How is Artificial Intelligence shaping our society from offices to living rooms devices with human like characteristics are quickly creeping into our lives the besides the benefits what are the risks and will they i take over the world one day this is inside story. Hello and welcome to the program im peter w. Now many of us interact every day with siri apples voice activated digital personal assistant siri can find information gives us directions sends messages plays music one example of how ai is becoming a bigger part of everyday life chances are its on all your devices can mimic areas of Human Behavior and could soon learn about our feelings and our emotions the key sentence there the key word mimic the machines are getting smarter of course but experts are divided as to when well move from basic ai to the scary stuff of Science Fiction if at all but there are real and relatively immediate threats almost 50 percent of american jobs are under threat over the coming 15 years and health care will probably get more expensive as ai increasingly gets involved in keeping you alive. Well banks are using it to detect fraud and predict changes in the stock markets is used by air Traffic Controllers to help ensure Flight Safety in the air and on the ground its helping the Police Forces around the world identify suspects from c. C. T. V. Images ai is also helping self drive cars to navigate road system one example of course tesla with its predictive capabilities machines that can identify images of being used by doctors to spot disease jobs done by humans are under threat to and they are increasingly being used to decide whether you will even get an interview in the 1st place so is the future excel or its towards us may be worth reminding ourselves the great design and great art well thats always been the reserve of us human beings biology it wasnt a machine that gave us the Sistine Chapel the pyramids of egypt or the works of. Aljazeera as Gabriel Elizondo has been to the designs for a different future exhibition it aims to encourage people to imagine a coming way of life very different to what we have today its an Art Exhibition not about the past not about the present but about imagining the future of everything like this 25 collaged passports proposing a system to allow people to temporarily exchange citizenship a critique of a world where goods and services freely cross borders where humans often cant. Its one of more than 75 exhibits by designers tackling issues of the future and the human condition at a major new exhibition at the pill adelphia museum of art it is a vast show that tries to ask a lot of questions without necessarily giving answers. When you come to an exhibition about the future you might expect to see things like this robots and there is one this is corey that looks at the interaction between robots and humans and Artificial Intelligence but this exhibition is also about a lot more these faces were created from d. N. A. Extracted from discarded cigarette ends and gum on the streets the designer using the Genetic Information to render the portraits there are several pieces related to food like these 2 salmon a larger genetically modified one next to a smaller organic one and a replica of stakes grown out of human cells from hospital waste both provocative ideas reflecting a future where food resources are strained the idea is to make people think about food as a cornerstone of human civilization and think about what will happen to food and the future of human diet as we start thinking about the big challenges that are lying ahead like Climate Change diversity loss and environmental pollution einstein once said he never thinks of the future because it will come fast enough in this exhibit designers are the ones bringing bare ideas for the future and not telling people what to think rather what to think about gabriels on doe. Philadelphia. Ok lets bring in our guests joining us from mass tricked on skype is catalina go on to assistant professor in private law at mass tricked university she also could manage is the master of law and tech lab at the boys ray is associate professor in residence at the Northwestern University here in cattle and author of automated journalism algorithms bots and complete ational colcannon titian and in berlin on skype caroline cinders is Machine Learning designer and a fellow at the Missoula Foundation and Harvard KennedySchool Welcome to you all caroline can i come to you 1st what we have at the moment is euphemistically known as narrow a what does that mean and perhaps i may not be perhaps the best person to define narrow i am but i also the way i try to look at Artificial Intelligence is through the ways that gen Product Designers and consumers engage with Artificial Intelligence. Teddyboy sri here in doha if and when they get stronger is it a done deal that it will outperform us human beings well i dont lists in these customers of these idea of Artificial Intelligence for a while have been. Really over excited of the idea of an artificial being been able to take on a number of activities and desks that we humans prefer not to do but i myself through my research i found evidence that makes me quite skeptical of the development of such technology in the short term and catalina coming to you when that happens how big an event how strong an event will that be so i very much alive it was just said the idea that were now looking at Artificial Intelligence as this blanket term that is supposed to really be everything and anything whereas actually and in practice Artificial Intelligence is right now simply a set of tools that will perform these tasks that were mentioned or that were given as examples before hand so tools like facial recognition or tools and methods like facial recognition like the hate speech recognition and some of these tasks are fairing much better than others and for those that already do very well we really need to try to understand what