"THREE-DIMENSIONAL SQUAT-TYPE CRACK GROWTH UNDER ROLLING CONTACT FATIGU" by Abdul Haseeb Afridi, Eduardo Tovar Camacho et al.
Squats cause wide concern for railway safety management due to their popularity and the significant increase. The current work introduced a symmetrical modeling strategy to investigate three-dimensional squat crack growth from an early stage tiny squat with a leading branch to the mature squat with both leading and trailing branches. The numerical strategy coupled the finite element method for stress status at the crack front in rail and the boundary element method for subsequent crack growth. The results show the formation of trail crack is due to the combined cracking modes of shearing and t...