Frontiers | The Conjugated Ionospheric Anomalies Preceding the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake
We present the conjugated ionospheric total electron content (TEC) anomalies prior to the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake, Japan, observed by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations in northern Australia. The onset time of the anomaly, determined by the Akaike’s information criterion, is 41.5 minutes before the earthquake in Australia, which is very close to the time observed in Japan. The positive TEC anomalies in Australia emerged on the same longitude as the land area of NE Japan. This supports the model that electric fields within the ionosphere redistributed the electron...
Source: frontiersin.org