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Waves in Saturn's Rings Reveal Its Fuzzy Core of Ice


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While astronomers often rely on the gravitational pull of a planet to determine the size and makeup of its core, there are other ways to make those guesstimates. In the case of Saturn, for example, astronomers say they’ve detected waves in the planet’s rings that betray a planet core of ice and rocks; one that’s diffuse (or “fuzzy”), brimming with hydrogen and helium, and 55 times as massive as Earth.
Science News reported on this latest look into Saturn’s core. A pair of scientists at Caltech, astronomer Christopher Mankovich and astrophysicist Jim Fuller, identified the waves in Saturn’s rings. The duo, who were aiming to ascertain the structure of Saturn’s core, compared gravitational models with the observed seismic measurements; using the latter to confirm which version of the former is most accurate. ....

Christopher Mankovich , Jim Fuller , Zafar Rustamkulov , Planetary Astrophysics , ஜிம் ஃபுல்லர் , கிரகங்கள் வானியற்பியல் ,

Efficiency Of The Oxygenic Photosynthesis On Earth-like Planets In The Habitable Zone


Efficiency Of The Oxygenic Photosynthesis On Earth-like Planets In The Habitable Zone
Source: astro-ph.EP
Photons flux in two differently defined PAR ranges at the surface of planets at the the two edges of the HZ (dark blue lines for an upper limit of 800 nm and light blue for an upper limit of 750 nm), as a function of the star effective temperature, in units of 1020 photons s−1 m−2 (HZ inner edge: continuous line; HZ outer edge: dotted line). The green dot and circle show the photon flux in PAR range on the Earth surface, yellow dots and circles the estimated photon flux on the surface of known Earth analogs (see Table 1) respectively with an upper limit for the PAR range of 800 nm (dots) and 750 nm (circles). The red dotted line shows the average photon flux which is necessary to sustain the Earth biosphere. The green dotted line shows the typical lower threshold for OP on Earth. ....

Riccardom Ienco , Giovanni Covone , Luca Cacciapuoti , Planetary Astrophysics , Space Exploration , ஜியோவானி கோவோன் , கிரகங்கள் வானியற்பியல் , இடம் ஆய்வு , செவ்வாய் கிரகம் ,

Influence Of Biomass Emissions Upon Habitability, Biosignatures and Detectability In Earth-like Atmospheres


Influence Of Biomass Emissions Upon Habitability, Biosignatures and Detectability In Earth-like Atmospheres
Source: astro-ph.EP
O2 (left) and O3 (right) vmr profiles of various Earth-like scenarios orbiting in the HZ around the star AD Leo compared with the modern Earth around the Sun shown in grey. The other scenarios are grouped into 3 families : modern Earth with Earth s biomass around AD Leo (solid black line, overlapped by grey line for O2); an Earth with Earth s biomass and reduced O2 concentrations (solid blue line) along with increased (100 PAL) CO2 concentrations (shortdashed blue line), increased (100% sRH, ‘wet’) surface relative humidity (longdashed blue line) and lowered (0.1% sRH, ‘dry’) surface relative humidity (dashdotted blue line); an abiotic dead Earth with removed biomass (solid yellow line) along with increased CO2 concentrations (short-dashed yellow line), increased surface relative humidity (long-dashed yellow line) and ....

John Lee Grenfell , Stefanie Gebauer , Iva Vilovi , Heike Rauer , Fabian Wunderlich , Franz Schreier , Planetary Astrophysics , Oceanic Physics , Space Exploration , ஜான் லீ கிரென்ஃபெல் , ஸ்தேபனிே கேபோஊெர் , ஃபேபியன் உண்தேர்லிச் , ஃப்ரான்ஸ் ஶ்ரையர் , கிரகங்கள் வானியற்பியல் , கடல் இயற்பியல் , இடம் ஆய்வு , செவ்வாய் கிரகம் ,