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Every gigantic Coal and Gas Outburst begins as a tiny, localized coal failure. This point of failure leads to a rupture of the coal seam, resulting in a violent ejection of enormous amounts of gas and pulverized coal. Whether the size of an outburst is predictable and whether a large-scale outburst requires unique conditions different from smaller events are fundamental questions associated with the potential for disaster probabilistic forecasting. In this study, we conducted a series of outburst simulations using carbon dioxide (CO2) and He and recorded acoustic signals in the frequency band ...

Every catastrophic coal and gas outburst begins as a tiny coal failure at almost a point, followed by violent ejection of enormous amounts of gas and pulverized coal. Whether the initial rupture of a large outburst produces observable signatures different from those of smaller events is a fundamental question associated with the potential for outburst prediction. Although outburst processes have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically, the underlying mechanism responsible for outburst rupture behavior is still poorly understood. Here, we performed a series of physical simulatio...