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You can watch this and other programs online apple tv. Org. Buch tv. Org. Good evening. Good evening. My name is paul horton life from the New York Public Library and im delighted to welcome all of you tonight. Last week we have the great pleasure of welcoming a guest to this cover the case the guests. It will include late in the season in december as conversation. It was so regretful that he cannot state his unit he thought he believed that it was changing the world. Im thrilled to welcome the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize winner and the author of the world of three zeros. The new economic zero poverty. A book that he will sign after his conversation. Im thrilled to welcome him back to the stage. Its the third time last time he spoke was in 2009. In a conversation moderated by charlie rose. It is always a pleasure to welcome him back. I dont know why i pause there. But somehow i just could not believe that that happened. But it did. And here we are. Indeed here we are. Tonight i would like to thank andrea young and Whitney Keeling who both helped so very much to make this evening happen. I like to thank them for their support for live from the New York Public Library. Im very grateful to them. Now many of you know that for the last seven or eight years its very modern and interestingly enough two words sometimes i get eight words micro finance and social business. In the case of Jeffrey Sexton i got seven words teacher researcher advisor and advocate please welcome them both. [applause]. Thank you. [applause]. Now we had proof that there is progress. 2007 Newt Gingrich 2017. Thats good. I would call it from the ridiculous to the sublime and i am very excited to be with you and very thrilled to talk about your new book. We Work Together last week. We are both sustainable goal advocates. Were both in that business as well. Begging for some attention to this. Youve written a book called a world of three zeros i thought it was about u. S. Politics at first but it is far more uplifting thats for sure its a wonderful book the new economics of zero policy zero unemployment and zero net carbon admissions. Okay, how do we do it. Get a glimpse. Noah spoilers basically i raise the question of will concentration and the way it is expanding and it has been more conservative more and more. The concentration of wealth. Many people are not aware that its getting bigger and bigger and smaller and smaller number of people. It is a different kind of wealth. They dont call economy anymore. Its a plundering. In the past in our textbooks we talked about the champagne class a small percentage of people. And then stem for the rest of the world. Even the champagne glass. It is basically quickly. The huge mushroom and controlled by fewer and fewer people. And the sum that comes out of the mushroom is the 99 and half people there. So this is the kind of unacceptable and very destructive way to be built. It is continuously getting expanded. This is were of a sort of a ticking time bomb society cannot continue like that. The pent up anger at the bottom. Some will explode. And you will see an politics and the social relationships with people in the daily life of the people and so on. I was shocked by the brexit. Almost like that kind of thing happening that we dont want anybody from east europe to get in. Theyre taking her income our income in our jobs. Their complaint with the people at the bottom. They dont know whether they are struggling for losing jobs. They are blaming outsiders as if they are responsible. That is what the reason is. In the solution is lets get out of the european union. They are not touching the real subject. And that friction became reality. It is an unheard of situation where one should be getting together and now say and now they are getting isolated. To distinguish that. That will come inside of their own country. They will be looking for that. Until you touch on the real subject. The economic machine that was built is the one that is just sucking up everything. The machine is being what it is designed for. So thats what it was. I was looking what are the ways to solve that problem. Who will be texting them. When you control all of that wealth you control all of the power also. Its not just an isolated innocent thing. With all of the poverty. You can come to politics and the government. You can take the government to text you. You will make sure hundred one ways to explain that. And here we have a cabinet filled with billionaires planning their next tax cutting. It is kind of a depressing situation. They have gone to some experience and give me some kind of feeling that this could be addressed in another way. I looked for an explanation of the basic feature that destroys all of this in the real world as an observation of human being and economic guilt. Assumed that they are driven by selfishness. And everything is built on the selfinterest. They also have a broader interest may be called selfish interests. To add to that. If we think that they present both of these interests. And thats what they will present. Since it presents one interest became more and more aggressive and it turns into greed in the name of capitalism. Thats what i was saying to bring them into the marketplace and say we can create this to solve problems. Simply in order to solve the problem i started creating this. And they have a common feature. None of them have i created to make money for me or anyone else. Its all focused on problem solving. That might be the escape route for the selfless part of the human being. If we only allow the selfless part to come into the marketplace. The next point i was saved again came from my own experience we have given loans to other businesses. Now we had 9 million of them in bangladesh with millions and millions of them. And then we see their children of the families we help them to go to school and get education and a good education. In the get frustrated. What is a solution for that. Why are you looking for a job. You should tell yourself im not a job seeker i am a job creator. And i said look at your mother if nine men alone our illiterate women can start a business with loans of 30. 