O over the phone and that the 2 sides continued to cooperate in the future. But that the troops were being reduced in light of the growing capabilities of Iraqi Security forces to address terrorism in the country. And of course, eisel was officially declared defeated in 2017. But the coalition has still been engaged in fighting an insurgency and trying to contain sleeper cells that remain operational. If european governments as to Ground Forces are destroying bridges in an attempt to stop the militarys advance to their main city. This week, Prime Minister abi ahmed announced what he called a final offensive to end the conflict in the region. A chinese Coronavirus Vaccine is the latest to show success during early trials with such as say, the vaccine known as corona virus, could be suitable for emergency use during the pandemic. The British Government is under fire for its spending on safety equipment. After a watchdog Fund Companies recommended by politicians were more likely to be given covert 19 contracts. And tuesday, the u. K. Reported almost 600. 00 deaths. Thats the highest daily number since made for a former prodemocracy, politicians have been arrested in hong kong. Police are questioning ted hardly any jew and rape. Theyre suspected of destructing, a legislative meeting held in june to discuss a law which criminalizes any insult to the Chinese National anthem. Thousands of antigovernment protesters in thailand called the day after violent confrontations. They gathered as part of the debates, a roadmap, and possible amendments to the constitution. Thats a key demand of protesters along with the reforms to the monarchy. And those are the headlines coming up next inside story. Good bye. Promising sign in the fight against u. S. Drugmaker. Its vaccine is nearly 95 percent effective. Is there an end in sight to the Global Pandemic . This is inside story. Hello, welcome to the program, and its a 2nd potential covert 19 vaccine is raising hopes around the world. U. S. Drug maker, madonna, says trials have shown its vaccine is nearly 95 percent effective against the virus. Last week announced similar results, but many challenges remain. Regulators in the United States and elsewhere still have to approve the new vaccines. Then theres the question of supply and demand, as well as how to distribute billions of doses globally. And some countries may not even be able to afford them. But then as president spoke about the work that lies ahead its a really important milestone in the fight against the pendant. Because it demonstrates that our most senior morning 73. 00 is able to prevent covert 1000. 00 disease including severe disease in people whove received it. Its really just a milestone. We have a lot of work ahead of us knowing the vaccine is going to be effective is great news, but we still need to complete the regulatory process, which involves completing the study, generally more to follow up safety. And then of course, we need to get busy manufacture, with all the same courage and news about vaccines as a risk. Some may let their guard down when it comes to covert 19 measures. World Health Organization is encouraging people to keep Wearing Masks on socially distance. This is not the time for complacency. While we continue to receive encouraging news about corvee of 19 vaccines and remain cautiously optimistic about the potential for new tools to start to arrive in the coming months. Right now, we are extremely concerned by the surging cases we are seeing in some countries, particularly in europe and the americas. Now lets hear from the volunteers who took part in the dearness vaccine trial and how they feel about their experience. As a phase one trial participants, the purpose of that trial of the initial trial is to test safety in humans and i happened to be the 1st human to be injected with this trial that same and it was went great and i feel good and i was just kind of threw my name in america to see if this was something i can do to help america. And its been kind of ruined to see how badly this is for a lot of control in countries that are working down and taking the progression seriously. So its definitely something that could help the world if we can get this vaccine or else in fines or says it will start a pilot delivery scheme for its experimental vaccine. It will test distribution, methods across 4 states in the u. S. , rhode island, texas, new mexico and tennessee. But the company says, this doesnt mean those states will have preferential access to the vaccine. If approved, preliminary results show pfizers inoculation to be more than 90 percent effective. But it must be shipped and stored at minus 70 degrees celsius. Lets bring in our guests in grendel wald in switzerland is dr. Anneliese wilder smith, professor of emerging Infectious Diseases at the London School of hygiene and tropical medicine. And shes also a consultant to the initiative of Vaccine Research at the world Health Organization in can each or in morocco is as a teen ebrahimi. Hes director of the Biotechnology Lab at robot medical and pharmacy Pharmacy School and mom of the 5th university. Joining us from london is oksana. Shes lead at University College london, Global Citizenship program on outbreaks of infectious disease. Welcome to you all and always a 1st of all. If i can start with you, modernity figures are based on the 1st 95 participants who fell sick. 90 of them had received the placebo. So is that enough for people to confidently say the vaccine is 94. 