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BBCNEWS The Daily Global June 4, 2024 18:47:00

These sediments can be analyzed. they hold the fingerprints of human activity from the byproducts of fossilfuels, microplastics, and the fallout from nuclear weapons testing. and it s the plutonium from these nuclear tests that s being isolated here to determine which year the anthropocene started. we re looking at the plutonium radioactivity in the early 1950s. that was the point when this almost entirely artificial product was globally dispersed. and we pick it up from the early 1950s in sediments all over the globe. the last epoch change happened more than 11,000 years ago. a record is buried in a bog on the isle of wight. this is a really beautiful transition. you see the difference in the colour of sediments. the darker mud belongs to the ice age. the lighter mud is where the warmer holocene epoch began. but there s a major difference ....

Human Activity , Plutonium Radioactivity , Nuclear Weapons Testing , Epoch Change , Isle Of Wight , Ice Age , Holocene Epoch , Lighter Mud , Darker Mud ,

MSNBC To End All War Oppenheimer the Atomic Bomb June 4, 2024 02:36:00

That have to come together and work perfectly together. to make an atomic bomb, you need the fuel for it. (electrical warbling) carr: we have plutonium, and we have enriched uranium. we have two different types of material that we re going to try and use. plutonium was the better material to use. there was gonna be more of it. you needed less of it to make a bomb, and yet it was harder to detonate. (electrical popping) the initial way to make a bomb was called gun assembly. it was to take two pieces of material and slam them together. (explosion) .causing a critical mass and an explosion. and that was fine if you used highly enriched uranium. but one day, they discovered it won t work with plutonium. the plutonium turned out to be so reactive ....

Atomic Bomb , Alan Carr , Electrical Warbling , The American Way Of Life , Ogun Assembly , Critical Mass ,

MSNBC To End All War Oppenheimer the Atomic Bomb June 4, 2024 02:37:00

That you couldn t fire it up a barrel even at 3,000 feet per second. it would fizzle. it would melt down before it got up the barrel. norris: it was a great shock. i mean, maybe this whole plutonium thing had been wasted, hundreds of millions of dollars to develop plutonium. wellerstein: oppenheimer was distraught, and-and los alamos was distraught. rhodes: he considered resigning, he was so depressed, and his friends at the laboratory said, you can t, robert. you ve got to stay and finish this work. it s got to happen. we must do it. and-and reluctantly, he stayed. (filmstrip rattling) newsreel narrator: .war under the supreme command of general dwight d. eisenhower. allied forces have nearly three million troops trained for the assault. (crowd cheering) on the other side of the channel. -(shouting in german) -(crowd chanting in german) .the nazis also know what the allied forces are preparing for, and they are making preparations of their own. ....

Feet Per Second , You Couldn T Fire It , Alex Wellerstein , Richard Rhodes , Los Alamos , J Robert Oppenheimer , Pacific War , Dwight D Eisenhower , Filmstrip Rattling , Three Million , Crowd Chanting , Crowd Cheering ,

MSNBC To End All War Oppenheimer the Atomic Bomb June 4, 2024 02:39:00

So that when they explode, they re gonna end up sort of focusing a blast wave onto this ball, pushing on the top and pushing on the bottom and pushing on both sides of it every angle of this is gonna be being pushed upon with a lot of explosive force. what you want to do is get this pressure to squeeze the plutonium target evenly. if it were asymmetrical, it probably wouldn t work. you had to have enough pressure quickly enough to smash these subatomic particles together hard enough to get them to have this a-amazing reaction. wellerstein: this is really hard to do. every aspect of this is an almost totally new problem. it is a technology that would have benefited from another decade of development. and they didn t have that. they had a year. conant: oppenheimer was working night and day building the bomb. ....

Blast Wave , Explosive Force , Wouldn T Work , Alex Wellerstein , Subatomic Particles , Jennet Conant , Night And Day ,

MSNBC To End All War Oppenheimer the Atomic Bomb June 4, 2024 02:38:00

(hitler shouting in german) bird: oppenheimer feared he was still in a race with the germans. even as late as the summer of 44, they had no real intelligence about where they were on the german bomb project. carr: and so, if they don t crack the plutonium problem, they may not have a bomb in time. norris: oppenheimer shifted the laboratory into, you know, full-speed panic mode. wellerstein: they had had some ideas for other types of bomb designs which they had thrown around at the very beginning of the project but dismissed cause they seemed too difficult. but one of them was called implosion. the way implosion in a nutshell works was they had a solid ball of plutonium, just a solid sphere of it, about the size of a softball, maybe a little bit smaller. and this is encased by tons of high explosives. and these high explosives are really specially made, ....

Hitler Shouting , Bomb Project , Atomic Bomb , Alan Carr , Plutonium Problem , Panic Mode , Alex Wellerstein , Los Alamos Project , The American Way Of Life , Nutshell Works , Bomb Designs ,