40 why does all is all of his education and knowledge you want to work for someone else. What are when you just go back to your motherland. Ask the young people to come with Business Ideas. Go and going talk to your mother. She will tell you anyway. She is the inhouse expert matter what she does it you can make it ten times bigger than what it was. You have the education. So now thousands of young people are coming. They did into runways. And then second one was the misdirecting of human beings. They are not born in this planet to work for anybody. We are gogetters. We are we never sent job applications when were there. From gate number five to gate number ten that is what history is. This element i was saying if you put this into the picture suddenly the question does not look as potent as it does right now. And create a world of that. With the problem of unemployment. Unemployment is a long word to begin with. If youre not looking for employment thats what we get that for. The question does not exist. And somehow years later with to get to the third zero. It is the one with the admission. Of course it is a huge problem. Its not just a big company that has to do that. The individuals in the daily life. We buy things. By that. I will stay out of it. And then there is the other stuff. I will start doing that. My children will start learning in the classrooms. I want to make a life for myself in a way it doesnt have any other life. Someone else in the country. It is been washed away with the floods and becoming unlivable. We talk about the climate. Is not possible for you to live with the water coming into your land. We can do that. And also at the same time we can create a number of social businesses. Simultaneously what we have the big businesses. And we did that in bangladesh. We created the social business what a simple idea we get the business and we start selling solar home system. The money that you send spend on kerosene every month get that to us. We have no more than 2 million homes already. And its growing. We became the Largest Energy system in the whole world. It is done in a way to recover the cost. Your only pain anyway. This is one way with other things that you can do. The cooking stove. As a social business. It is the nature right now in every country you go. Is different. Only 2 of forests left in haiti. It will be added there. Twenty years there are still 25 percent of the forest in there. Building the hole for us. It might not bring you tons of money right away. If you are not existing in that. You will exist in the solving part of it. They can become feasible and you mentioned that you take off that with dollar signs. You only see whatever you make money. What are the perspective that you want to do. When you talk to these wall street folks im sure some here i went to a Hedge Fund Conference that i found to be amazing in this mindset issue because there was a very clever money manager on the stage and he was discussing how his portfolio works and he was talking about Foreign Policy in crisis between in this country in that country and for me i was getting into the story and thinking how do we get the diplomats there. His conclusion must therefore it was absolutely necessary and by the end. And no matter what the story was a came down to that. And it takes a certain kind of genius like that unbelievable actually. I cant do it. It really is a problem. So you mentioned that you have a Venture Capital fund selflessness and economics it sounds like a wonderful idea but it reminds me a little bit of the very famous line of gandhi when he was asked what he think of western civilization. And he said it would be a good idea. And what do you think the selfless economics would be. Whos can do it. How would Something Like this work you the ventral adVenture Capital fund. I beg for a living so im happy to bag always should we be begging or is there a Systems Approach that you think how that Something Like this not only take off because it clearly you started a lot of social businesses and we meet people all of the time and one of my colleagues with whom i work we meet people who want to do wonderful things but its not simple to actually find the resources and my wife we beg for Community Health workers and people are just able to say now even when you tell them its saving lives in crucial and so forth. How to do it. This is in the book. Looking for the answer. When theyre talking about the social business if youre not making money why should anybody do that. Its because the only thing you ever heard is the mind about money. You dont understand anything else. If you can take off those classes you will start feeling another kind of thing. Wow. Good evening. The making money and happiness that we all had experience with that. Making other people happy is good as well. It will come from you. You have to go and in bag or anything. Im not asking for you to come and help and move on with your life. You will be changing yourself insane something is one thing but actually feeling and seen it seeing it as something else. The funny thing is when big business started paying attention to us maybe this is in. Something happened. Will start making money. Generally they did not do not want to do that. The first one was the one we created. Its a wonderful project. The children in bangladesh. It