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"Metamorphic testing for block ciphers" by Mingjia Zhang, Dave Towey et al.

Information is indispensable in modern society. People’s daily communication and work depend on information transmission. Unsafe storage or transmission of data may result in privacy and security problems. One way to attempt to prevent such issues is to use encryption algorithms to transform information into encrypted forms. Because the encryption steps of most encryption algorithms are complex, deciding the correctness of the encrypted output may take a long time in practice. This kind of problem is called the Test Oracle problem. In contrast to traditional software testing, Metamorphic Testing (MT) does not focus on the correctness of each individual output, but examines whether the inputs and outputs of multiple executions of a Program Under Test (PUT) satisfy necessary relations of the PUT, called metamorphic relations. This paper reports on an experience of applying MT to test three encryption algorithms Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES), a ....

Program Under Test , Test Oracle , Metamorphic Testing , Data Encryption Standard , Triple Data Encryption Standard , Advanced Encryption Standard , Data Encryption Standard , Etamorphic Relation , Metamorphic Testing , Oracle Problem , Triple Data Encryption Standard ,

"MTKeras: An Automated Metamorphic Testing Platform" by Yelin Liu, Zhi Quan Zhou et al.

This paper presents an automated, domain-independent, metamorphic testing platform called MTKeras. In this paper, we report on an investigation demonstrating the effectiveness and usability of MTKeras through five case studies in the four domains of image classification, sentiment analysis, search engines and database management systems. We also report on the effectiveness of combining metamorphic relation (input) patterns in individual metamorphic relations, enhancing the failure-finding abilities of the individual relations. The results of our experiments support combining patterns, and the use of MTKeras. The research reported in this paper shows the applicability of metamorphic relation patterns, and introduces a practical tool for the research community. ....

Achine Learning Library , Etamorphic Relation Composition , Etamorphic Relation Patterns , Metamorphic Testing , Eural Network Api , Oracle Problem , Testing Tool ,

"Using metamorphic relations to verify and enhance Artcode classificati" by Liming Xu, Dave Towey et al.

Software testing is often hindered where it is impossible or impractical to determine the correctness of the behaviour or output of the software under test (SUT), a situation known as the oracle problem. An example of an area facing the oracle problem is automatic image classification, using machine learning to classify an input image as one of a set of predefined classes. An approach to software testing that alleviates the oracle problem is metamorphic testing (MT). While traditional software testing examines the correctness of individual test cases, MT instead examines the relations amongst multiple executions of test cases and their outputs. These relations are called metamorphic relations (MRs): if an MR is found to be violated, then a fault must exist in the SUT. This paper examines the problem of classifying images containing visually hidden markers called Artcodes, and applies MT to verify and enhance the trained classifiers. This paper further examines two MRs, Separation and O ....

Random Forests , Machine Learning , Etamorphic Relation , Metamorphic Testing , Software Verification ,

"Metamorphic testing of fake news detection software" by Yingrui Ma, Dave Towey et al.

Since the popularization of social media, news has entered our lives digitally. While news is spreading broader and faster, fake news is becoming an increasingly popular topic. Fake news detection is therefore important in both social media and research areas. With artificial intelligence technology, software engineers have developed a lot of fake news detection systems. One of the biggest challenges for such systems is that they may face the oracle problem, which means that there may not be a way, or it may take too long time, to confirm the correctness of a specific output. Metamorphic Testing has been applied successfully to alleviate the oracle problem in many different areas, including in artificial intelligence. In this paper, we propose several metamorphic relations for fake news detection and report on experiments using metamorphic testing on fake news detection applications. ....

Fake News , Fake News Detection , Etamorphic Relation , Etamorphic Relation Pattern , Metamorphic Testing , Oracle Problem ,

"Input Test Suites for Program Repair: A Novel Construction Method Base" by Mingyue Jiang, Tsong Yueh Chen et al.

Abstract
Test-suite-based automated program repair (APR) techniques acquire information from an input test suite to guide the repair process, aiming to produce a repair that can pass all test cases of the input test suite. Obviously, the input test suite has a critical impact on the repair effectiveness of APR techniques. This article reports on a study of the APR input test suites from a new perspective. We first propose a novel method of constructing the APR input test suites, using information derived from violated metamorphic relations. We then empirically evaluate our construction method using three APR techniques (Angelix, CETI, and GenProg), comparing it with random and code-coverage-based construction methods that are used as the experimental control. The results show that our approach is complementary to these two input test suite construction methods. This article illustrates a new use of metamorphic relations for program repair. ....

Automated Program Repair , Nput Test Suite , Etamorphic Failure Causing Condition , Etamorphic Relation , Metamorphic Testing , Repair Quality , Emi Proving , தானியங்கி ப்ரோக்ர்யாம் பழுது ,