Transcripts For CSPAN Immigration 20240713

People handled . Just to give you a few numbers to think about as we start off, according to the un, there are 272 million migrants in the world, so were talking about people who have moved from country to country. That is a large number. 3. 5 of the global population. But another number more striking is 70 million displaced persons and if you think about that, we are living at a time where we see more people forced out of their lives and out of their homes, sometimes out of their countries than at any time in history, we see these people on the move. Over half of them, over half of the refugees that are in other countries are from three countries, syria, afghanistan and south suzanne. South sudan, which is also really striking. When you think about what this means for policy, obviously has to be policy for handling refugees, policy for migration, policy for immigration of people who are not refugees. The country still today, the at has the largest foreignborn population is the United States. Statistics, 2015 the last i saw, over 12. 5 of the u. S. Population born in a foreign country over 39 million people. That is quite substantial. So we are a nation of immigrants and we are still a nation of immigrants. That puts a premium on what is the right immigration policy. So to address these questions and any other questions that they want to address and any other that you and the audience may have, we have a terrific group of people. Political science i believe. And we have an richard is a former secretary for population refugees and migration and adjunct professor at georgetown university. At a former director of human rights first is of the Georgetown Law School having a chair in human rights. We cover the gamut of all of these different issues of all of the people on this panel. You is i just spent a little time describing the nature of this phenomenon little bit of the problem. But in your own words, and maybe was there with you. What is going on and why are so many people moving and what are our responsibilities. I think you have accommodation, and one of the problem is basically. We need for mike to be working. [inaudible]. Quote why we figure this out will get some Technical Assistance on stage and i will cause the same question to peter. So give us a sense peter, how you see the phenomenon here of global migration. It will come back to you professor. What you see happening this phenomenon of People Living and what is causing it. What are our responsibilities. Obviously a lot of factors. We have political instability in various places around the world for sure. Overlooked, we have increasing standards of living around the world. And while we typically, think of immigrants as people being driven by desperation, the evidence historically in contemporaneously, is an appearance on people who have aspiration have something want to get more. So they some of that is vector two. And of course the center that we are talking about is more than it just immigrants. Were talk about refugees and misplaced persons. Obviously we have political regimes instability run the world as well. Host think two things that you said then lead you to two different thoughts. One is people are looking for a better life because the country is causing some kind of economic challenge they feel like they can make it better lives elsewhere. In the listening to the conclusion that that is nice but why zero this possibility. They took note refugees and human rights issues, have a different reaction to this. To have for my money, that is the 64000dollar question. And we very seldom oppose it. I applaud you for causing it. I almost never answer it because from my perspective, there is a fundamental distinction that is not easy to draw that must be drawn and we seem almost incapable of drawing between people who flee for their lives or for some very compelling overwhelming reason, which we broadly define as refugees, and people are coming to may be in some strange economic difference, or have something to which they then aspire to more. And our migrants. We dont seem to be able to draw those distinctions and our politics, in my mind continually points of those distinctions. Lets try to draw these distinctions. Lets take a look first at the immigration policy so people who are voluntarily leaving to seek a better lives and family members here we obviously want immigrants. How many, what is the right number and how do we handle this one. What about the immigration policy funds british. Eisa massimino i think that first ball and is going to be back here and thank you all for being here and thanks to david. For meeting all of this. For all these folks in washington to come together. I was thinking about this from the very first presentation. There was a question and open to take this off your butt about should we limit ilLegal Immigration. If democrats, or surround somewhere around 20 percent in the republican somewhere around 63 percent. Intimate, the framework of that question, was a big part of our problem. Because it masks a lot of the fundamental questions that you originally posted which, you will hear people say i am in favor of Legal Immigration are just like ilLegal Immigration and then we need to ask ourselves, darlas make any sense. Do they serve american interests in any way. Are they connected in any way to our values. They hold our values as a country. We dont tend to talk about those things. So that means that the debate about immigration is just about as broken as the immigration system itself. Because