particular Legal Framework is necessary and here its very important to keep in mind that since Artificial Intelligence is nothing new its been around already for decades we already have quite a lot of rules that can be very very fitting so to go to your question. The kind of impact that these developments will have really depend on the accuracy of the methods and also the existing legal structures that we have in place caroline in berlin coming back to where are we with ai as of today i mean for you for example is facial recognition or worry because thats something that were reading im awful lot about now. Its a 100 percent its a wherry advice for me in particular i look through it again through this lens of consumer and consumer understandability exam reproduction so how how Artificial Intelligence is folded into a product or Product Design visual recognition through i mean theres various studies out there the one i when i love to cite is one from mit by joyce balaam a gender shades which looks at amazon and is on recognition i mean watson microsoft and i believe google as well and looking at how Computer Vision and facial Recognition Systems understand gender and then skin tone. Recognition but all of these systems but amazons recognition had a difficult time in recognizing darker skin tone so variety of different races and a harder time recognizing gender it performed best with white men and so when we think about like the the the pitfalls of facial recognition well imagine you know one the Emotional Trauma what it could feel like when this thing fails perhaps at a Border Crossing the more importantly what happens when there are failures what are the work around how that folded into a design what happens what is the extent of that harm and then going even further should we be using such error ridden technology on the general public and for the general public in Consumer Products so thinking about for for the end consumer. You know one of the harm of having something not be so accurate you know deployed at large to our users understanding how that system works and they understand an opt in or opt out and is it explained to them or is it kind of off you skated went wrapped up into the product itself and then 3. How how like what are those you know again where are these harms and is it something that they can ever inside of a Service Design opt out so is it something that so a part of the flow that theyre in much like different Border Crossing if they were to. Try to not use the product or the Technology One can they is it possible and to what are the steps to avoiding it so i think its important sort of see where these products sit in the world at large and then how systems are designed around them so you know problems with facial recognition as users are we aware when its being used and are 2 is there any potential for us to not engage with that if its being used in c. C. T. V. Cameras now right as an individual i cant have a certain c. C. T. V. Camera thats using facial recognition not work on me as an individual right so thats the way i think about is where the cues that user see what are you know how are these systems explained to them is it made legible what is legibility and how does design really to that and i think this is a bigger problem even outside of facial recognition but in a variety of products that use different kinds of Artificial Intelligence and if he raises a deeper question of do consumers understand the different kinds of Artificial Intelligence and then the Harms Associated with that and are those harms made by do any boy story here in doha what does it do or what will it do to the Global Workforce particularly if we can text julys the assertion in terms of say you know if youve got the workforce in china billions of people who work for very small salaries but if youve got to see a more sophisticated workforce manufacturing Something Else the impact might be completely different. Well but my question would be in return. Does this Technology Still allow to to have a more smarter more powerful workforce. To some extend just to kind of bring it back to the area of my recent research on the field of journalism this we know is the believe that you know having Artificial Intelligence embedded in the newsroom will i live aid you know journalist from very. Time consuming tasks but and freedom up to do perhaps more Investigative Journalism for instance and in reality this technology is at the as as they stand are unable to really produce a new story from scratch theyre still pretty much dependent on human authorise ation and journalists writing templates thats the problem is the problem to me is that Public Perception has been over excited with you know the promises of what Artificial Intelligence could could create of could produce but we are not still yet catarina go on to en mass straight just to go back to that idea that carolines innocent berlin was talking about if you have Automated Technology here im thinking about i have i have in my house automated an automated cleaner that comes out at 1 oclock in the morning if i program that to clean the house as fast as possible it might smash the coffee table it doesnt know what its done no harm done but if you have an automated drone aircraft dropping bombs the drone has anonymity and autonomy so the potential for catastrophe there is huge but the overarching principle of writing a program and instilling intelligence is much the same surely. Yes im very happy that youre bringing up all of these examples because theyre essential in understanding the differences between the harms that caroline was mentioning earlier the different harms that emerge out of different contexts so if youre speaking about Consumer Products so caroline was mentioning about facial recognition as maybe something that and be embedded i dont know an app like snap chat and actually it is already being embedded there but but that is very different indeed than