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When something goes wrong during DNA replication, cells call their own version of 911 to pause the process and fix the problem -; a failsafe that is critical to maintaining health and staving off disease.
DNA is often likened to a blueprint. The particular sequence of As, Cs, Gs, and Ts in DNA provides information for building an organism.
The DNA damage response is essential for maintaining genome integrity. When DNA damage or replication stress occurs, a checkpoint signaling pathway is activated to arrest the cell cycle and initiate repair of the DNA damage, or trigger apoptosis. Now, researchers from Van Andel Institute (VAI) and the Rockefeller University have revealed how a key piece of the DNA repair process, called the 911 DNA checkpoint clamp, is enlisted to the site of DNA damage.
Cyanobacteria have evolved complicated mechanisms to transform light energy into chemical energy during three billion years of existence. Cyanobacteria produce reducing power (NADPH) and chemical energy (ATP) for carbon dioxide fixation using only the most basic of ingredients: light and water.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, or PI3K for short, is a family of lipid kinases that plays a key role in the human body, performing functions such as c....