A 2nd 5 year term in office 2 of his main challenges of accused of the trying to rig the fact. These elections also happening under the threat of violence by armed groups linked to al qaida and eisel, and interests as more than that. Hundreds of thousands of them have been disenfranchised because of the ongoing violence in the north and the east. These people have been forced out of their villages. Some have moved to safer areas. Some have trouble as far as to the capital, want to go to seek safe havens. And right now we hear that nearly 1600 villages have been affected. And the Election Commission has early on and i was that it will not be able to conduct voting in hundreds of villages like that. And as a result, hundreds of thousands of working obvious will not be able to vote. Well the headlines opposition parties in pakistan are holding a major rally in pasha up calling on Prime Minister imran khan to step down. Thats despite a government ban on public gatherings to try to curb rising coronavirus. Tennessees a federal judge in pennsylvania has thrown out a lawsuit filed by the Trump Campaign that sought to exclude millions of mail in ballots. The judge says the lawsuit failed to provide evidence of voter fraud. And the u. S. Centers for Disease Control is urging people not to travel for the thanksgiving holiday on thursday because of the pandemic. The United States is the worst affected country in the world with more than 12000000 infections in a quarter of a 1000000 deaths. However, millions of people are expected to ignore the warnings. California has imposed a state wide curfew requires people to stay at home at night. All hail the algorithm is coming up next on aljazeera and then the recall will have the news for you at 10100 hours g. M. T. On countering the cost sambir becomes the 1st african nation to default on its debts. In the pandemic era, other steps pile up, Central Banks think the unthinkable. Negative Interest Rates plus brazil is dumped out of the rankings of the worlds top 10, economies. Countering the cost of aljazeera. There is a huge group of people at work behind our screens. They called behavior architects, dissuasive designers or User Experience specialists, and the power they have is massive that urge to keep swiping through a twitter feed. Thats designed the way we all click. I agree to the terms and conditions thats designed, swiping left or right on tinder. Thats designed to we live in an online world of someone elses making. And most of us never even give it a 2nd. And actually, thats design as well. San francisco, its the mecca for tech designers. Silicon valley. This place pioneered the art of constructing, optimizing, and enhancing a lot of the technology we use every day. Its turbo charge, the speed at which we use the internet and made navigating the way more ensuring. But its also given us a full sense of security. Ive lost count of the number of times ive clicked. I agree to get into a website. We all have to do it as we speed around the internet. We face hundreds of these annoying pop ups and consent forms all demanding a response from us. And yes, i call them annoying because that is exactly what they are. They may look like that theyre there to provide us with control, but the reality is far from it. When users click on, i agree to the terms and conditions that they see a Privacy Policy and they click on it. They may think that theyre actually being given control of their personal data. What to collect it, how would she used . And its advantageous to companies for them to do that, because if something bad happens, the tech company could then say, you actually agreed to this, nobody ever reads the terms of service. No one should ever be expected to. If we actually tried to read every terms and conditions agreement that we came across, its probably the only thing we would do. It would have to be our day job because for so long we come into so many and may have the veneer of giving controlled through data subjects. But ultimately its window dressing. What a hot saga is, what youd call a school of design. Hes been studying the psychology ethics and legal implications of new technologies. One area he specializes in is start of protection and privacy. Now, before we get into this, theres a key term you need to know informed consent. This is a principle that comes up a lot in discussions of our rights online, but its easier to explain in the context of medical surgery. A doctor explains potential risks and worst Case Scenarios to the patient. Once you fully informed you have the option to consent to sergio not in the online world. The informed consent is what everyone says ideal. But he said even possible consent only works under a very narrow set of conditions. And thats when the decision is infrequent. Like with surgery, so we dont have surgery all the time. Its when the risks are visceral, there are things that we can easily conjure up in our minds. And then finally the harm is possibly great. So if things go wrong with surgery, you could get sick or you could die. So weve got an incredible incentive to take that decision seriously. But of course, none of those things are present in the data ecosystem. We make decisions quite frequently. 