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>> this is hair-splitting doctrinal difference here, but some people were willing to kill you for that. so christians willing to kill other christians for those differences. >> to unite the empire, constantine must gather his bishops under one church, or risk having the christian empire he's built come crashing down. ♪ ♪ ♪ the greatest wish of all is one that brings us together. the final days of wish list are here. sign and drive off in a new lincoln with zero down, zero due at signing, and a complimentary first month's payment. only at your lincoln dealer. you might or joints.hing for ...

The westerners look at the east as being not strong. >> the hierarchy of clergy under bishops who reported to the bishop of rome had been working well. but now with constantinoble acting as a second capital, there is a second bishop who believes that he should be in charge. >> there were disputes between the bishop of rome, the bishop of constantinoble, and each saw himself as a very powerful leader. and each one was competing with the others for authority. >> despite constantine's best efforts to unify his empire under one church, the east and west remain at odds. seven years after the counci...

Gone from an outlawed sect to the ruling force of the western world. >> constantine was the head of the state and the head of the church. he was still a roman, and in the old roman religion, the emperor was also the chief priest. constantine definitely took that approach to his faith, rather than what we would now think of as more of a separation of powers. >> but despite christianity's new political advantage, after centuries of being persecuted for not believing in the roman gods, christians are now killing each other over disputes in church doctrine. >> constantine needed a way to bind this...

Christianity legal but favored. >> this is a big one. this is the first time a roman emperor decided to ally with the church. so that means the whole known world was at the disposal of the church. >> as nstantine moves christianity from outlawed to exalted, church and state become intertwined. >> constantine saw in the empire, a new ideology that would give everybody the same god, the same moral values. >> constantine opened up the space where the bishop of rome could become the spiritual fixture on the scene. >> what constantine did is take the bishops who had been previously persecuted and m...

The church. >> the council, as i see it, is the first time they bring all the bishops together to talk to each other. >> the council marks the first of the church's leaders. the foundation of the pope's cardinals today. >> the bishops were commissioned to write what a christian should believe. >> constantine manages to get the bishops to agree on one singular statement of faith, still used to unify christians today. the creed. >> the creed says we believe in jesus christ as god almighty. and the council decides that jesus is human and fully divine. >> constantine says if you sign it, you're a ...