having autonomy or automated highly or d partially Automated Systems that can be deployed in warfare so thats why from a legal perspective its very important to keep this context very specific because. The rules that normally apply also to the is feels theyre also very different so drones that attack Different Military forces that those are going to fall under or should fall in the future under humanitarian law rules whereas when were speaking about Consumer Products were also speaking about Consumer Protection and Product Liability and maybe to build on this idea but i think its very important for us to realize is that behind all of these industries and behind all of these markets there are Business Models that we have yet to fully comprehend im not sure how many of the audience members of todays show will be familiar with companies that do data and richmond because at the end of the day in order to deploy all of these technologies you just need data so that data harvesting approaches of kompany it can become more and more more and more d negative so they are going to try to get information about consumers about to comp unease from many different places and by they i mean these data and Regiment Companies so this is something very vital that right now is not being completely inks. Lawrence and i think that we really need more evidence in this respect what are the data brokerage models what are the economic incentives and economic interests that these markets are right now. Creating caroline does that mean that we should limit the intelligence of Artificial Intelligence because of where it may end up im not quite sure how we could limit the intelligence of Artificial Intelligence systems given that Artificial Intelligence isnt really that intelligent i think what it comes back to is the intentionality and as my cocounsels mentioned data brokerage and i even go even further thinking about data sets and who maintains them and how open they are and the end amenity of users within data sets its not necessarily about Artificial Intelligence it does actually come down to whats making up the ai system and in the context of where its use is so you know i think the previous answer was really fantastic answer separating Consumer Products that use automation versus weapons and war maybe at the very very very very basic level theyre using a similar kind of system or automation but in actuality theyre made in very different ways and theyre pulling from so many different kinds of things a big thing would be data set so the way a room but its design and the data set its trained on is probably very different extremely different than pursue a Predictive Policing Software right so i think its more important to think about the data sets and standards around what we consider fair or more balanced datasets like less biased data South Carolina to all just to get used to the closed for secondarily we have talked about data sets what youre talking about is the toolbox of human ask Decision Making the Artificial Intelligence utilizes when it has to take a decision on what it does next depending upon the process that its involved in at any particular moment. Somewhat yes so if i have a system using entire official Intelligence System you need data that data interacts with algorithms already or code itself right and then its trained label modeled etc. And so its not just like it is these Human Systems it is also thinking about well what what is the problem im trying to solve and then what data set did i use around that so predictive policing for example uses historical police data right its using older arrest history but we can unpack how there are so many. Like in accuracies even Human Rights Violations within that i speak from a very particular western context im from the United States im from louisiana which has the highest incarceration. Levels in the United States as a singular state and black people are overly policed in louisiana and so what were talking about if we look at predictive policing is a history of inequity right now how accurate is that that data sat the dataset of those prearrest those those previous arrests that is what is training thats whats training these predictive policing systems so we have to have a set of standards even in like what are the different parts of the equation that make up an Artificial Intelligence system ok that is also deeply looking at the data right is that a problem coming for politicians president s and prime ministers around the world because according to a recent study from Oxford University 47 percent of u. S. Jobs will be directly under threat within the next 15 to 20 years so point number one you can have a u. S. President with massive unemployment point number 2 those people who are massively unemployed who got a job theyre going to begin to question surely as some sort of Socio Economic psychological level for some i for because so many of us get purpose and function from having a place to go to during the day when we want to have a cup of coffee and go to work. Well think of Artificial Intelligence as embedded in many dimensions in your everyday life. So if you were to get home for instance and this idea of you know smart cities and intelligent houses and pretty much you know going back to word has just been said concerning. The all the Training Data that we are generating every day. Replicating inequalities replicate ing is generating exclusion so to some extent i think we still need to overcome a series of limits that Artificial Intelligence are still posing there really interesting initiatives in Different Countries to start thinking about ethics and. Official intelligence to make certain decisions. But before a this Artificial Intelligence is fully implemented and in the workforce or in the in the job market we really need to make sure that its equal you know there that doesnt replicate inequalities that is inclusive in that respond equally to the same group you