10100 times a day. Harms are not visceral at all, they are incredibly opaque. And finally, the harm is not even that great because the private modern privacy harms arent huge. Their death by a 1000 cuts, the spin from Silicon Valleys that their own asaad when it comes to how we control our daughter. Long privacy policies are very confusing. And if you make it long and spell out all the details, then youre probably going to reduce the percent of people who read it. However, take a closer look at the design of the buttons in the pups that when they click, and its clear that the Tech Companies have the upper hand in the dot, a better design is power. And every Single Design decision makes a certain reality, more or less likely. And what Tech Companies and psychologists and other people have known for years is that defaults are notoriously sticky. And so if you design the interface so that all the defaults are set to maximize exposure, then youre going to get a lot more data in the aggregate than you would if you said all the defaults to privacy protective. Because people dont go in and change them. So until we fundamentally change the incentives, were still going to see companies manipulating the design of these buttons and these technologies to ensure that you still keep disclosing data and that they still keep getting whats the lifeblood of their business. Most of us assume that when we go on a website and click that, i agree, but the site simply collects information that we voluntarily choose to share. In reality, there are many ways to dot a collection and the mechanics of it are invisible, hidden by design, the study, it isnt just the website you are on, thats money inclination. There are socalled, 3rd party advertisers, markets and analytics agencies. Also tracking, using tiny bits of software beacons, pixel tags, they scoop up incredibly detailed information. Everything from the computer using to how long you hold for a fairly. Honestly its a bit, mind boggles. And all you really did was click about informed consent is a fundamentally broken regulatory mechanism for algorithmic accountability. It allows companies to continue to throw risk back onto the user and say, you know, heres a, heres a pop up ad. Heres a pop up banner that tells you about cookies that no one reads and nobody really even cares about yet. We push forward this regime as though it matters to people. As though, if, if someone clicks, i agree, then theyre magically ok with all the Data Processing thats going to come afterwards. Which is a little bit of a joke. And if a little bit of a legal fiction yet its a major component of every, almost every Data Protection framework around the world. Once youve crossed the i agree hurdle. Now in the clutches of the web site. And this is where design takes on a whole new level of importance. The job is to keep one of the most successful innovation in my ballin website design is something called infinite scroll. We only see it every single day. I think a little scroll and see through, youll see without even needing to click im on my way now to meet the creator of this function. His name is as a rascal. Now he no longer works inside be tickled, gratian in early 2018, he cofounded the center for humane technology. All of our apps, all of so Compelling Companies are competing for our attention. And because its such a cutthroat game trying to get our attention where, you know, tens of billions of dollars they have to increasingly point more powerful computers at our heads to try to frack us for that attention. And weve all had that experience of going to you tube and you think im going to watch one video and then like, somehow you shake your head an hour has passed like what . Why, how is that the technology has hypnotized us. This tech unitized nation is key to whats called the attention economy. Our attention is a finite currency in the online world, and its only as long as websites and apps have our attention that they have our business and our data, the attention economy is just this. It says, if we are not paying for product well, to come to have to make something money somehow, how do they do it . They do it by selling our attention to advertisers or to other groups that want to do something. Theyre trying to make the systems as effective as possible at influencing your decisions. They collect as much information is about you as they can. Like who your friends are, how you spend your time. Often theyll munge it with like, how will you spend your money . If you take all of this data to build a model of you imagine like a little simulator of you that lives in the facebook server and then they can put things in front of it. Be like, are you more likely to quit this, this or this . Or if we want to get you to hate immigration, what kind of message would you are going to resonate with this message or this message . And you can see how this like this or the begins just this race for it. For your attention ends up becoming an entire economy is worth of pressure with very smartest minds in engineering. And the biggest supercomputers trying to make a model of you to be able to influence the kinds of decisions youre going to make. A few years ago you tube set a company wide objective to reach 1000000000 hours of viewing a day. Netflix created read, hastings has also said multiple times, that the companys biggest competitor isnt another website. Its sleep. So what happens when you give algorithms the goal of maximizing our attention in time online . They find our weaknesses and exploit them. In 2017, sean parker, a Founding Member of facebook and its 1st president , literally confessed to this at an event. How do we consume as much of your time and conscious attention as possible . And that means that we need to sort of give you a little dope. I mean here every once in a while, because someone like her commented on a photo or a post or whatever. And thats going to get you to contribute more content. Its a social validation feedback loop that its like. I mean, its exactly the kind of thing that a marker like less of would come up with because youre exploiting a vulnerability and human psychology. No, its not as though Silicon Valley pioneered the tricks and tactics of addiction, a persuasive design. Many tech designers openly admit using insights from behavioral scientists of the early 20th century. At the concept of randomly scheduled rewards study developed by american cycle of just b. F. , skinner. In the 1950 s. , he created whats become known as the skin of books, a simple contraption, he used to study pigeons and even raccoons. At the start of the process, a pigeon is given a food. Every time it picks the would pick or turns a full circle when the word turnip is. As the experiment proceeds, the rewards become less frequent. They take place at random, but by that time the behavior has been established. The pigeon keeps pecking or turning. Not knowing when it might get the reward, but in anticipation that or award could become the boxes were pivotal in demonstrating how design had