we are completely asking each other. We have restriction to the claim were nation of laws only to obey the laws and if god pro immigrant communities to say were nation of immigrants. But everybody should come and really, we have always been we have to be both. The nation of laws and a nation of immigrants. We need them. In study after study shows the meaning them. So we had to be both. Richard, i know if you remember, hes the head of the Southern Baptist guy. We have two signs, at the border, no press just testing and help wanted. [laughter]. As a country, we just havent been able to sort out what we needed we need both. And of course we also have the statute. So what is the answer. I think you have illegal Legal Immigration. The only reason we have irregular immigration is because we didnt anticipate it. Its mostly the president of the Business Card is always going up and does not anticipate the problem and doesnt plan for different needs. We have the Federal Reserve manages the policy that we have nobody trying to manage in a practical sense, the week need and who we dont need. And we have a problem because i dont think its just a question of choosing opportunities, you have moments and then, nothing is ever sort of monolithic. As you have a situation where you have people leave where it is not working out. You late because, with the same idea. So you new car, and does not necessarily because what a great new wood but maybe the one you have, is not the best thing you have. In the countries we see those immigration to u. S. At the moment, we see problems that we should have anticipated but is almost like we covered our eyes and in europe is in the same situation construction of known close happening. And was bound to happen. When travel conflict, you will have people flee. Once you have environmental problems, you will have people playing. I think about the hottest times in civil war. What are these people think they were going to go and of course we are the beacon, the city on the hill and we promise people that we were going to have karen due process and the truth is the people who are anti illegal and probation are also against Legal Immigration because it is a start no nothingness and goes on. That is not always true. It is significant how not just restrictions, but the part of the immigration moment, their closely allied with europe. Host got the destination, that is true. Motors by war or economics, there is a reaction here. The population, we say an effort too much. Life. The thing is that people say well thats what the people are saying. Who are these people we the people. Its an obstruction. What is really going on is a you have this mongering going on that, okay and we take more. Its like of media, to people are tired of the homeless. Look homeless dont just eat on thanksgiving. The same thing, is what did you think would happen. What stuff is pretty full going to have a legal system to allow people to command, we need a fair legal system. I guess i would disagree and i would disagree rather strongly, to be sure and theres lots of fear mongering going on in her somebody in the white house who was laid off of that. Kurt and extend that to great negative affect i would argue but he has not done it alone. Because what donald trump represents in my opinion, is the culmination of at least two or three or so decades of our elites, on business and governmental relief, promoting the Program Immigration agenda that refused and still refuses in many ways, to acknowledge there is any pushback. Juan that theres any reason for large numbers of americans. To have anxieties about the massive cultural as well as demographic and to some extent economic challenges of mass migration. My least favorite version of this which i must talk about as an example, is the washington leaders for two decades, gloriously talked about us being transformed into a majority minority society. Peter probably the best immigration commissioner weve ever had, when around, willynilly say were becoming a majority minority society. The hollow do you think large numbers of ordinary white americans are going to like hearing that their culture in the way of life, apparently are going to be challenged and undermined. In 1996, you had a reaction to the 1986 dynasty had extreme restrictions by the gingrich administration. And then every attempt by people who dont know what theyre doing, to come up with mechanisms, you have the Mccain Kennedy bill, if all of the efforts that were made to trying to deal with problems a little bit at a time. Try to create mechanisms if you think of the crises that we knew around the world in 1980, wasnt the world of just hey everybody, and end, the truth is that the law was not exactly fair all the time. It wasnt hate, then, the more than 37 years laws have been harshly and insight immigrant. The restrictive laws they were talk about were at the southern border. Juan i think so. Host i just constant conscious, with senator mccain is here. Thank you so much for being here. I remember at least two major efforts by senator mccain to lead Immigration Reform. And not succeeding. It was a genuine hard thought bipartisan effort and not getting anywhere. Does anyone here see the prospects for any kind of bipartisan major comprehensive Immigration Reform ahead of us. Elisa dont forget senator durbin i think said were not going to get any kind of deal as long as Stephen Miller is a rep. Of the white house. So we have legitimate questions in the area of immigration refugees and then we have white house that is just shutting everything