous neurological disorders, yet we still have only limited knowledge of how the brain performs self-cleansing. Here we demonstrate that neural networks synchronize individual action potentials to create large-amplitude, rhythmic and self-perpetuating ionic waves in the interstitial fluid of the brain. These waves are a plausible mechanism to explain the correlated potentiation of the glymphatic flow1,2 through the brain parenchyma. Chemogenetic flattening of these high-energy ionic waves largely impeded cerebrospinal fluid infiltration into and clearance of molecules from the brain parenchyma. Notably, synthesized waves generated through transcranial optogenetic stimulation substantially potentiated cerebrospinal fluid-to-interstitial fluid perfusion. Our study demonstrates that neurons serve as master organizers for brain clearance. This fundamental principle introduces a new theoretical framework for the functioning of macroscopic brain waves. Rhythmic neural activity drives cerebrospinal fluid perfusion through brain parenchyma to enhance brain cleansing.
KUALA LUMPUR: COmpanies that could be in the spotlight include IOI Properties, Sentral REIT, AirAsia X, Agmo, Hextar Capital, Star Media, Ni Hsin and TNB, said Apex Securities Research.
All-carbon materials based on sp2-hybridized atoms, such as fullerenes1, carbon nanotubes2 and graphene3, have been much explored due to their remarkable physicochemical properties and potential for applications. Another unusual all-carbon allotrope family are the cyclo[n]carbons (Cn) consisting of two-coordinated sp-hybridized atoms. They have been studied in the gas phase since the twentieth century4–6, but their high reactivity has meant that condensed-phase synthesis and real-space characterization have been challenging, leaving their exact molecular structure open to debate7–11. Only in 2019 was an isolated C18 generated on a surface and its polyynic structure revealed by bond-resolved atomic force microscopy12,13, followed by a recent report14 on C16. The C18 work trigged theoretical studies clarifying the structure of cyclo[n]carbons up to C100 (refs. 15–20), although the synthesis and characterization of smaller Cn allotropes remains difficult. Here we modify the earlier on-surface synthesis approach to produce cyclo[10]carbon (C10) and cyclo[14]carbon (C14) via tip-induced dehalogenation and retro-Bergman ring opening of fully chlorinated naphthalene (C10Cl8) and anthracene (C14Cl10) molecules, respectively. We use atomic force microscopy imaging and theoretical calculations to show that, in contrast to C18 and C16, C10 and C14 have a cumulenic and cumulene-like structure, respectively. Our results demonstrate an alternative strategy to generate cyclocarbons on the surface, providing an avenue for characterizing annular carbon allotropes for structure and stability. We provide a modified strategy for the on-surface synthesis of cyclocarbons with 10 or 14 carbon atoms that provides a route for characterizing annular carbon allotropes.
(From left to right) Michael Ngu, CEO of architects61; Lim Sim Seng, Building & Construction Authority (BCA) Chairman; Desmond Lee, Minister for National Development and Minister-in-Charge of Social Services Integration; Lee Yeow Seng, CEO, IOI Properties Group; Dominic Choy, Managing Director of Hexacon Construction (Picture: IOI Properties Group)SINGAPORE (EDGEPROP) - IOI Properties Group has topped out IOI Central Boulevard Towers, its Grade-A office development in Marina Bay. A topping-out c
KUALA LUMPUR: As it wraps its 2023 financial year, IOI Properties Group Bhd said the operating environment both within and outside Malaysia will continue to face headwinds.