the power to modify behavior. And if randomly scheduled rewards work for pigeons. Why not humans . Skinners concept is, in fact at the heart of a lot of addictive design from casino machines such as slot machines to social media. Smartphones are unnervingly similar to stop machines. Think about your facebook, instagram, a painter, speeds. We all swipe down polls and then wait to see what will appear when back to those randomly scheduled wards. Again. Just what could result in a new comment on a photo or would you like or a piece of spam or software update. We dont really know. And if that unpredictability, that makes it so addictive. Natasha dashiell is a cultural anthropologist who spent more than 15 years studying the algorithms behind persuasive design. Just like on a slot machine, when youre texting or when youre looking through the news feed, you really never know whats coming down the pike. You never know when youre going to sort of hit that jackpot, so to speak. When its coming and how much itll be. So the randomness is very important to keep you hooked in. I think the fact that were damn bullying money in a casino isnt really that different than what were doing. Because in both cases, what were really gambling is our attention and our time. Right and across the board. Were sitting there sort of hoping for some little reward to never knowing when its going to in all cases where were sort of sitting alone with the machine. Theres no natural stopping point. I think that the similarities are quite striking. We check our phones over 150 times a day or it just like put out put up. Its the 1st thing we look at when i wake up. The last thing we look at before we go to sleep is like were glued to it, and thats, thats by design. We know how, like over 2000000000 skinner boxes in peoples pockets. We are running the largest experiment like psychological experiment that the world has ever seen by orders of magnitude one out of every 4 human beings on earth has a skinner box, which is learning how to uniquely target them. Super fascinating in the abstract but sort of tariff. When you think about what its doing, the research is being done. The evidence is clear that Digital Technology is being designed with the intention to make us attics. Its not a secret in the tech industry. 2 of the biggest tech because bill gates and the late steve jobs admitted they consciously limited the amount of time their children were allowed to engage with the products they helped create. The problem is real, but the media can often sensationalize the issue of tech addiction and make it harder for us to understand. Think the reason people root maybe reach for the metaphor of crack cocaine is because they see that as a sort of high speed, hyper intensive form of addiction. And you know, while i dont use that metaphor myself, i do think that within the spectrum of media addictions, there are certain ones that are more high potency, you could say. And those are, you know, if were going to use the language of addiction, they have a higher event frequency. Think about horse race, right . You go to the track and youve got to really wait for that event to happen if you are rapidly engaged in an activity such twitter thread that is more high potency, it has a higher event frequency, which means each event has an opportunity to draw you in more to reinforce that behavior more so i think we really can apply the language of addiction to these different media. I have a ongoing frustration which is that whenever i and still for a 2nd, i have this impulse to reach into my pocket and pull out my phone and then i get angry at myself because i say thats, thats not right. Just just enjoy this moment, right . Just be, be with yourself for a 2nd. And then i get angry at myself that my phone has that much power over me, right. And im angry that im subject to the design of a technology in such a way that i have difficulty sort of resisting its allure. But of course, everything about these technologies is built to, to, to create that impulse, to make it feel as though its irresistible. Its, theres such emphasis put on the free choice and being able to be a consumer and you make decisions in the marketplace about what you want to do because you have free will. But at the same time, the very people who are promoting that notion of the person as a consumer sovereign are operating and designing their technology with a very different human subject in mind. Its somebody who can like a rat or a pigeon, or any other animal, be incentivised and motivated and hooked and have their attention redirected. And thats really interesting to me because it is a kind of return to skinner. I think you wouldnt have heard that in the eightys or ninetys that would have even been creeping. You to think about someone designing your behavior. But now its become accepted that you can be a behavior designer. And behavior design was one part of what as they used to do in a previous life. However, he is now one of a growing number of industry insiders who are taking a more critical stance to silicon. Just talking to him, left me wondering does he regret his part and want to be like humble about it. If i had invested it, would it be invested . I just havent been the right place at the right time. I think about the right kind of thing. Yes, i do regret it, but i do think it talks to like the naive 80 of being like, oh heres just a cool feature and making it. And even if its great for the user without thinking about the effects, itll happen if you can scale it up to 100000000 people or 1000000000 people where this little thing that i went around to like twitter and google and all these other companies. That guy who should adopt this now is wasted, quite literally hundreds of millions of human hours. Im sure all of us have had someone say to us, stop looking at your phone or why you so we dictate to social media. And before i started this series, i thought maybe there was something wrong with me. I just had no idea how deliberately designed our online experience is and how these design algorithms are made to lessen its. I asked everyone i spoke to, how do we change