down. So there issues that are controversial, there issues that are noncontroversial but we still see the white house shutting the door to people coming to the United States. Migration is a human phenomena. Theres a lot of positives that are completely not controversial. This people coming in and investing here. Students from other countries. Study and our universities frank not controversial. Tourists are coming. There are a lot of positives. This is all migration. Whether things and been a leader on his is speaking out about exploiting migrants. People who have been trafficked. People who are smuggling new benefiting from the in the u. S. In the human rights rule the world that i was in spoke out against work leaders in saying that we have to manage migration and instead what we see this too much fear mongering and in the migrants are automatically criminals there somehow a threat to us. Underneath that, if you listen to some politicians there is this hidden layer of racism. Anne and it is anti, muslim, anti for people essentially. Poor people. One of the legitimate questions about immigration is who do we want to bring to the United States. Up by the soul we are shut the door thing. We have a great story to tell about how immigrants in this country, have revitalized our country. So do we want to come. A legitimate question for us to look at is, under what circumstances. In the past, one of the things that was decided was to we had discrimination against parts of the worlds of the work changes to allow people to come from different parts of the world. I personally think you dont have to bring in high skilled people. I think we have seen this doesnt matter. People do well here weather the coming super skilled or not. But i know one of the policies being pushed in some circles is we need north or meritbased system the way the canadians have. Elisa i wanted to up something that peter said about immigration. This is a parallel to the Previous Panel we make statements where americans no support, u. S. Immigrants and then we look at the polls, the questions that they are asking and actually turns out that they do support that in the majority of them do. They also do some on immigration. And successes calling by the groups as shown in a majority of americans actually, there is art expressed by the rhetoric. Their supporters generally are for moving people out of the shadows pretty 10. 5 million undocumented. Getting them on the pathway to citizenship. Theres a silent majority hopefully we can solve this problem. Going back to the first plan, about illegal versus Legal Immigration, unbeknownst to most americans, this administration is transforming all immigration into the ilLegal Immigration. By closing off the avenues for refugees to seek a son, to essentially stop resettling refugees and allowing people to seek asylum. It was a human rights fiasco on the southern border right now with people under the euphemism mystically named margaret protection protocols that are basically forcing people to plug for their lives to remain in mexico. Hundreds of those people, have been attacked, kidnapped, beaten, raped including children. It is a terrible scenario down there. But mostly, it is an attempt by Stephen Miller, led by him to shut down all immigration so that all immigration becomes ilLegal Immigration. People say, i am all for immigration it and people should just wait in line. There is no line. Juan what should the immigration policy be. And can we get there. Peter let me take a step in that direction. So to lisa, i am a little stunned at this point in time that you can claim the polls that support for immigration. Clearly lots of them americans support it but a lot americans dont pretty in their pretty mobilized and pretty angry and i dont think you can whistle plus that. Having said that, how about lets talk about what we can agree on. Stimulate the Stephen Miller is not my god. Okay. IlLegal Immigration. What can we do about that. I think that is a real problem. Elisa i think theres a lot we can do. Juan udo have a mechanism for people who find themselves trying to integrate to the u. S. You have a family. Peter you have the sort of decent lottery over here. And then you have asylum thing over here. The truth is that the numbers are significantly restricted. Understanding that we have uncontrolled numbers. I left because im talking are i dont know what theyre talking about. Just been a career, deciding these are the numbers that youre letting in every year. Our being very sort of selfdestructive in that we are hurting our commercial immigration where this distance of desensitizing people like coming in fort students because there is not a future for you. You must not even be able to use finisher studies because if there is another situation where we start marring people or we create an anti element environment, you have no future so the problem is that we have for decades, you might have a future in the u. S. And that is fading. We need to deal with commercial immigration as it helps our economy on the one side, you need to understand that individuals, like a merit system, could come to the u. S. But not using the same processes that we have now because they dont work. Juan the process that we have now that thats the problem is that most of the people, would refer to as illegal immigrants, i really just playing a crisis. Theyre not just leaving. In the upcoming here to clean our homes. You understand this. They are leaving because their lives in their childrens lives are in danger. Kurt i disagree. You do not know and you