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"Maximizing Flow Rates in Multi-Hop Two-Tier IoT Networks with Ambient " by Muchen Jiang, Kwan Wu Chin et al.

This paper considers routing and link scheduling in a two-tier wireless Internet of Things (IoT) network. The first tier consists of routers that communicate via active Radio Frequency (RF) transmissions. The second tier consists of passive tags that backscatter ambient RF signals from routers. Our objective is to maximize the network throughput at both tiers. To this end, we outline a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) that jointly optimizes the active time of RF links and backscatter links, and traffic over links. We also present a heuristic called Algorithm-Transmission-Set-Generator (ALGO-TSG) to compute transmission sets. Moreover, we also outline a heuristic called Centralized Max-Flow (CMF) to maximize network throughput by jointly considering routing and link scheduling. The results show that (i) the network throughput achieved by ALGO-TSG at both tiers is 29.80% higher as compared to the case without backscattering, and, (ii) the throughput of CMF is on average 21.36% lower t ....

Integer Linear Program , Radio Frequency , Mixed Integer Linear Program , Centralized Max Flow , Low Rates Maximization , Nternet Of Things , Multiple Access , Radio Frequency , Pread Spectrum Communication , Ag To Tag Communications ,

"Optimizing Information Freshness in RF-Powered Multi-Hop Wireless Netw" by Tengjiao He, Kwan Wu Chin et al.

Many applications operating in the Internet of Things (IoT) require timely and fair data collection from devices. This has motivated research into a new metric called Age of Information (AoI). This paper contributes to this effort by proposing to minimize the maximum average AoI (min-max AoI) in a multi-hop IoT network comprising of solar-powered Power Beacons (PBs). It outlines a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) that jointly optimizes: (i) the beamforming vector used by PBs to charge devices, and (ii) routing, which determines how samples from devices are forwarded to a sink node, and (iii) the sampling time of sources. It also presents two protocols: Centralized Linear Relaxation (CLR) and Distributed Path Selection (DPS), respectively. CLR is run by the sink to determine the transmit power of PBs and the path of each source using two Linear Programs (LPs). On the other hand, DPS is a distributed approach whereby PBs and sources make their own decisions using local information. Ou ....

Integer Linear Program , Power Beacons , Mixed Integer Linear Program , Centralized Linear Relaxation , Distributed Path Selection , Linear Programs , Distributed Protocol , Radio Frequency , F Charging , Pread Spectrum Communication , Update Rate , Wireless Communication ,