5 percent effective . So these are the results of the interim analysis, baseball a smaller event sized, the soul of the company has announced it will continue its trial and till they have reached the prespecified number of events when they then will do the final analysis. Once you have a final analysis, you can really look at the entire, you know, number of participants and look at have a better at, at advocacy and safety. Also in and some populations like the old arrow or those with cuomo, bit hes. But indeed, the interim analysis do look promising. As a dean, you think it looks promising . Why i think so, i think basically because theyre the vaccines, a lot of them actually went through the phase one that was the toxicity to face through. And it shows some difficulty. That was a really good and now we have to 1st result to churn. A good result actually, i think between pfizer and between more, there are the results are very good. 90 percent of the population is actually having the antibodies against the cough too. And they think whats going to happen to agree by with my colleague actually we want to sue see the numbers, they create the numbers to have a clearing of the air. And i think the sum population is something very good. They just want to remind everybody and provide the public. Thats when the best thing, the best poxy that we are looking for. Action is the back seat. We have no adverse drug reaction or an adverse immunization reaction. And the 2nd think will be that something that would be personalized since without sap, thats yet it will be some adverse reaction. And we can talk about that. But i think finally that the result that are here are very encouraging. And i think more company, more companies are coming with the results. And as you know, also want to do ask you 5, use this r. N. A. Method. What just for the layman, what is this and why is it so significant . Why i think its a great, great news. I think im more excited about the fact that this 2 Companies Use this technology. That is another company in germany was in the sense college because its open ups, this era of genetic therapy, genic, gentlemen, therapy or things like that. And reminded me undermined everybody that this year the lower price was the bounce, crisper cost mine. That is a Technology Actually that aims to correct some of the genetic defects. So whats happened is instead of having and then titian introduce to it the body like have an inactivated virus or through at the no virus which we do actually is bring into our, in a misanthrope thats used the genetic called kind awful for that kind of proteins and bring gets into the sense and be able actually to create into the center of the human sense to have dentures in and have the 2 bodies actually produced. And thats people can see in a few years, maybe just acknowledge it can be used to produce protein as drugs and maybe correct some genetic defects. Oxana, were talking about billions of doses of vaccine that will be needed ultimately, what are the main components needed to make the vaccine practically, is going to be short supplies of things like a lot re, agents and vials and syringes. One of those challenges, what youve highlighted perfectly, some of the logistical challenges that some countries will face for a manufacturing perspective, even the basics that i forget what goes into the vaccine itself, including the regions, the active pharmaceutical in greedy and the persons, etc. What we will be looking at is just even the supply of syringes and many countries in the world already. Since the beginning of the pandemic have faced shortages of essential supplies, there we go back to mark,, remember how hard it was to trace p. P. E. , that diagnostic tests, etc. Not also opened a big gap in the market for not only substandard but falsified products to enter. And this will of course, be an issue once a vaccine does become available to the wider population. Due to the sheer demand, there has never been a Mass Vaccination Campaign at base scale and within this time frame before. So we cannot underestimate how difficult that is going to be. But the w. Cho, through the kovacs facility, is working with 186 countries and economies to be able to really be focused on manufacturing as well as purchasing doses in order for this distribution to be a bit more equitable. Because as you know, this is a biloba pandemic. We cant just focus on a vaccine reaching one part of the world, but not the other, because that will continue to cross borders and reinspect, and ultimately it will prob long the pandemic. So the larger challenge after it clears the final safety hurdles, will also be around ensuring that these its fragile. Pharmaceutical supply chains in some parts of the world are strengthened, which will mean will also have to increase regulatory cassidy ok. And all these, what percentage of the population are we going to have to vaccinate for this to work and class . Does it if the vaccine is more effective, can you get away with vaccinating less people to say . What about or not, please correct me if im wrong. So india does a lot of thinking going around how best to use this vaccine at a time when we know that initially we have limited vaccine supply and b. Know that most of the deaths or, and a severe disease and customizations, i. C. U. Care is needed for the older age group, so the initial priority then would be 1st to, you know, ednas it in that scene to those at highest risk of severe disease outcomes. But also acknowledging that Health Care Workers at putting that life at stake for the sake of society that we want also to honor their service. We would also offered to the Health Workers very early on, even when we have limited vaccine supply. And that is their protection. Ok. As a team, how quickly has the development of these back vaccines been compared to the time it takes normally for, for other vaccines. Why i think theres a good question, but they were looking like its just a come back to the whole reviews question just to say thats we can have an impact on the clinical parts. If we can actually get to 20 percent of the population that needs actually to get protected, since we dont have the virus actually for 80 percent of the population, we actually dont have any great sometimes or severe symptoms. Only 20 in the summer had to be exact, whether ticks so young. So if we can target actually this 20 percent for the 1st phases of where we dont have a lot of not seen, it would be great because we could not reach the 7565 percent for that. It did in your logical approach that we could get. And the clinical impact, and for the quickness i think if it was very quick and she would get through that. And that was one of the things that lots of the un team boxes actually got to. Its and talked about it. But i have to remind everybody thats really why we got there. So because we have great experience in the chinese and efficient population, thats a Good Research and actually gets a great experience with the source code. Wonder 1st one. And even we, they started before since 2003, beginning with the new approaches for to have the vaccine. So yes, soon as we get this infection in you hand, whats happened in 6 days, we were able