cannot sit here and argue seriously that the reason why all of the Central Americans are coming is because they are fleeing for their lives. You dont know that and i dont know that. Some of them are. Juan do you really believe that any of these people and how many of these individuals, have you sat with. How many of these individuals have you tried to get a fair hearing for and they dont get a chance about the gang dealer, misogynist, the anti whatever religion the person is, the homophobes, you keep going down the list and you will see that the vast majority of these people, are flaying help. Kurt the vast majority of the people that you are talking to our. Elisa you guys talked about who you can but we can agree on. Nothing of the refugees we can agree that we have a legal obligation of the United States but also moral obligation to find out. Kurt i agree. Elisa whether they come seeking protection in america. Whether they have a claim under the law. It is a very difficult standard to reach. To declare refugees inside of us on them but we have an obligation to find out. And right now, we are not doing that. So the first thing we can do, and i think we agree on it is that we have to change the system we have right now under the Trump Administration and start to view right by people who are asking for our help and find out whether they are eligible. And i think that when you have a system that is so dysfunctional like this, it is not serving our interest economically or our interest morally, and the need a massive overhaul, and we encourage, you asked were the prospects of a legislators reform of this. Without this, you have to have two parties. They want to Work Together to solve americas problems. We dont have that right now. We have to have leadership from the white house that wants to find a solution to this. We do not have that right now. So the situation is not right but what we can do right now and in the interim is stop violating peoples rights, try to make sure that we are taking care of people who are entitled to protection under international and u. S. Law. And start to build alliances across party lines to solve this issue in a way the polls are values answers americas interests. I actually think that having served on the budget of different taskforces and efforts to wrestle this problem, that have been bipartisan that there is quite a lot of patriots on fundamental principles. And that is not reflected in the political rate right now. In large part because there has always been an element of racism in our country from the very beginning. It is not a majority, but when you have that kindling there and you have a president like we have right now, lighting it on fire, it seems like a concentration that is bigger than what i think it really is. Juan peter quickly. Peter i just want to respond. Because were dealing with a very complicated human situation. Were talking about migration for immigrants or refugees. When dealing with human beings and make choices. Even under extreme duress i would argue that many of the people coming up from Central America listen to conversations like this and here people here or elsewhere who are unwilling to make distinctions in their rhetoric on the way they talk about policy ought to be between when the motives of somebody was looking for work, somebody was looking for temporary work to save money to go back home for somebody who is playing Domestic Violence partly from their lives. Theres a whole lot of complicated motives there. The people, from Central America are other parts of the world of mark migrating to europe, have complicated and mixed motives which is why i would agree with elisa, that we do have to do Due Diligence to make sure they find out with those motives are. Some of those motives are people really seeking to come up here to improve their lives and we dont necessarily owe them a damn thing. This be 51 of the problems is access to counsel. Most people in this room im sure look professional to deal with their finances, you knew a doctor to deal with your health, and into a lawyer and have legal questions. I assure you, that the integration processes, the mechanism, when you see the case law, when you see the policies facing the regulations, and the incentivizing of denying of application, we see the motivating of officers to know, you go back across the border. When you see that system and that person is unrepresented, what is even worse is the person is uneducated and they have no idea how our legal system works and how are we expecting our values and our system, and were just processing people would just as opposed to human beings. Speech of put in a different direction. Juan i have two takeaways from this debate. One of them is and is not black and white. He was coming here under extreme duress they would say is a refugee or legitimately deserves the solomon who was making a choice to come here because her circumstances are terrible. Theres a spectrum here. I think one of the policy questions that we as a country should grapple with his head away try to make sense out of this. Where is the line. In the second thing that is related to that is how much of this is our responsibility. As opposed to it is not our responsibility. Those are the policy questions there. There is a third one which alisa brought up which i want to come back to and maybe this is where you want to go. There are certain things where i dont think there should be a debate about the responsibility which is humane treatment and respect for human rights. Kurt i think we here have seen the