is just not alone in that. In that proportion halfandhalf. So they are looking for what problem that they can sell. Weve got too many options and then finally focus on that. Because it comes easy to them. To create a special kind of view. In create that company we waited especially for it. How do you do that. You put all of the micronutrients into this and make it cheap you will find many ways you can make it cheap. If you want to make money you start adding that. So that they would be asked to pay a higher price. We created that. And now we still want to make it cheaper than what the cost of production is. We did as much as we could. But then we have the marketing strategy. It is in the city and through the supermarket and the market price that they pay. And we make a lot of money on that. And you didnt use this money when we do that. Sell it with the cost of production. And we hired the women in the villages to sell this doortodoor because poor people dont go to the grocery shop. Now that that is happening. This is one. That is a good model. The other country it became soup and fortified soup. They provide the soup. And the other country in columbia the sugarcane based drink. When you use this idea and make it fortified vanilla and then sell in schools in the School Authority would be buying this. Anyway. It doesnt cost much. You are using this as a technique this is a social business idea. It is a french fry company. A canadian company. It is a family owned company. They became very interested in the idea of social business. What can we do. I did not know much about it. What if you eat french fry. And then you get there. 60 of the french freight market we cover in the whole world. We worked with them to create the social business in columbia to have more than they would need. I got into their head now they start seeing the social business opportunity. They had been in this business for many years. And then they came to me and 26 . 6 cannot be picked up on the ground. In 20 because we dont buy any other french freight company. If we dont buy it we cannot sell. Now that we have the social interests of people. We decided to create a new social business to create a small instance and higher that. Use it to make potato soup. Stomach 30 of them. They did not look to be in good shape. In the cucumber no one will buy it. I hate that kind of thing. I wouldnt touch it. In their own business imagine that. If you want to put it there. The vegetable has to be in the right formation. Thats how consumers like it. It is very interesting and i think the point you made that i want to underscore you were able to make something very cheap because it wasnt looking for profit. In most of our textbooks it says the opposite. We are running crazy experiment. Unlike the Healthcare Systems all of the other highend come world ours is based on private motive. We have the most Expensive Health care system in the world. The same exact services delivered we are paying thousands of dollars per person more per year. All we have to do is look at how it was done elsewhere. Its a noncommercial basis. And here of course it is run on the market working better. Is definitely a part of it if you have the capacity to exploit market power. They just started buying all of those. In the new company. When you took up vegetables you dont know the shape. There is no way you can hate them anymore. Not only on how to cook soup and again about all digging about all of the missing opportunities. It is enormous just because they dont sell in the market. Now this is the two cases. We have started the Small Program to give that. Never work in this country. In five years we created many others. All over the united and many other cities. Today we head over a hundred thousand borrowers. Nearly 1 billion. And all of the branches are established. The thing that we tried to do is with healthcare. Even after obama care. They are disconnected. We said we have to provide it because the system is not caring for that. Everybody chips in. And they take care of each other. And have a whole system in place if it comes as a sustainable letter full. If you bring a new technology. The commercial cell phone is there. You get all of the health care possible. And it can be delivered at home. With the intelligence to remove people from the work. And they serve in the Healthcare Program you dont need any of that. What the question of the mind. What direction are you looking at. Realizing that i can bring all my Creative Power to sell all of his problems. Thats why i kept it as possible. With the unemployment admission. I do not know anything about that. I was asking who are you because im not familiar with this. When mccain came i asked what kind of business you do. 55 percent of the french right we supply to the world. So those companies came out of this. Many more indian people are coming with Business Ideas to solve problems. Initially it is a small one but it can grow now. It discovers its own costs. The question is now all of the problems they sell. You are seen a kind of ecology where the normal business sector continues this new business section there goes alongside it sometimes living there. And also a way to detain the evil side of this. It is a very interesting case that you are talking about and a lot of the businesses had no idea what is needed, why there are problems i went to the notforprofit i wont mention who will wear but one of the big chains of Healthcare Providers to the cfo and talked about a way to address the very poor people in the environment with this mega hospital complex and they said we are not interested in this category. We lose 3 cents per medicaid. We are not interested in building up that line of business. In the neighborhood. You bring the technology and