actually to have the genomes of this virus says, and in 60 days in china, actually we were able actually to get to Clinical Trials and out the thing that was really interesting, thats the political conditions actually to bring together in lots of cases face to interface, treat. And the other thing, why are we going to get the virus quick, sort of the vaccine quickly. It was like and, and then implementation or accommodation for all companies thats got to the 3rd phase to start production and lots of countries put the money into it. So its why we hopefully we get almost in the year we get for a vaccine. I think its a big victory, not just for this companys best for humanity to get to this kind of results in one year. Oksana versus 4 phases of testing. I understand if you can very quickly take me through them. But answer the question, but china and russia have approved the vaccine some vaccines without waiting for the face 3 results. Is that a risk worth taking . Well, so the face 3 result is, is the largest part of the trial. It has the, the most amount of people in it. So phase one in 2 is mostly focused on smaller groups to see about it, whether its safe to continue and whether, what the dosing should look like. And then face 3, we take it into to the largest Population Group constable and with diversity, and included in not with the material vaccine and the pfizer vaccines. We did have over 40 percent of different type population, which is really in or to understand how the vaccine can work in different groups. And so in this, at phase 3 trial, even when we get towards the end of it, it still may not may make what happens in the real world are still things that dont translate in terms of the levels, etc. And that is simply a statistic here, but it does give us an understanding about the overall safety and the speed of which this has gone through is one that is world. Its a world record. But i would also like to add that, you know, these are circumstances in which the world has not, in least in modern recent times, has had to face. We look at the current the evidence that has come up, that our other panelist, it talks about how quickly we went from mapping the genome into into those phase one trials. And. But there will be, this will be the most scrutinized data that will be published in history as well. So theres no room to hide everything. All eyes of the world are going to be on these 210. 00 that seem candidates, 47. 00 of which are in human faces of the trial, that space one to 3. And then we have 10 that are really at the front runner. Its there towards the end of the face 3 trials and we see really positive early in her results as well. So from my argument about the safety aspect is not that anything has changed from a standards perspective. Their standards remain high, and theyre specially high for vaccines because were in uniting people who are not sick. So the, the, the rigorous standards are even more so than for any other type of medical product. About what is different is that the world has screeched to a halt. All of the hard sudoku industry researcher scientists have been focused on a singular problem. Other r. And d. Development has been put on cars in order to get a vaccine. And thats whats possible. This is the speed that is possible when we really shift our focus there in terms of whether the safety has been compromised. Certainly not. Well, despite the unprecedented scrutiny that the research has been under, that exxon is referring to, there will be people who are nervous. This is all happening too fast. I dont mean on t. V. Axis. I mean, people who are just worried, how do you persuade them on a lease to, to, to have the job. I think the most Important Message has been no, we did not cut corners. We went as fast as we needed to. But also as slowly as we needed to be. So the difference to the past is that of course, theres more money involved, more resources dedicated, and it compressing timelines by not going sequentially, you know, face one that they saw and they say, but that we have compressing the time. Im speculating, a lot in parallel. So for example, the policy deliberations and ive had a letter stopped it before we had faced the trial so that we are ready for the time. And if a stream results out. So i think we have to keep all the big question that we meet we, its all as preagreed and were all sticking to it and, and well be doing it, you know, at unsafe safety while the train and i are not cutting corners as a teen. Those were surveyed in france yesterday, the half of french people would not want to be vaccinated against covert 1000 at the moment. How do you persuade them . Well, its wasnt really a surprise in actually because there is a, a nature medicine paper that came out like cherington looked over. And the paper actually was saying that almost 71 percent of the, the work population it was done on absolutely like sent countries. But the most populated countries and this countries the got the average of 71 percent who accepts actually to take the vaccine, but will surprising that in france is a really this kind of numbers. But i think its the people who are for the 1st sign take in their lives seriously and look in not to the experts or give them the answer, but the other way in the risk benefits themself. And i think its just the test will take time actually indicating people i was a reader surprised looking at this paper because in the u. S. It was 71 percent were women actually to take the the vaccine. And in france, actually we were around 50 percent, and i think thats news us actually to engage the community is something very important if we cannot be of distrust between us scientists and between the population explaining to them that absolutely. If we dont explain all this adverse to immunization effect, that really gets because we go to the billions of people. If we not communicates correctly with them, i think were not to get easily to the must next nation. I think thats a very interesting thanks. Even if we get the logistics, if it would get through that, mr. Ration if we would get to the vaccination, if we dont get people to mistrust the, the population trusts it will be very difficult to the point. Persuading people to be vaccinated, if theyre on the foreseen problems or in a vaccine, one of those problems, usually a pair, is it in these clinical testing