separation policy with the children from the same things that you described alisa on the southern border. Or not living up to that standard either. Maybe that will be a good place to start. On the policy level to try to get to these harder questions. With that i will pause there. If you want to take a terrific different direction, go for it. Then i have a followup in a different area. I want the audience to be thinking about questions that you want to ask. Because in about ten minutes will turn to you. Anne if you want to know what is going on at the southern report quarter, this excellent report just came out a couple of weeks ago called human rights fiasco and deals with the mexico policy. It is horrific. Hundreds of documented cases. We are not coming anywhere close to living up to this. List on all of us for this is our government that is doing this. So read it at your peril but i urge you to read it. But i do want to, it is very interesting during this panel on this immigration in 2020 which is mostly focused on china and middle east and all of that and i just want to bring this back to, we always rushed to the debate about the border. When we talk about immigration and refugee protection. It is important to see this in the global context and what it means when the United States, what is our responsibility. Why do we have to solve this problem. Rhetorically. We look at the world and we see that there is a global refugee crisis that is larger and more people have been forced to flee their homes and at any time on record since the war two. More than that. And that is a problem that cannot be solved by anyone concerned about how powerful. It requires cooperation it also requires american leadership. In the most powerful kind of leadership is leadership by example. We cannot do our jobs as a country, to help solve this problem globally. The solution is that the United States to take everybody is that we should leave to create a diplomatic and protection solution the countries together to do that. Peter thats pitching it and because at your job. Hows it going now. Anne this phenomenon that people are moving for loss of different reasons. And so more than one reason, is global. This was happening in the mediterranean. We have people who work opening the definition of a rescue. And meet the definition of an economic migrants but some people have seen devastating climatic conditions at home. Drought, they could eat, pork, and everything is oppressing them. So this is not happening it or border where people are moving for more than one reason. The answer is careful screening when people come in. The insert beyond that, is to look at what is forcing them to move in their home countries. And that is why we have diplomatic instruments and tools and develop me agencies and humanitarians, who tried to prevent from having to move in the first place. Inside is very important part of that. I think what is happening in the u. S. Is that we see swing states in reaction to the headlines. A couple of people here, when is with me the incredible animosity do refugees plan they were falsely accused of being part of the person tax in 2015. We see now, that President Trump has said that the governor should have to prove whether whether rescues commit or not. When governors have actually said, is okay. And then the nine including the governor of the state have yet to say. It is being taken up in the courts pretty weather that really makes any sense, all individually, they decide whether they should come in. Elisa i think 15 of the 41. Anne like the governor of utah who came up and said they are welcome here. Peter but stay on the global side of things for a minute. Thats a lot of people. His 70 million. Anne 70 million are forcibly displaced pretty and the other 40 million are still the home countries. One of the bigger issues we identified, humanitarian response is that the responsibility for helping them was their own governments. And they are being neglected from the rest of the world by in large pretty refugees, roughly 26 million refugees, they been displaced from their homes and across International Borders of the have a convention that requires us to sign up to it, to provide them with protection, they also have an agency and high commissioner refugees geneva that is responsible for helping them. Have more protections but and they are looking to us, International Community to provide them help and i should also state this is another example, we talked about this in the Previous Panel, the u. S. Congress is providing more funding to help refugees and displaced persons than the Trump Administration is asking for. Peter only at a couple of dimensions to this. When you look at the displacement from country to country. Youre seeing really Geopolitical Impact on that pretty you look at lebanon in the millions of refugees that theyve had to take from syria, is a huge percentage of the total population of the people in lebanon. At the thing with jordan pretty look at the impact even a million refugees and germany and was completely turned upside down the german politics. Anne thats the key for our diplomatic engagement with other countries. What are really modeling and then how are we helping. So if we go to as i did to lebanon and say, please dont push them they could get killed. They going to say what are you doing to help. Our country is full. One of the things we do to help us we settle refugees. This is a fraction of the world 50s. They would say, you just take a very small number that i would always be able to say that, quote yes but when