the creativity. All of these programs can be handled in a much different way than they now do. How to make more money for the shareholders and so forth. I said you run your business to teach young people to make the shareholders with more money. So that they can plan how to create business. You started some of those centers. And i am protected by one of the leading universities in the country here. With the kind of things they are teaching them. This is a business call. Just looking for ways on how to change it. This is something that would like to do. I can do i can get a job and serve the company live so much power with the technology in their hand. They can do anything they want as big as they want that their job does not allow them to do that. Mercenaries for the western culture. With all of the options on the table. The way i am seen. Why do i say that i had been seen seeing it again and again all of the women to join millions of them all over the world they are not looking for jobs they just want to start a business. In each of these. Familiar with the Business World they can start a business if you just go in the neighborhood. You will see the women that never had this idea. In the operations and so forth. What are we doing there. This kind of feelings inside of the young people this is an option for you. Seek and wait what option you want to take. People are looking for that. They are looking forward. They are having a social business petitions. I said you dont need to have the money for that. The force behind that. Many people have said this is such a gift. I would like to invest. A simple story but such a powerful story to make. We created this. They keep this back in bangladesh. We did just start the company. And we have half have a 9 in the bank. In such a big company for half a million. We waited and waited we started following them and writing them letters. Give us some time. Been there done that. This company cannot do that investment in this company because it declares upfront. They give you the money to make more money out of their money. You will be youll be violating the mandate of your shareholders. What they came out to do they wrote a letter to all of the shareholders and 3,000 plus shareholders. The sheer give you an amount of dividend. In the end they said we are trying to create a company in bangladesh it will be a social Business Company to solve the problem and we need half a Million Dollars to put into that company. If youre insistent here is the box. Tell us what dividend you like to invest in. 98 percent of the shareholders signed up. We needed only have a Million Dollars. And it created a second problem. Employees all around the world and hundreds of thousands of employees participate very strongly to the company saying that you considered that. The shareholders to participate in this project. You never brought that. So the company was forced to write a letter to the employees now what do you do. They were talking not having it. They get created with a social business fund. They were created in many Different Countries keeps coming from the shareholders and also the employees every year. If you raise the question in a proper way people, money is not a problem. The problem is here. What do you want to do with your life that is the basic question. With the micro micro finance can it be part of the channel. For financing. The idea is though that is social distributing dividends. It was a social business. We wanted to make it social business. It was owned by a social business. All of this might when you ask is coming from there. It goes into the investment that we are making. And there are many other sources in the businesses that we make profit. We started with the it hospital to take care of that. That comes to the profitmaking. It came to the breakeven point. Setting up the next one. In the next hospital. Now we had four hospitals running. And they are in the social business. You cant take any dividend simply you just get your money back. She met but you do pay back the capital put in. Otherwise it is is not a business. It should be running its own money. After that the money comes back. So now four hospitals will be doing that. You get the city of the hospital coming out there. This is part of the whole thing. How does it relate to the islamic finance. Im not very familiar with this. It has to be certain. What is the next step. It is to let people know. You guys are the next step. If you lack until the children first. We had two options. And create a company himself. That message is there. It was a really powerful message. I just want to start a business and not make it happen. Unless someone provides me the money. Give me a money i want a brilliant idea. They been thrown out of the bank. They were called in to get them out. Hes a crazy guy. He was asking for something. Thats a kind of finance system we have. Give money to people who already have lots of money. Half of the population is on their own. But how do you run a social bank or social Venture Capital by what criteria how do you judge if you are the banker is a good social business because you have a credit limit and what are the criteria to make when we say to our young people forget about jobs and start a business on your own. Thats what your four. Youre for. Look your mother. And then we said come up with Business Ideas. Another coming with Business Ideas. Into things that we follow. No one was rejected. So dont worry. I may not get the money. Nobody will be rejected. Anyone that i want to start a business. With a business plan. Until it comes to the level that you can take the money. It is not rejection it is taking you and making you able to start the business. The second principle is no one is abandoned. Then you have the Venture