stages or is in weeks, months, years further down the line . Well, its very common for firms, especially new medicines to be monitored over their, at a time. So likely, in this instance, anyone whos receiving a vaccine there will be monitoring for 2 year period in your doctors, pharmacists there usually have a Monitoring System here in the u. K. We have the yellow card through the m h r a, which is our regulatory body to really assess what type of problems may arise in the future. Its not possible for everything to be caught in a clinical trial. However, what we do have in terms of the history of vaccines, is that the benefits far outweigh any risks and so far in a clinical trial. The 1st facts have been really limited to wards and site injections and irritation of the skin really mild issues. However, once we do broaden to a wider population, there could be further information that is gathered. And again, at this, this is something that will be closely monitored in every country. But if we look through the history of vaccines, really significant problems from vaccination. How that has not been the main story here. Mostly what weve seen is that we have been able to almost eradicate polio which the memory, the history of that, especially for many young people cant really think about what an irony long even looks like. So again, throughout things like also color, which is and has been such a killer. All of these means that our Life Expectancy has grown and improved around the world with almost a very little were negligent amount of adverse effects. But this will be closely monitored as a dean. What are some of the challenges going to be for delivering the vaccine from factory to all, particularly some of the light where you are yourself morocco in the developing world, which doesnt have available resources that european or the north american countries. My. I think its a great question actually just bringing on the plane a vaccine would be a very big challenge. Actually. Its why i think its well, since the beginning they think that w. H. O. Recommendations were a very great and this is because its really helped each country actually to have its own strategy. Its capacity to do it so that logistic is very important things there and theyre not thinking about also or just morocco, but africa in general. I think if you have a vaccine like them or their no one where you were like the pfizer, one, what are you wearing will need actually 83 months, 80 refrigerators freezers. Its going to be tough to have this kind of vaccine in nafi cars. So i think its more classical approaches for what seems like the one that developed by astra zeneca or sing a farm would be something more appropriate for countries in, in morocco. So i think its a, something thats we can you have each country has to have its own strategy to do its protect. Think that africas will be looking to the w. H. O. To give them the best recommendation for that. And also very quickly from you on elise as well. The challenges of delivering this vaccine to places with really heavy out concentrated outbreaks like india, pakistan other developing world countries. What are those challenges . Oh so so, so many challenges because this is now unlike the Child Vaccination Program where we have the expertise, we have the track record, we have to make an excellent place here be a 1st time getting, you know, hold hold of people. So for countries that have experience in delivering influenza vaccine, they actually can, you know, to all the people they can, that they can use that experience now to roll out to commit 1000 maxin as well. And just let you know as a dummy to a developed am like a country Readiness Assessment tool as a government need to look at this. Do we have our event and do we know how to deal or do we know how to, you know, stuart this with, with the culture cold chain requirement that, well actually both, both the 1st front has been a vaccines have do we have enough there . And. d how do i really get to them very old, and how do i deliver to Health Care Workers in a big Hospital Systems . And as a lot of work going on, this training modules now, just now i in fact i attended a simulation exercise. So we, its all countries need to go through a similar relation. Exercise is now in preparedness of the, these 1st 2 or 3 or 4 vaccines to be approved, you know, within probably by december or early january. Ok, well unfortunately, we are out of fun. The so much more to discuss, but well be back on this subject many times, im sure, but for the moment, thanks to all our guests on alis wilda smith as Edina Brahimi and oksana, pizz ache, and thank you too for watching. You can see the program again any time by visiting our website, aljazeera dot com and for further debate, go to our facebook page. Facebook dot com forward slash a. J. Inside story. You can also join the conversation on twitter. We are at a. J. Insights from me. Bernard smith and the entire team here, but i one of the most wanted men on the planet. He masterminded a 4500000000. 00 fraud and want to put him in jail, but you cannot help being in the past just 0 reveals never before heard recordings implicating some of the worlds most powerful players. Everyone almost would benefit by the abuse of power and corruption, jolo hunt for a fugitive on a just, you know, for me out there theory, london to a path and income that they can take. The american state that theyve unprompted on interrupted all of these, these divisions of the working class of working people. And they keep us from realizing our collective power, morally capponi to make. Then if you obey the market for 30 years, you begin to worship it. And believe it has power over your lot, judy, a great day to find out if they are wrong and horrible. And of all top news stories, the u. S. Has confirmed. It will reduce the number of troops in afghanistan in iraq by mid january. This leaves both countries with around 2500 soldiers. Senior officials expressed concern about the plan. When a full team has more from baghdad, the office of the Prime Minister here in iraq published a statement saying that the Prime Minister spoke to secretary of state mike pompei o. Over the phone and that the 2 sides continued to cooperate in the future, but that the troops were being reduced in light of the growing capabilities of Iraqi Security forces to a