Where every. I mean green bacteria in the tree. Because how Council Climate change. Explores the science of capturing. Change. Were going to explore the intersection of humanity and were doing it in a unique way this is science by scientists. Fossil fuels powering the modern industrial economy with Global Economic growth. In Greenhouse Gas since the 1950 s. The u. S. Space agency has been monitoring Carbon Dioxide levels. In 2013 climate history is made at the moment. In hawaii. In the month of may we measured c o 2. You know why go over 400. Which is a mile you could say. We think this is a significant milestone to remind. You. In the last at least 2000000 years. Was also significant is the rate of increase is rapid. This Computer Generated image shows the. Across the globe the intense red indicate increased burning of fossil fuels during the. 2006 which in turn generates. Every north America Europe and asia scientists at nasa and around the world have evidence indicating increased levels of c o 2 atmosphere behind rising temperatures extreme droughts and extreme storms associated with Global Warming and Climate Change the prime driver Scientists SayCarbon Dioxide c o 2 a colorless odorless nature can provide a path for Carbon Capture through photosynthesis trees and plants to see or to production has outpaced the growth of the forests Global Temperatures continue to climb higher. 1000 and 72nd warmest for free ever recorded one way to stop rising sea levels is to reduce dangerous emissions but research is a taking another. Look into science to come up with methods to capture through Innovation One experimental plan would inject Carbon Emissions underground could be turned into story and stored indefinitely welcome to techno i got to say the same thing and the theme for and i think the landscapes here are absolutely stunning i think is beauty isnt just on the surface theres a lot more happening down below our. Iceland one of the most geologically active areas on. According to icelands National Energy authority the tiny island nation is packed with more than 200. 00 active volcanoes. But even when they arent erupting in icelands many volcanic molten magnifies just under. Us. And that results in a landscape covered with opening hotspots and open gas. In the middle of one of these hot spots. Fueled entirely by the energy from the ground below the Geothermal Power generated here provides more than enough energy to night. Capital city of mecca a bit so were right on the edge of a volcanic area arent we how important is for the fight with power the power plant located here if it werent for the world came across where the world came to is thats where we have from electricity. Is a chemical engineer and the search for energy. She took us to the top of the bowl canaanite to get a close up view of an active drill station. This is the geothermal version of an oil rig. The flow of. More than 200. 00 degrees off of the. 3. 300. And so. Across from the ground. Yeah basically with their limbs across the ground whether we. Were 3rd or you know just regular. Thing. Bringing up this thing that we can really imagine. Yeah yeah i mean. This is just you know. This is incredible whats happening here is actually is a result of whats going on thousands of. The luckiest so horace when engine is related to it they. Say the scientists here are. Especially here. He said of relief. As it turns out. Is also a giant. Home to one of the worlds most innovative plans to capture Carbon Dioxide c good. Is a Research Professor at the ice and hes part of the team behind. The Carbon Capture program reckon big energy even though this is a Green Energy Plant point 5 percent of what comes out of the ground is made up of gases cup and dioxide and hunch and sulfite. The idea is to take those home from the missions and inject them back into the ground. Theoretically you could. Prove thats going to be released in the future you know from burning or no force or if you earth you could culture it and you can store it in the ocean a great you know with all of it all of it you know about this 5. Thats kind of the estimated you know emission of most of if if we a myth of the current rate increase causing Climate Change causing us with the ocean. Unless we cultured with you thats incredible that this Carbon Capture method could be the solution to. Eliminating our Carbon Footprint well its not the Silver Bullet i mean its not the solution is one of the solutions become fixed program was conceived in the labs here in 2006 or 2012 it was fully implemented in the field it takes it from to have Something Else tectonic heritage provides the sun take a look at the landscape is highly dramatic and its covered in the dark and jagged edge rock right above and below the surface its called rock and its volcanic lava cools and its perfect for capturing carbon because its highly reactive with c o 2. This is the key ingredient to this whole innovative process isnt there this is a chunk of cross off youre looking at but its the black material thats the most off and then you can see white spots sort of in between this actually the Calcium Carbonate that we are forming thats the c o 2. So these white spots