Capital. We will help you to start again. It is a part of business. Dont be afraid of that. And then we will be with you until you are successful. And then you start paying back the money that you have and then we will give you that. Its not social business. You are doing business to make money for yourself. When you come up one idea that you would like to have that maybe youll start a social business on the site. Its not something that you have to relate to. This is whats been done. With about 2000 young people. Every month nearly 2010 people get this from the social business. Its becoming bigger and bigger every day. And most of the business is there. I said why should people be unemployed. Because of the system that we had built. I said i cannot figure out why an educated young person at the prime of his life sits idle and does nothing. If anybody puts a spell on him and he cannot do anything. They have created such a problem. I have all of the opportunities to do things on my own. Because that is the part that we have taken up to. Gift of a job. Job is something else. Im a person i can do anything i want. If you have that social business. If you put money on the table nobody will be unemployed. In the beginning none of us will jump at it. Where my sitting. I can do better than he has. They were reluctant. When we sought some woman took it. I can do better than everyone he can. This is how the whole system works. That is the crux of the whole thing. In our education. An in an institution. The whole problem is happening because of the failure of institutions. When it comes to poverty. Poverty is not created by the poor people. Poverty is created by the system. Simply they are rejected from there. See connect them as good as anybody else. There is nothing letting them go. Theyre so tired. Definitely. Has anybody started this in the u. S. Or europe or ezine uptake when i came the same here. Cindy said you are invited to a restaurant. This is a social business. Thats how you get them over to dinner. So i went there with my daughter and my friends we went there. Its a beautiful restaurant. How do you get this idea. We traveled together to haiti you talk about social business in a financial expert. A young lady became very interested in that concept. My friends and everybody. They were three months old. And they just begun. Its not me pushing around everybody. She saw some social business examples and got excited about it. Im sure many people, do into their own sort of business. If it is social business and it can be as small as you want. If you take three unemployed young people create a business to solve this. Is not a big deal. And who are the people who are being employed by this. Ex prisoners. With the young experts. With the whole restaurant very good food. She thought about something and what she could do. Create a business to employ people. It is not rocket science. Everyone has money into their pocket. Unemployment doesnt come that way. It is a human issue. I should be doing that. If i can afford it. I will take five of my friends together and lets do it together. I can do 30 people out of unemployment. That is when i became so interesting. It was just a tiny little thing. It is now globalism and continues to america in and hundred thousand borrowers and we are planning for the next year. They want to reach to half a million borrowers. Half a million. And the total amount i was asking how much money you need to extent of 10 million. Can you find this to a 50 million. Why should anybody be thinking about this if we cant reach have a million borrowers tie 10 million. Everybody should be running up to you. There has ever been anything else. You are serving the people in every direction. That is a challenge. You create those examples once people see that it can be done everybody wants to join in. No doubt it is contagious to trigger and give people the idea that the Sustainable Development goals the idea of heres what must be done. Here are the kids that need to school. This is a crazy thing that we had millions and millions. And social business it was such an obvious area. Now bringing electricity to households. These are very solvable and practical problems can i change the subject. Two weeks ago you emailed me i was grateful to many other people a terrible political crisis that you are observing in bmr and your taking the lead on this globally we have brought a lot of attention i thought it would be good for people to know and to hear from you and understand what this is about and why it is happening and what we should be doing. It is is led by the peace lawyer. And the terrible things happening. Not led by a peace laureate. We cannot even imagine that. Suddenly you see a stream of people running towards bangladesh and leaving everything behind. We cannot believe that this is happening to neighboring countries. They had been living here for generations. It happened to the muslims. They wanted to throw them out. From the birth of this country. We knew that it was created. There is no problem at all. In 1982 we have that. Before that they are in the government. And they are the government ministers. And the parliament. Everything just like that. I have stateless people. Thats okay you did that. But then they started saying that you can have that in this country. Many different ways. They did something terrible and people started running for their life and they started rushing to bangladesh. Every day is 10,015,020,000. The significance of this is nothing happens. So that is what the explanation that i got my friends together. To be that voice and i very happy that you came in. U. S. , i will say. See from a distance im right there. I come from the same religion. In the same region. I speak the same language. With her being