this . Can we change how Online Design works . Regulation cannot be expected to happen on its own within these corporations, right . Who are profiting from this because there is just too deep of a conflict of interest. And so the only viable kind of regulation is going to have to come from the outside. We have to have a public conversation about what is actually going on in these products. How are they working . And once we understand that as a collective, what do we want to limit and constrain . So if you start with the assumption that people are never going to fully understands the risks of algorithms and the way in which that interacts with the data, then we have to think about what else might work in its place. And the Data Protection regimes like the general Data Protection regulation are a great foundation. And one of the ways in which we could really improve upon that is to embrace or a trust basis. So instead of putting all of the risk on the user, the requirements of protecting people would fall on the big company that is using the algorithms thats using the data. I think there is going to be a huge shift from just human centered design, as we call it in our field is like put the human at the center which is was a big movement to thinking about human protective design. We say that the tools were building are so powerful that they cause real damage to us, individually for mental health, to our relationships, to our children. And to us society toward democracy means to having civil discourse. And that move to human protective doesnt care for me, as i think is super hopeful because then we can actually have technology which does what it was supposed to the 1st place which is extend our best so if youre concerned about the ways in which data is being collected an algorithm is, are being used to affect your life. There are 3 things i think you can do. One, use the tools that are given to you. Use privacy dashboards, use to factor authentication, which is really valuable to be more deliberate in critical about the ways in which Companies Companies are asking for your information. And the devices that you adopt from the services you participate in, understand that companies are trying to tell you things through design. And theyre trying to make things easier or harder and think about whether you want things to be easier. And one of the costs of making things easier, and i understand that companies are trying to get your consent because their entire business depends on it. And so think about that as you go forward. And finally, i think that design and consent and privacy and algorithms need to be a political issue. And so if someones running for office, ask them what their stance is on algorithmic accountability. Ask them what their stance is on privacy and data collection. Because if we get better rules about how the data is collected, not rhythms are used and we might all be better off. Were at this Inflection Point where our technology is beginning to make predictions about us that are better than the predictions we make about ourselves. And one of the best ways of binoculars and is by learning about ourselves more dislike, stop and really ask yourself like before you post something to paste poker into. Im like what, why am i doing this . Like, what are my motivations . If you sort of like slow down your thought process, often ive found that itll be like, oh, i am pulling this app out because im a little bit bored or everyone else has pulled up their phones and feeling a little socially awkward. Oh, thats curious. Or maybe like im having this experience and i sort of want to show off just a little bit. And just like stopping and thinking about like what are my motivations for doing things. I found to be a great, an occupation for spending my time in ways that i wish i had. Ill just say that i recommend having a general attitude shift where you understand yourself as an organism, as a creature that can like any other number of creatures and animals be turned in certain directions. Have your attention swayed, caught, captured, hooked. I find it liberating to recognize all of the forces that are exerting these different powers on me. She turn my attention one way or another and somehow realizing that helps me to disconnect a lot because it makes me a little bit angry. And i dont feel so bad about myself, i feel bad about whats being done to me. And then i am more able to disconnect. 19 is a Public Health crisis that has been compounded by capitalism, navigates the Big Questions raised by the global pandemic. How is a system based on private ownership and the pursuit of profit . So the world in a time of us, capitalism is the pandemic. That so much of the suffering exploited to protect the people for the profit episode, one of the full hail the meltdown on its the disease because thats children that need to see childhood and used to see that as the sun goes down, russia is a very challenging place the work force is not allowed to peacefully march a mile away on a story. One of the most wanted men on the planet. He masterminded a 4500000000. 00 fraud and want to put him in jail. But you cannot help being in past ages 0 reveals never before heard recordings implicating some of the worlds most powerful players. Every one poster would benefit by the abuse of power and corruption jolo for a few good to come and just, you know, france once had, a vast empire spanning several continents. But by the 1940, s. , the french were forced to confront reality and to moms dependence. And a fast part of a new documentary series, aljazeera looks at how the colonial unrest, conflict a nonjury up and full scale war in indochina. Blood into his french to colonize ation on aljazeera. Every this is aljazeera. This is the news hour live from doha, coming up in the next 60 minutes Ethiopian Army says its planning to encircle the capital of tikrit, a region as rebels valves to hold firm against government advances. Another setback for u. S. President double trump has he loses a lawsuit aimed at blocking joe bidens win in pennsylvania. Millions of people had to the polls and mccain afonso, but threats on