they come here, after the review so they can take the test and they become citizens and theyre just as much an american the flight. As i am. And then in addition to that we would be providing a lot of assistance for the major donors through the International Agencies that care about these folks. Peter the other dimension to the stew is you cannot separate the refugees from the cause. So if we intervention in libya, and support to help the countries able to collect arms, create a responsibility. Anne the real solution is many more peace around the world. Peter i think it connects directly to foreign policy, national security, u. S. Engagement in the world, on the strategic side. As well as the impact side. Juan we envision this back in the 80s, you had idea that we would try to solve the source problem. And that we would sit with the people who are being affected and the truth is that never went anywhere through the web never tried to resolve source problems really. They ended up with multigenerational refugee camps. If you think of other places. And even better, we know that in certain only fans if you want to, refugee camps, and the guatemalans, did not work. It was not going to work. And the question is, refugee camps might be a sort of shortterm emergency solution. Refugees prefacing is not necessarily a solution. Were not the only country going through this. You have some people would argue, patients that is an example. If you see the flow one country from another, depending on whatever crisis is going on, you see at one point that all countries into react somehow. But the thing is that we, really thought that we had a system of laws that we would follow up on and the truth is we are at this point giving those laws. Not just the u. S. But in other countries. You have organizations that have spent decades trying to promote their jeanette wishes with the anti immigration is the u. S. Also in europe. They are now empowered and able to implement using the crisis model. And look at venezuela in the crisis is having ning in columbia and other surrounding countries. Our venice mullions really going be modern term, settled in countries likes, columbia. Not likely. Many think they will go. Will peter would you like to comment and then will turn it to the audience predict. Peter i just want to make it clear, we have the important fundamental responsibilities to a large number of people over the globe who are genuinely in refugees were one of the status and by the way that very category is in the midst in highly contested category and all source of efforts to push and expanded. And im not sure it shouldnt be expanded to some extent. That is one thing ready to assert that into say that, Company Quickly i think these discussions get off into law land because theres only so much that we can do. I take once proposal is a kind of Legal Services arrangement for the world. We simply are never going to be able to provide adequate Legal Services for all of the people who would want to try to come here and make simple things against us. We should understand that there are people in need legal help, and there are people who have already this years claims to come here is refugees but it is very easy to get off into very deep and turbulent waters in these discussions. I think this discussion is somewhat part of that. Peter once you compute take the loss to the point that you cant understand it, you need a lawyer. And for goodness sakes. Juan we get rid of lawyers. Peter no. This is the product. The law and the process extraordinarily complicated. We know that most people annoyed you. My favorite thing is to ask my students to make an envelope in the next generation had no idea how to use regular mail, forgive me for the students who disagree with me. But its an amazing thing because it is truly things like notifying the government of your address. Well if you dont, they dont know where the exact address as, you could end up deported. You can end up without an actual hearing on the merits of your case. Juan i got your point. Elisa we have a president who deployed the military to the southwest border. That is a very blissful use of resources. Anne when once again, a proactive, more humane approach to the southwest border, would not have required that pretty pathetic was even required. Peter we have people queued up to some questions and really want to hear from them. I am an alumni. I am thankful to be here unlawfualsothankful to be here e United States of america. I am grateful to those of paved the way for me to be here. As part of the florida community, and black no patient woman and by the way haney, just around the corner from here i came here in 1986 after touring. I quickly became homeless in an attempt by others to make handy great again in a democracy. I agree with mr. Carey think he said, they dont owe us anything. Youre right, you do not owe me anything. But i do want you to know, that i did clean homes, i did have to babysit, i did have to do a lot of hard work in order to earn my way to be here. If i could go back home today from a i would if katie was not the way it was now. Because of those who wanted to bring democracy in haiti, i would be there. But i cannot go back right now. Now my question for any of you, is there hope for this country so that i can go back because i do want to go back. Flip is the role of the United States in regards the specifically in regards. You see today, i am a graduate of fiu with a masters degree in industrial management. I worked hard to be where i am today. [applause]. I am a teacher, i am a