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BBCNEWS The Engineers August 22, 2021 09:35:00

So, silicon is a semiconductor. that s the material that s used to absorb sunlight and generate electricity in a solar cell. it works by absorbing sunlight, particles of sunlight, that we call photons, they carry energy, they re absorbed in the silicon and what they do is give electrons in that silicon extra kinetic energy, the energy from the photons transferred to the electrons, and those electrons, with that energy, can move around and they re freed from the lattice they re freed from being bound and localised. and that s the current, in essence, those moving electrons, that if we contact the silicon on either side we can extract in an external circuit and generate current and voltage from the material. now, in terms of the limitations, if we look at what s the optimum efficiency a single solar absorber material could be, like silicon, they top out at about 25%. that s really the practical limit for an actual solar panel ....

Kinetic Energy , Solar Absorber Material , Solar Panel ,

BBCNEWS The Engineers August 22, 2021 09:40:00

And we let the silicon absorb all the infrared. and in doing that we actually fundamentally improve the efficiencies. if we made a perfect perovskite on silicon tandem cell, that would top out at about 45%. so we ve fundamentally lifted the ceiling. and if we went one step further to anotherjunction, triple junction, three junctions, that would top out at just above 50%. so what perovskite does is lift the ceiling for potential efficiency and gives us a new path forward to go to higher and higher efficiency. so, i mean, substantial gains in efficiency here. how close is this really to being a real technology? is this now, or this is far flung future? this is very near term. you can t go out today and buy perovskite solar cells, but we re building a production line at the moment. we re talking about next year, the first cells and modules will be in production and start to be ....

Triple Junction , Isnt Technology , T Go Out , Production Line ,

BBCNEWS The Engineers August 22, 2021 09:39:00

Henry, look, i want to turn back to solarfor a second. perovskite is the material you ve been working on. what is it, how does it work, and why is it such an improvement and such a possibility for the revolution of solar power? perovskite is a crystal structure. one of the unique aspects of them is because they re composed of three different ions, we can actually change the composition of these ions and that changes the optical properties and electronic properties of this material. this means that instead of using a single material to absorb the sunlight, we can actually tune the perovskite to absorb in different regions and stack these materials on top of each other. now, this stacking of solar cells on top of each other we call multi junctions, and the simplest multi junction is a tandem cell, two solar cells on top of each other. and the perovskite we tune to match perfectly silicon. it absorbs only the visible light ....

Solar Power , Henry Snaith , Crystal Structure , Working On , Solarfora Second , Each Other , Solar Cells , Multi Junction , Multi Junctions ,

BBCNEWS The Engineers August 22, 2021 09:34:00

On climate change has said that in order to avoid the worst ravages of the heating associated with climate change, we need renewable resources like solar and wind to provide 85% of global electricity by 2050. but where are we now, and what s the scale of the challenge that faces us? so, danielle, tell me a bit about how close we are to that 85% target? well, the good news is that wind and solar power have doubled in the last five years due to their plummeting costs. now, nearly one tenth of the world s electricity comes from wind and solar together. but if i think about it from the wind perspective, at roughly 8%, we have to get 40 plus, 40 50%. that s a huge leap from where we are today, to meet our net zero goals by 2050. so lots of work yet to do. let me turn to henry, let s talk a bit about solar here. solar panels use silicon. can you explain how that technology works, and what its limitations are in helping us reach the goal danielle just outlined? ....

Climate Change , Solar Power , Wind Perspective , Henry Snaith , Solar Panels , Technology Works ,

BBCNEWS The Engineers August 21, 2021 01:35:00

Now, in terms of the limitations, if we look at the optimum efficiency a single solar absorbent material could be, like silicon, they top out at about 25%. that s really the practical limit for an actual solar panel with today s silicon technology. so, i m hearing 6%, 7%, 8% from danielle. i m hearing 20% from you. we re not quite at that 85%. and all of this energy we generate needs storing, doesn t it? so, kristian, i know that you re a man of the fjords and boats and ships have been a constant thread throughout your life, even before you became a marine engineer. so, 90% of the world s trade travels by sea, as well as 3% of the world s greenhouse gases, it s estimated nearly half a million people die prematurely every year from the air pollution created by ships. your company created the world s first fully electric ship, a battery operated ferry which has travelled the equivalent of eight times ....

Solar Absorbent Material , Solar Panel , Kinetic Energy , Kristian Eikeland Holmefjord , Needs Storing , Silicon Technology , Doesn T , Marine Engineer , Greenhouse Gases , Air Pollution , A Million ,