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LLNL Research Reveals How Metals Solidify


In research published in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,” scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) describe how liquid metals crystalize under immense pressure.
In 1879, Nobel-prize winning chemist Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald discovered that liquids often first freeze into temporary, unstable structures before changing into their final, most stable equilibrium phase. This so-call “Ostwald step rule” has been a fundamental mechanism for the study and synthesis of new materials and is a textbook principle that all physicists learn in school.
But in their study, LLNL researchers Babak Sadigh, Luis Zepeda-Ruiz and Jon Belof describe a new mechanism of solidification in copper that provides a more detailed analysis of the Ostwald’s step rule and alters the fundamental understanding of nucleation under extreme pressure. They found that not only do metals first crystalized into an unstable or non-equilibrium phase, but t ....

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