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Science for just $15 USD. Resident help for fighting influenza Memory T cells take up residence in the lung after respiratory virus infection to facilitate rapid and localized immune responses during reinfection. Two studies in this week’s issue identify a population of CD4 + tissue–resident helper T cells in mice that are BCL6-dependent and support antiviral B cell responses within inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue after influenza infection. Swarnalekha et al. used single-cell RNA sequencing of antigen-specific T cells across different tissues to characterize lung T resident...

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease of premature infants characterized by acute intestinal necrosis and long-term neurological dysfunction, through mechanisms that are poorly understood. In new work, Zhou et al . study a neonatal mouse model of NEC, human brain autopsy specimens from infants with and without NEC, and human and mouse brain organoids. They report that CD4+ T lymphocytes, partially of intestinal origin, damage the developing brain of neonatal mice in the setting of NEC through the release of IFN-γ. These findings suggest that early management of intestinal i...

 E-Mail IMAGE: Researchers at the University of Tokyo have found a way to enhance the sensitivity of existing quantitative phase imaging so that all structures inside living cells can be seen simultaneously,... view more  Credit: s-graphics.co.jp, CC BY-NC-ND Experts in optical physics have developed a new way to see inside living cells in greater detail using existing microscopy technology and without needing to add stains or fluorescent dyes. Since individual cells are almost translucent, microscope cameras must detect extremely subtle differences in the light passing through part...

 E-Mail IMAGE: Representative specimen image of Anopheles stephensi from Mosquito Image Database. Picture shows a mosquito stored by freezing at -80C. view more  Credit: Couret, J. et al. 2020 (CC-BY 2.0) Rapid and accurate identification of mosquitoes that transmit human pathogens such as malaria is an essential part of mosquito-borne disease surveillance. Now, researchers reporting in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases have shown the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence system--known as a Convoluted Neural Network--to classify mosquito sex, genus, species and strain. Human ...

Science for just $15 USD. Excoriating exosomes Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe, potentially deadly drug-induced cutaneous reactions that result in skin death and detachment. Zhang et al. show that plasma exosomes from patients with SJS/TEN entered and promoted the apoptosis of primary human keratinocytes. They found that miR-375-3p was abundant in the patient-derived exosomes and correlated with clinical severity, and further showed that this microRNA induced keratinocyte cell death by targeting the apoptosis inhibitor XIAP. This work sheds lig...