interviewed on cnn i feel like im right there. This is crazy. They can save anything. And most real burning down the villages. People call every day how many dead bodies. The simply denied that they had anything to do with that. The same i went to just come over. I visit the place and if you feel that this is the people coming from there you tell them my mind is just as much on your country. Whatever happened i will take it back. The reason is they will try to attack things, you opened up a pandoras box. We are peaceful people that are living there they never heard of them in their life. Now suddenly they have to protect their life to people for coming most people are women and children. What happened to the man . We dont know what happened to the men. All you see is women and children. Oh my gosh. Did he respond . Has she responded to . I try but no response from her. We will treat keep trying. I talked to several leaders in the united nations. This is something that my message was this has to resolve quickly. The longer it is it becomes more complicated. And it destabilizes the region. This is not going to end easily. It will create tension. Its terrified. Ladies and gentlemen. Let me turn to you. We have time for some discussion and i think theres a microphone in front . Perfect and i would ask you to please come up to the mic if youre interested, tell us who you are briefly. If you can make a comment or question the only question is to be preso that others can do it too. Do not haunt the mic. Other than that youre very welcome. My background is in finance and risk management. If i could remind you for the sake of the question. I met you in in the earthquake in 2005 and 10000 people died. It was an interesting experiment with all the work we did delivering food prosthetics and developing new homes, think i met you and you give me a hug. I still remember. But ive been testing your hypothesis on the social business since weve met. So that i think you should consider what the outcomes of that experiment were. If i go to d. C. For many of the specialists they say no, all this work you have done is informal work. Snag creativity are to be recognize because you were correct nice is if you go to school here in entrepreneurship and work for three years. Then thats recognized work. The rest is that is not creativity. Your argument we run into these people who have their own vision of what theyre talking about is not been able to connect new need to have local knowledge of these countries. People are absorbent and one way, can you help me mediate that risk somehow. Were looking at it is if you dont absorb thoses risk youll keep getting the surprises for people are thinking why is it getting worse . Do not go to washington, thats a general piece of advice. I went there because i came to the institute and i have no connections. I need a meeting with you. Just a quick answer to that, when you do something new you are going against the current. You dont expect everything. You have to be patient and aggressive to make it happen. A lot of patience and stubbornness will make it happen. Its not easy. Because your loan in your context so it takes a lot. So youve connected other people to get some strength probably where the places which you can get that response. Thank you. Hello. When i was little kid i met you in upper michigan, if you remember. But my question to is, i know a lot of people with International Stature and they have the authority, thats why took over the bank but my question is, will you ever get into politics in bangladesh . No way. Also not anything direct because no one a position within a Government Bank but there my friends, we Work Together for a lifetime so they are all close to us. Thank you good evening. And from pakistan, im exploring how what, governments role and how can it be a National Strategy . We think government can hold a little bit and let people do it because we have a history of government messing things up. But it would be good for the government to keep a distance. It was best to become a cheerleader, someone does good you go applaud them that theyre doing good work, but dont try to help them. The name of the help they do it in a very strange way and start taking command of you. But the creativity of the individual is enormous and you can do it yourself. And you can have your own social distance because government has charity for everything. For example. [inaudible] for unemployed people. Even the employee people who think got cut into that. If you have an opportunity like quit, going to business. So theres some social business. Theyll be helpful. But the real this for the young people. And the young people with technology and design that make it happen. Which you have the space to do this in pakistan . Definitely. Theres a lot of ranges on the building and a very interested in the. Thank you for being here. My mom from you know everyone. Did anybody meet me when youre three . [. I grew up with the economics, ive been familiar with your work with social business and very soon im planning to leave finance and the back to bangladesh to enter the world of social business. Thank you very much. Im wondering im 22 years old. Im wondering if those have lived in the u. S. For the last ten years to try to start something whether you have any concrete advice or opportunities. Un mentioned the Venture Capital fund. Whats your thoughts for someone if anyone wants to go to bangladesh and want to be actively involved in that space, what are your advice . Just dont expect that just because it came from the United States everythings happening, it dont. Its very frustrating. So thats the most important thing to remember, if youre the right everything will get in there. If you are in the wrong part let me give me a few