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Your behavior? nasa says knowing this is crucial if we're ever going to mars or deep space. but how do we know if being in space is the cause of kelly's body changes? nasa has the perfect specimen to compare him to. his twin brother, retired astronaut mark kelly. mark kelly has volunteered for nasa's twin study to see how the identical twins change over a year in very different environments. so mark will be here on earth getting poked and prodded by researchers while scott makes history in orbit. kelly won't be alone on the space station. a russian cosmonaut also is taking part in the one-year...

Typical stay for an american on the international space station. >> if we ever want to send someone to mars we must first learn what it takes for a person to live in space for long periods of time. >> we know what the effect is for a six month mission. bone loss, muscle loss, the effects on our immune system. now we need to know what it is between six months and a year. >> scott's brother captain mark kelly is no stranger to space either. >> i have 54 days in space. >> this time mark's mission is back on earth. >> i asked the question when i was assigned to this one-year flight whether any stu...

Full year in space but will be a participant in the first-ever nasa twin study with his brother mark, who will remain on earth. during the study, scientist also conduct the same series of tests on the twin brothers to determine the effects of long duration space travel on the human body. joining me now via skype from kazakhstan is mark kelly. he's an nbc news and msnbc space and aviation analyst and a former astronaut and naval aviator. mark, so they have dragged you back in for this final mission. what is going to be required of you during this year? >> well, not only dragged me back in, but ...

Mark kelly married to former congressman gabby giffords and his brother are about to embark on space travel. mark kelly will blast off in kazakhstan tomorrow for a one-year mission to the international space station. not only will scott kelly become the first american to spend a full year in space but will be a participant in the first-ever nasa twin study with his brother mark who will remain on earth. during the study, scientist also conduct the same series of tests on the twin brothers to determine the effects of long duration space travel on the human body. joining me now via skype from ka...