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reports, breaking news in gaza where new air strikes are posing new danger to already crippled hospitals. a strike reported near one hospital overnight and israeli tanks spotted near another as fighting intensifies near gaza city. the latest from the region as thousands of civilians are caught in the cross fire. also developing this morning, letters containing suspicious powder spent to election workers in at least five states. what we know about these letters and what s being done to find whoever is behind them. also ahead, joe manchin leaving the senate. so is he eyeing the white house instead? hello and thank you for joining us on this friday. it is 10:00 eastern. i m ana cabrera reporting from new york. we begin with that breaking news overseas with intense fighting now dangerously close to hospitals in gaza. new video from overnight capturing israeli tanks on the streets of gaza city just blocks away from a children s hospital. and there was an explosion ne ....
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Routes of human exposure to hazardous substances include inhalation, ingestion, skin, and eye contact. To protect worker health against airborne contaminants numerous occupational exposure limit values (OELVs) have been established by regulatory or health authorities. These limits are airborne concentrations of hazardous substances which are often established as health-based benchmarks according to epidemiological and toxicological evaluations. OELVs have exclusively focused on the inhalation exposure pathway because it has been considered the most important route of exposure (Anderson & Meade 2014; Schneider et al. 1999). In contrast, there is a lack of quantitative exposure limits to assess skin exposures in the workplace. A research gap with respect to the development of health-based skin exposure limits for metals was identified. This thesis addressed two main research questions; (1) What methods should be employed to measure skin exposure to metals? (2) What is an acceptabl ....
This article provides guidance into the quantitative risk assessment of skin exposures to metals. The use of wipe sampling methodologies has been shown to be standardised and effective for skin exposure assessment to metals. However, there is a lack of guidance documents and frameworks available to evaluate the level of health risk to workers from skin exposures to metals. Adverse health effects from exposures to metals have been described in the literature (Fernández-Nieto et al. 2006; Herman et al. 2006; Kreiss et al. 1996). Monitoring of workplace exposures typically focuses on the assessment of respiratory exposures. To provide a safe workplace there is a need to ensure all routes of exposure are risk assessed and controlled. The goal of this article was to develop skin (surface) exposure limits to metals, using the construction industry as a test environment, to quantitatively assess worker health risk of skin exposures to metals. This research concluded it was not feasible to es ....