one more tip. How many people here know the Sustainable Development goals . This is a random crowd of course, just a random crosssection of new yorkers. These are hand. And how many are going to learn them in the next hour . So the Sustainable Development goals that we are advocates for, secretarygener secretarygeneral, these are the goals that all 193 governments agreed on as being priorities for the world the next 15 years. That by itself should tell you that the world agrees on basically nothing. But they did agree on the so its a good start. The second point is, when they were adopted they were adopted, this that morning at the un was pope francis. Thats another good sign that this is really a good thing. One pope francis said this is our moral responsibility, all 193 world leader said yes, we are on it. So i made it is a very serious suggestion. These are in orientation for things we ought to do. The one i have been spending the last few days on every day, every hour, my wife and i work on intensively, thats hell for all. Youve heard about social business in the health sector. We are also looking at education for all. That is to ensure every child on the planet can get at least a secondary education. Yesterday i met with the woman who found is something called Bridges International which you may have heard of. Its an education, ngo, its a business not quite as social business. But theyre doing a wonderful job in the slums of nairobi. Thats exactly on helping kids would have no chance for school to get access. They were working on the price point, how could you provide a quality education of 4 per child per month because thats what the households could afford. Thats tough. You have to be really clever. Shes a phd from berkeley. Her husband is in mda and education economics of their been very creative. The point i want to make is that we have a set of problems that need solving urgently. I believe they are very important orientation. At least if you carry the calling card of sustainable goals others will somehow know something about that. Thats our job also to make sure the you know about them and carry that. So i would just say this is one thing to think about. Look down the list. What grabs you when you go home and go to bangladesh you will see lots of problems, gaps and things that need solving. The core of the insight is solve problems. Dont just sit there, solve problems. The Sustainable Development goals help to encapsulate what the core challenges are. Its an honor to be in the same room as you. I worked with the turkish to the un as advisor. The currently work as a consultant. Have two questions for both of you. Laura talking about Environmental Issues we say we should give the power to individuals that we should be more educated consumers. When we decide what were going to choose we should be aware we should be making decisions for the environment. D. C. A slight danger when we put the responsibility on individuals when in reality the cause of whats happening is the biggest industry and company . I feel that what happened with Michelle Obama when she went to talk to the Food Industry so we should take the sugar out of the food and improve our Health Command know, make them do more exercise. Felix you can tell individuals its their responsibility. Its important to educate individuals, but its also letting the industries and Big Companies know its on you. I dont have to do anything about it. Break question. Talking about the role individuals can play doesnt mean were taken away the role of the government businesses. Thats a very big problem. Thats where things have to resolve. Legal issues and compliance issues but if we do all focus on responsibilities for the government businesses the people remain silent, that will not work. So its everybodys job. The consumers are not just people for the business. The same person for consumer performing his or her duty look at the ceo of the company too. So he brings his things into the company too. So they are not separate groups. Just because i happen to be a consumer or father or mother or son or daughter, doesnt mean im not involved in that. All those people that have their families and personal life. Hopefully they will do it more inside the company to make it happen. And if i could add a couple thoughts in the american political context, our system is so corrupt it is out of control. If you ask why trump pulled out of the paris climate agreement, if it werent for the corruption you probably wouldve never heard of the paris climate agreement. The guy doesnt know very much. So what happened . The telltale sign of that is that the week before he pulled out he got a letter from 22 republican senators that said palau. If you go to open secrets. Org which is one of my favorite websites, tracks who gives money to whom, these are 22 senators on the take. They are paid for by the oil and gas industry. If you take scott pruitt who is the jerk at epa, thats a technical term, he has been on the tank of the oil and gas industry his career. So, complete irresponsibility. So what we do . This is why the u. S. Is in the situation, not because the American People dont know, some dont but about 70 of americans in every survey say invest in renewables. You know, people know the climate is being wracked. You have to absolutely be under the control of somebodys big money not have wash in the last two weeks the lifeanddeath issue we are facing. So, this is what were up against. Thats your question, what to do about it. There are many things. And i think mohammeds answer that in every sense of this has to be brought to bear. One idea which i was out to get going, maybe we need social business to do it to figure out how to do it, we have two brothers in this country that people know about, quote