is actually this isnt just a chunk of it this is a very nice Calcium Carbonate crystal cultured christo. But this is not really representative of what you what we form within the ground during our injection its more like the spots you can see the possibly this process is happening here in iceland naturally for example in order to ferment areas where we have what can they sue to interacting with our soft turning this into into Carbon Minerals so then we thought why not test this interesting idea out here in west london when we have our 2 of them are. Providing a source of c o 2 that come and become. Injected back into the ground and see if we can utilize accelerate this not sure process so the process is happening naturally here its happening at a much faster speed did you predict that yeah so i actually in the beginning i was involved with the project in my in as a part of my ph d. Bush the multiple projects that mineralization to occur within 5 years time but it proved out that the processes in foss them all to protect that coast the c o 2 was turned into stone within only 2 years 2 years and once the c o 2 is turned into stone we dont have to worry about that its not going anywhere its just but it in the ground as raw the process begins at the production while. Steam is sent down these pipes and into the main power plant below is used to tend the plants giant ted winds which produced electricity. Impressive for binds them and for. The water if they can feel Heat Exchangers weather. Which is what the for the set of pipes on there were used for souring and. Once the steam is been used its usually been leased back into the atmosphere for the cop fix project the geothermal gas is about point 5 percent of steam going to be special cleaning tallis thats where the company capture process. So the gases get a shower what does that mean yeah they actually flow through a column where we have what the 1st falling falling down because 3 rows in the opposite direction of the gas meets a liquid and during that sort of interaction the c o 2 fight they are all into the water droplets that water is sent back down the pipe to. Several 100 meters from the main plant so this is really the heart of innovation in this for what happens so here we are actually injecting water containment this on c o 2 into the ground into the boss of the cold storage where the Chemical Reactions that place and turn it into rock so the gas has been dissolved in water is that whats coming up through the pipe. Here in the pipe we have or are about 30 meters per 2nd theme actually containing the salt c o 2 and aides to us flowing through here to them if you look through the window you can see that there are actually i mean bubbles are visible even though we have a lot of fluid still flowing through it because all the costs are the salt is hard to believe that theres actually thousands of these is the 2nd. Of water content of gas flowing through here and just that scientists looks it looks empty but if you look closely you can see so what 2 is more profit off moving around a little bit so it is actually happening and you can see it on the press are not. When the final step in the process is where the Chemical Reaction happens the water is pumped down this large pipe to a depth of 1. 5 kilometers thats where it hits bedrock and thats where the Chemical Reaction takes place as they like to say is where gas is turned to rock so what happens after we inject this year 2 was that this year 2 was is the salt and water which is then acidic. The acetic water dissolves the process of the coaster releasing calcium magnesium and iron into the water fluid where it can react with the c o 2 thats already there and form these carbon of minerals awesome 3 x. Fast. Formed rocks. Where we surprise we have done some experiments we have done with modeling where we predicted that this would take of the order of 5 to 10 years no one really believed. You know im then you really have to do it and then we inject that henri paul got that we could mineralized in 2 years which is a fantastic new plant already green has majestic cup and footprint by one batch more importantly a team of ph d. Students at the university bryson is conducting a new round of testing to figure out why topic is what i well whether i have global act a case where this machine here is very much like more hot on the your family album but thats where its mixing together so im reenacting that what are you trying to find from the supply mentation so the main aim is to figure out where the kick off is when is the c o 2 reacting with the song or carbonate why is the carbon in these so fast i mean in other Carbon Storage method and takes tens of thousands of years is a procedure that could be. Copied around the world that is the hope i mean right now it has been done in iceland and they are doing studies United States in the Columbia River area you have to try and link up with other companies and universities and other countries in the world in order to bring this method to them but also alter it what type of industry they have and what type of rock they have and then in a way whacking up a different industry seeing what what they do on a