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725 years have passed since the end of the third crusade. by 1914, the world has undergone a drastic transformation fueled by the rise of technology and industrialization. but world war i now threatens the entire globe, and jerusalem lies directly in its path. >> at the time of the outbreak of the first world war, jerusalem was still occupied by the ottomans, also called the turks, who had been there for hundreds of years. >> the ottoman empire was controlling most of the what we call today the middle east. it had lost egypt because egypt had become part of the british empire. but they had tur...

Greece, and what is today palestine, jordan, the arabian peninsula, lebanon, and syria. >> in world war i, the turks ended up siding with germany and austria-hungary. so they became really the third part of the axis at that time. >> allied with the germans, the turks send a strong military leader to protect the middle east. >> djemal pasha was sent by the ottomans to become the governor general of jerusalem, thinking that this would be an important battleground and that they needed a military man to be in charge. >> djemal pasha served a major part in the armenian genocide. he's known to be so...

>> the palestinian/israeli conflict that we are experiencing today, you've seen it experienced in jerusalem for thousands of years. >> for the jews, jerusalem is where solomon built the holy temple. >> for christians, this is the place where jesus was crucified. >> for muslims, jerusalem is where the prophet muhammed made the night journey. >> people who are said to have conquered the world have swept through this city. >> no other individual changed the landscape in the way that herod the great did. >> saladin was determined to take on the christians and throw them out of jerusalem. >> at a t...

How not to be a hero: because that's the last thing they need you to be. you don't have to save the day. you just have to navigate the world so that a foster child isn't doing it solo. you just have to stand up for a kid who isn't fluent in bureaucracy, or maybe not in their own emotions. so show up, however you can, for the foster kids who need it most— at helpfosterchildren.com cleopatra longs to bring jerusalem back under egyptian

The british just kind of poured through. >> and the germans recognize that any kind of destruction in jerusalem would create such negative publicity for them that they just moved north. >> the germans didn't devastate the city before leaving. they left the city intact. so the british didn't so much conquer jerusalem as the germans abandoned it. >> so when the germans and the ottomans flee jerusalem, all that's left is the mayor of jerusalem, and he doesn't have an army. all he's got are the keys to the city. and so what option does he have? all he can do is surrender the city. >> the flag that...