know different groups of individuals and thats pretty much my concern ok is there another issue as well when weve got people who are unemployed their health is generally not as good as when they have purpose but all Health Care Providers around the world are kind of investigating a i but and this is kind of counter intuitive surely ai will actually make health care more expensive at points of delivery because youve got to have nurses and doctors who are trained on ai and that cost has to be passed on to somebody. Thats a very good example on tomorrow societal issue that its definitely blooming right now. d the thing with health care and ai is to my knowledge is im not necessarily a Health Health expert is that is again the market so if there are a lot of companies that really promote what what researchers in Computer Science would deem to be snake oil so products that are supposed to create predictions that actually are not very accurate then this is a very superficial inflation of this market that might. Perhaps result in these increased prices for our Health Care Payments however i think the medical sector again to my knowledge d has provided some of the most interesting examples of ai that actually works so doing doing a deep learning on various camps for instance is something that has a very High Accuracy and this is what researchers in this field are mentioning and if that is the case and this is the future of this industry where we can use. Automated tools to enhance human Decision Making and that is death really something that needs to be taken into account by the overarching system and this brings me to this question of Information Literacy that perhaps we can discuss with the other participants as well because this is what you are asking should all of these nurses and all of these doctors now be trained in ai well i would like to make a statement that might be a little bit. That maybe the other guests are going to disagree with but i think that everyone in society should have a better understanding of what is because every nation literacy is the only way in which we can take our own rights into our own house briefly caroline in telling caroline cinders are we heading towards a rubicon in as much as you have to be a human being you have to be biology you have to be 80 percent water to invent something but is already inventing things so when you go forward to apply for a pizza and you cant get that pizza and if youre a machine but when that does happen you will seem to be saying that will happen but when that does happen then the gloves are off. Theres so many things to unpack in that question thank you so much for it but i do want to take a 2nd and really reemphasize what kelli has talked about with tech literacy as legibility of these systems and i think moving forward thats when it should be so heavily focused on legibility in terms of policy legibility in terms of design then that does bring us back around to your question as a designer and an artist who makes things with Artificial Intelligence i view Artificial Intelligence as an extent of my paint box or my tool box if you well theres already art thats made by Artificial Intelligence but a human is more of like the director do we think films are any less beautiful if the director is directing but not necessarily right behind the camera or if the director is not acting in front of them we recognize that films are a system and a series of components that make up something were watching and i sort of advocate that in terms of art we can think of that as a similar way with Artificial Intelligence so someone has to make a decision about what how theyre going to use an Artificial Intelligence system in a specific kind of context ok i is is not like cannot make decision on its own. To really great researchers mean you dont want and. Day in and year out describe a guy like salt is a transformative ingredient but on its own its not really that interesting salt cant do a lot on its own it has to be activated or put into something so we should think about Artificial Intelligence like that and someone has to decide the new revolutionary way to use Artificial Intelligence to potentially apply for a patent and ai cant come up with an idea of ways revolutionary. Ok. We will have to leave it there but thank you so much for taking us through what may or may not happen with the intelligence thank you i guess they were kind of go on to eddie boy story and caroline cinders and thank you to you too for your company you can see the show again be the web site aljazeera dot com and you can join in the further ongoing discussion on our Facebook Page facebook dot com forward slash inside story you can also join the conversation on twitter handle is inside story im at peace with be one for me to be on the team here in doha thanks for watching so its more of like. On counting the costs the coronavirus and its impact on the. Spending billions of dollars to save trillions later from new york so we look at the cost of rising sea levels the oceans warm up divers improve our risk to. Come to the gulf on aljazeera. Dead and did you get the peace prize too soon. Is this going to hurt or help reelection chances for one thing you could shoot somebody on 5th avenue and not have any consequence this is not a muslim issue this is a huge. Issue join me as i put up from questions to my special guests and challenge them to some straight talking political debate here on aljazeera. 100 hours g. M. T. Here on aljazeera im come all santa maria with the headlines on the death toll from corona virus in china has now crossed 1800. 00 after a province the epicenter of the outbreak reported 93 new deaths across Mainland China 1800. 00 new cases were confirmed on monday the World Health Organization says the virus is less deadly than previous outbreaks like sas even though it is more infectious says 80 percent of those who contract show it will only have mild symptoms and will recover