daily basis and seeing how you can alter it such a way that they can also store their gas emissions in the ground. So is working very well as a general family plant but what are the other applications of this Technology Well theyre all because of course we want to get the coal fired power plants you know where the much air to their mission is then also we want to get this to 1st motors you know we need in the future even if we abundant fossil fuel really need i dont we would meet aluminum and we would need to see. Scientists here say they have a long way to go but they would begin testing the complex process of power plants in small tents situated in coastal regions. So far tested the energy paunch a negative impact on Water Supplies downstream from the injection site other methods of Carbon Storage manana gas in geological formations or injecting c o 2 into depleted or wells become fixed process. To my surprise that actually turns the gas into rock so how can this be expanded globally. Well if. The most. Unselfish of us and with we have it we have big plans of. In the states and in siberia but also the whole Ocean Explorer well thats a lot of surface and one of the downsides of this method that it is that we need a lot of work that because we want to solve the c o 2 completely before we inject if we use see what that and path that then to the Ocean Explorer somehow we have Endless Supply of what you know us what we could imagine so but the question remains how much of this would be practical to use bottled with not really the only way to capture and store you know we this is the 1st experiments we do you know one on that is nowhere close to an interest youre scared good conventional way of capturing c o 2 and compressing it on injecting into separate places theyve been doing since 96 so theres a lot or no there what is needed is that we need to put a price on the carpet it has to be an incentive for him to do it and it should be included in the price of fossil fuels the price of capturing and storing the car we have bought then im very optimistic we know of course we always have to work on ways to actually lower the price. It is with the person not with her but of course in 2015 the Us National Academy of sciences issued a report on geo engineering the science of using technology to counter the impact of Climate Change the panels conclusions the benefits of Carbon Dioxide high risk costs posed a challenge they called for more studies to determine if long term storage of c o 2 could be safe and effective scientists at the university of rice and a heart at work and they study. Capturing very tear is just one possible solution but scientists have another plan and not burying Carbon Dioxide but they are finding another way to use it the technique has dr crystal. Scientists in amsterdam are studying another solution to help reduce global c o 2 levels theyre innovating green manufacturing techniques of some common products like plastics that actually remove instead of add Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere during production currently the Plastic Manufacturing process emits huge amounts of Carbon Dioxide into the environment adding to the problem of Climate Change. But what if a new technology could produce a type of biodegradable plastic that could actually help reverse the greenhouse effect the possibility of this lies inside bacteria an ancient organism the 1st of 3500000000 years ago which turns Carbon Dioxide into valuable organic compounds from which plastics can be made as a whole variety of organisms. But there is a wrong particular. Microorganisms that recall the so i am aware. This is an example of the blue green algae. Here in amsterdam science park a young startup has grand plans harnessing the photosynthetic power of cyanobacteria not only to reduce c o 2 in the atmosphere but also to produce earth Friendly Consumer products the Science Behind this begins with an understanding of photosynthesis plants and some bacteria use energy from the sun along with Carbon Dioxide and water from the atmosphere to produce oxygen and organic compounds the oxygen is put back into earths atmosphere and the cycle continues. Scientists have found that cyano bacteria one of the oldest organisms known to man can be engineered in the lab to excrete commercially valuable molecules. Although there are differences in climate between various places on earth we also find many differences and bacteria and in principle you could find for any sport where you would want to apply you your technique you could find a certain standard bacterium that is optimally adapted to carry out the process if you have the time. In this lab living cyanobacteria conduct photosynthesis under artificial conditions and are engineered to excrete a number of specific compounds used in products ranging from plastics to fragrances to pharmaceuticals. The cyanobacteria excluded compound used in the manufacturing of bioplastics is lactic acid. Dr class telling which is a microbiologist spearheading the Cyanobacteria Research and here is an example of a product that can be made by the Santa Victoria in very large amounts and this case this is one of the. The coli if