student. I wanted to be here. Im off to days of work to be here. Beeson wanted to have a voice. So i do want to say thank you. To everybody who is here and whatever weight you have paved the way for me to be here. I want to say thank you because i did not want to be here i was 19. I know that it was a long line. I find safe thank you for those of you who have compassion and love and grace and mercy and for me just caring, i just will pray for you. Thank you. [applause]. Kurt thank you. I appreciate your willingness to share. But nothing you really understood what i was saying. I dont know anymore about your particular situation than what you described. But it did not say that we did not owe you anything. I did not say we didnt know anything to haitians fleeing particular situations in haiti that as americans, we may become president. I have to know more about your specific situation. But im not opposed as i said several times, to the notion that america has obligations to populations that are endangered around the world i did and may be emphasized in intentional or in Central America like general kelly what is ahead of southern command, acknowledge that that we have incredible responsibilities in Central America to give them safety. So i think you misunderstood what i was saying. I was saying we do have responsibilities to people around the world especially people who are impacted and have been impacted negatively by policies. I understood exactly what you said in its okay. I just wanted you to know that. I wanted to say thank you to for mentioning the mansions. Because theres a lot of talk today about venezuela, cuba, iran and everywhere else except randy. In the start of the quarter. And you know what, it is okay. Thank you predict. Peter the latest on okay. Because you are suggesting that i did not really have any sympathy for somebody in your situation. And that is not true. And i dont want to be singled out the way you singled me out because you did not listen to what i had to say and what i said is we have sustained substantial responsibility but there are necessarily limits and ribs hearing from some of my fellow panelists was that there were no realistic limits being put forward athlete dont have realistic limits we wont have anything because we will get the reaction from the American People that we have right now which contrary to what you may think, i am not happy about. Juan very quickly, is there hope for haiti. Its because of federal courts are still open in the federal courts are keeping it alive so the temporary protective status exists despite the administration was close off programs that are still needed. And it took decades and in 1980, haitians were just labeled as an economic refugees when there were not. And it took decades of fighting the courts to finally get even a simple due process. Even today it is a joke how creations are processed in our immigration system. As of the truth is that we still need to find in the and we need access to the court. We dont need course by people to just support the values of the people in certain types of legal organizations that only want certain rigid values. Peter thank you. I think there is hope for haiti. You have worked hard, you have brought yourself into something, formidable as an educated pers person. You play role in this country and i have no doubt that you can play a role in haiti as well. So i think there is hope. Look taken over the side. I have a very quick question the battle at large about a possible immigration, mice. Presently there are over 7000 recipients in this country. I myself of the Great Fortune to know one of those individuals on the team. And that individual is very limited his access to opportunity. A lot of the stuff the kids are american citizens. However, i find it very disturbing and we can take in more immigrants annually without first addressing these talk to kids who are already americans essentially, they speak english, their integrated into society any think it could be a possible compromise between both parties to limit our intake of immigration as we are integrating those backup recipients. Peter will take that question will take one more question and then we will have to start wrapping it up. But is urgent to ebay. What we do with those who are here already. Dont put off of revelation. Elisa good afternoon, i now have an international and relations and Political Science to be here. Im the first of a family to have a degree. Know my parents neither my parents finish high school. And speak about immigration masonry personal. The narrative of immigration is right now in this administration, seen as the border and something that is taking a lot of money from American People. But in rents put a lot of money into this country in a country needs immigrants in coming to this country is not easy. And as who has aspirations the narrative is not publicized as much. So you have the image of immigration as people coming here and wanting to take something. And most immigrants come here and give something back. And in more cases that i know, more immigrants are not going back because they cant because theyre struggling are seen as a threat in our own country and could be a target. So here now working and putting time into this country that you have to defend yourself to the very people in this country who dont see you as american. But when you are outside of this country, this is the only thing that looks inviting. It looks like you can be an american but when you are here, youre met with so much opposition and immigrants so how can you go