brothers, they fund lots of nice things in the city, they fund the biodiversity hall at the American National History Museum so theres a museum after they destroyed all. Honest to god, they are the largest private oil and gas industry in the United States, their terrible polluters, and they are the most responsible people in our country in terms of big money being put down to buy the party to stop action on climate. Ive learned one thing, dont watch enough to be unfortunately. I was in the studio watching tv and they advertise how good they are. Which is a good sign. It means they have consumer businesses. So we can boycott them because they really like money. They have 50 billion each, that have the glasses on and everything, theyre just a walking . They own georgiapacific. Georgiapacific is the paper company. They make tissue paper and toilet paper, they make things that get close to her skin. Why dont we stop buying that stuff . Really. [applause] that is part of the responsibility. We have to get organized. We havent gotten organized. There was a Shareholder Resolution of exxon mobil this past Board Meeting the past over the objections of the ceo. Called on the company to report the risks to which shareholders of Climate Change stranding the apps assets of the company because they want honest financial reporting. Thats another way to go after it is in responsible investors and consumers. Political protesters which we need to step up our game so we dont have the maniacs wrecking the whole world. I believe another way that will starts coming as lawsuits. Any lawyers here . Sue exxon mobil. Make classaction cases. Look at the damage this company has done with their lies and deceit, and now people are playing pain with their lives in the caribbean now islands. So, i think the answer is that we have to do everything and we have to keep oriented to the good make the difference of good and evil and make the sense of responsibility. Social business can do it we have to do it that way because that selfhelp and getting in there. When we need to use the law or politics, we have to do that way as well. Great question. [applause] is lovely to see you both, they sent me to say hello to you. I am lower, my question is, what tool. Again tell me where we met though right . Fus. What tools and words of wisdom can parents give their children to lead lives of service, lives of creativity . And what can you tell your child to help them keep going whether business doesnt work the first time . But one thing parents can do for the children is to help them to think about what kind of life they would like to have themselves. So they can think and decide its not parents telling them they should be a dr. Be like this, instead of that, what would you like to do. As they grow up. As long as they are in the education process, this question has to come back. What is the purpose of the life you have decided for yourself . You have to have a purpose. Advise you just live for a day just to survive it doesnt make sense. You have to have a focus on something you want to do for yourself while youre here. Its a very short time where here. At the same time, thing young people in school and at home, design the world they want to create rather than the world that is given. The world is not given, its created. What kind of world they would make, make a wide imagination, so they see that this is a position that i can take and then how do you do that, what are the steps . Prepare yourself and remind young people that the most powerful generation in human history. No other generation ever had so much power than the current generation has. Because of the technology you have. As you have this power make sure you use the power. If you dont use it it will be wasted away. It would be a shame. So encourage young people to realize their powerful. Make sure you have the power to make things to make them see what they should do in the future. Wonderful. You heard it. [applause] thank you so much. [applause] heres a look at authors featured on afterwards. Weekly Author Interview program. Investigative journalists are living reported on the Mental Health industry. Your times contributor susan hansen reflected on her travels abroad. And weighed in on americas global standing. And progressive senior fellow David Osborne examined the Charter School movement and offered his outlook for the school of public education. The coming weeks craig surely will discuss the life and political career Newt Gingrich. John newman will detail his career in the judicial system. First as a prosecutor think really is a federal appellate judge. Bob schieffer will look at the role of the media today. On afterwards former radio host and contributor Charles Sykes will provide his thoughts on the conservative movement in america. I believe america should be the shining city on the hill. Were based on the idea. They reject the idea rather explicitly. They dont believe america is an idea. They believe its a geographical location. People by people of certain racial and ethnic backgrounds. Theres a dark side there. The reality is that throughout the campaign, donald trump had more than one opportunity to repudiate, reject and speak out against them and he dodged and delayed, again and again. Its a pattern. Its a oneoff. This is a cancer of the heart of the consumer driven movement for not willing to say that left will not tolerate these people. Theyre all these moral judgments in every movement. Liberalism had to expel the communist late 1940s. Conservativism had to do that in the 60s we have to deal with all right. This is sure everyone watching has seen this. What is interesting being asked to do this i a im not on the opposite side of you when it co

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