you were forms of lactic acid and then if you have a culture a liquid culture that has been modified to produce the lactic acid and you let it produce for a for a while fish elected as a bowler can then be used to making Consumer Products of plastics and theres also a very important product that will become much more important in the years to come and this is the electric acid that they used in 3 d. Printing and my expectation is that the amount of products that we that we will be using that have been produced in a 3 d. Printer will enormously trees in the end of coming years. Growing cyanobacteria to make lactic acid for use in Plastic Manufacturing requires a detailed scientific recipe. Researcher dr sabrina. Explains how the cyanobacteria is grown in the last. Year we grow the 3 cultures that when the news is not too late. Large bottles that will be again used to inoculate our pilot facility which is from 3400 liters 2000 liters so youre growing a small amount in here and then youll dump it and went to looks like an empty. Clear yet liquid and then it grows to be the screen yes exactly yeah whats in here right now what are these. Elected cost of producing bacteria what we do is the monitor as close as possible all different part of this from ph to temperature to concentration in order to find the best recipe for the medium. Do the like the acid producing cyanobacteria is engineered here it will be moved to other labs with larger bio reactors just scale up production increasing the amount of bioplastics that can be manufactured later normally you dont think about plastic as necessarily being good for the environment but these are generally there is a problem with plastics that are very recalcitrant that means that once they are deposited in the environment they will stay in the environment and they will not degrade or degrade only very very slowly and the nice thing of this. It is based on molecules from living cells and that means that there are also enzymes in living cells that can break the connection and then can degrade the plastic the nice thing of this type of polymer is that you can make blends of these bombers that have a range of degradation that you can set when you make the polymer its tunable it is so you have brought this this be good to be degraded. Then the material and its 3 d. Printing so youre proposing an almost entirely closed loop you start with c o 2 in the atmosphere you use a modified cyanobacteria to create a plastic polymer that humans use goes a landfill is broken down and turns. You. Have been. There is very important and we call it the carbon cycle on earth and the last 200 years mankind has learned that it is very cheap and attractive to burn all that for the reason however if we continue to do that that will create this problem of increased c o 2 and Global Warming and thats why it is very important to change the carbon cycle into a cycle where all the carbon that is fixed by photosynthesis by the plans for food or the scientific theory to make materials all this carbon is used and after you ideally it is. Going to end of a cycle a new and with an energy of sunlight new products can be made. Using nature and science to combat Climate Change and i just have to tend to techno im dr sinise im all right and i think the next time. The facts. On the planet could soon be lost. Its an International Team of scientists is determined not to let that happen without intervention give them the key i would say here to a vast now its a race against time to try and save species thank you crisis its an emergency plan. Extinction techno. For the last 2 years these students have been collecting rubbish every day its helped clean up the campus and helped build some of its facilities for every 2 kilos of Plastic Waste they collect the School Receives a brick made of plastic and cement. For some activists this may not be the most ecological way to eliminate the problems of plastic but this is seen as an immediate solution to the growing problems of landfills across the Country Waste can now be used to manufacture building materials. From ancient embryos to communist leaders. Age old philosophies and the rule of order remains central to the worlds oldest living civilization. In the 1st of a 2 part series the big picture charts how a history spanning vive 1000 years shaped chinas role in the industrialized world. The china complex post one on aljazeera. The latest news as it breaks all the holdings in its path what destroyed and this is all thats with details coverage for mexico elected a new president last year they did still largely with the promises that he would end the violence of the country and feel as journalism from around the world this rally was approved by play it out on the fact that large numbers of the other 3 rallies held in hong kong. Years violated his most basic responsibilities to the people you spoke of using. U. S. Democratic party leave. Does outline impeachment charges against president who says the case against him is weak. Hello welcome to aljazeera live from doha im dan is also coming up. Hundreds of saudi military aviation students are grounded in the u. S. After a shooting at a base in florida plus