about changing that narratives of the people see immigration a positive light. I havent met an immigrant yet thats looking at it is positive. It. [applause]. Peter one more here. This will be the last question because we are out of time. Then will come back to the panel. This question specific to u. S. New Immigration Laws serve our best interests. We believe would be the legal and constitutional repercussion of federal and immigration versus allowing the state to follow suit with room immigration policies taking into consideration the amendment. Elisa a tradeoff between decca and other immigration. I dont not think we need to do that. The docket deferred action, was an administrative action that Obama Administration took, one of countless fixes to a broken system that is like a bandaid thats not going to fix the system. It is to try to alleviate in fairness and pressure on the symptom that is fundamentally broken. Side effects that really ended up giving the amount moment and administration of this. Was no one to be was not in legislation. I do think there is a core consensus in the country and even in congress, but these mostly kids, still young people are an asset to the United States and should be protected. That is what we should start and work from. And right now the system is so dysfunctional that it cannot solve any problems. But we will get there. I am quite confident. Changing the narrative, was last thing great. I think that, the narrative is changing. The dreamers, there are lots and lots of people who know, anybody does immigrants, as a positive immigrant story. Pretty even people who are spouting trump like anti immigrants, racist, will say, the immigrants and their community, will it do not mean that guy. Not the guy who owns the bakery or the guy at the dry cleaner, no he part of our community. But those illegal people. Somebody the Previous Panel said that one of trumps is americas ignorance. Thats what we have to do a better job of raising up the narratives that exists in the communities around the country. And the federal. That was the last thing, but do i think that one of the solutions is having more power over federal Immigration Law over the state level. I dont. Thanks a federal issue. And particularly one of the things that government exists to do which is to have borders, and some not sure but it is quite heartening what and pointed out, about when u. S. States, do you want more immigrants. Do you wash refugees. These are people who if you are starting a country from scratch, you want them on your team. So maybe we can start to end on a positive note which is people in the world but with their feet. The fact that people want to come to the United States, we should start you worried when they dont want to come. Peter thank you very much and we are out of time. I know there are a couple more things to say here. And i like your idea ending on a positive note. So i would like to ask each of you to do in a very short framing, give me one recommendation that you would like to see our country do now. Something that would make a positive difference in the way we handle any of these issues we talked about the gimmick one concrete recommendation will start with Peter Lockhart way down. Peter does on the question about daca. There should be a deal about daca, but more generally, i would argue political reality to one side that we ought to do something about the 11 or 12 million undocumented mbits in america. We are complicit in that theyre here because we let them be here. Pieces want them to be here. We should make them legal. Peter thank you. Juan theres a precedent for bipartisan solution 1998, christman, and congresswoman, and you had nicaraguan which wasnt just about nickel iranians included people from all other countries. It is a bipartisan solution and it included elements that would allow Prospective Solutions so that people can also include their immediate family. The dream act has a flaw. And its not perspective. Any immigration that does not have a perspective solution, is a major weakness to it because youre not addressing the problem. Youre just crating tomorrows problem. A little comprehensive ball. Anne raised the refugees feeling so that americans can credibly lead. And fully fund the Immigration Court system. That will enable restriction us because you can depart people faster. It would also make it such the people are entitled to relief can get that without waiting for years and anxiety bring about their families. Thank you. Anne 18000 refugees coming to the u. S. Is a ridiculous the number we should change that immediately. We should have a clock ticking with protection status of that whenever number of the refugees that you want the heart goes out, seven years, 12 years, if you also cannot go home, at that point they can stay for good. Because there so clearly part of our community at that point. And i agree getting the word out about how would benefit and how other countries could benefit from being more open minded about immigrants and reviewed use. When a good examples like with keio, who hires refugees when immigrant who came to this country. During the selection season, the candidates are only revealed over time. Since you cannot be everywhere, there is cspan. Air campaign 2020 programming differs from all over political coverage for one simple reason, its cspan. We brought you your unfiltered view of government since 19 79 and we are bringing you the people who steer that government this november. In other words, your future. 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