Good evening. How is everybody doing . This is my kind of crowd. When you talk through the video, that gives me a good feeling. Everybody is excited to be here and talk with each other. Im the director of him for him and Innovation Lab at the Commonwealth Club. Welcome to tonights conversation with leila janah, founder and author of the excellent book gives work reversing poverty one job at a time. Tonights conversation is moderated by laura tyson, phd, graduate of the school of business at uc berkeley. I think you already did this, but heres a challenge. Turn to somebody you dont know and introduce your self before we get started. [inaudible conversations] okay. That is the perfect 82nd friendship. [laughter] lets come back. This is my kind of audience. I hope that you are like this and it comes time to the audience questions. You are at the second event to take place in this auditorium. [applause] that is worth a round of applause. We are in our brandnew home where 114yearsold weve been [inaudible] so this is nice, we are incredibly excited and its possible because of the donors and members and volunteers like people like you, so thank you for showing up and giving us a reason to buy build a brandnew building. Anybodys first time here at the club . For anybody that doesnt know, we are a nonprofit and we can only do this with 400 programs a year with our members and donors and volunteers. Membership includes events like this on advanced notic have adve Exciting Events like the program with Richard Branson next week. If you are interested, the front desk staff is happy to talk or you can check your email for a discount card on membership. After the 24th, we have gabriel union, october 25 we have entrepreneur and startup expert eric ries. Reese. November 22, the new cookbook. November 9, we are hearing from the artist and writer of a graphic novel about drone warfare. So we cover all the bases here at the club. Now tonight, like i said, i will be talking to folks that have questions, so the last 15 minutes there is a microphone. You will hear a reminder and you can start lining up. If youre not familiar with questions, they are short, they dont include personal stories and they end with a question. Laura is a professor and will crack down if you get winded so keep that in mind. We are Live Streaming on facebook for any friends that cant be here, feel free to inform them. We will also be live on twitter and their handle as well as ours are on the screen to the right and left so please, china and on who you really want to hear from i will introduce to the stage please welcome leila janah and laura tyson. [applause] good evening. Its nice to be at an event of such a nice space. When i first came here years ago, i did numerous things with the Commonwealth Club so it is nice to carry that tradition. Its a great pleasure to serve as your moderator tonight. We have an outstanding and inspirational leader, entrepreneur, ceo and founder of a Nonprofit Organization but also the ceo and founder at and i wasnt clear if you use the acronym. We are here to talk about her work in both areas and also to help her launch her new book, which we have here. I am married to a writer and it is important that we buy books. So i will be buying a book. [laughter] and i hope that we will get a preview of what is in the book in the conversation. Following the discussion, there will be a reception and books available. There are so many questions that one could ask. She has accomplished so much in such a short amount of time and in my conversation with her backstage, shes already thinking about the next steps and what she can do, so she is a great inspiration. Has a great inspiration. I want to start with the company that you first founded that gets a lot of attention deservedly so and i want to start with if you were doing and elevator pitch and its mission and everybody has a sense of what it is that this is trying to do, can you give us that . It means equal or balanced, and our mission is to connect lowincome people to work through the internet and put them out of poverty. We do without any really interesting way. We work with Large Data Services and Technology Enterprises that provide Services Like image tagging and other content services that use their Product Offering so we are for example giving the image tagging that powers a self driving car self a few prominent automakers. Given that missin mission, ye to link up to a number of organizations to help find these jobs. You have to find them, train them, link them and can find all those other organizations. And you are using the internet, so talk a little bit about the challenges or the way that you go about it how do you find a set of jobs at the people that you want to help train . I will start on the site of the people the whole train. Ive been working in africa for many years studying Development Economics and folks like the most powerful way was to give them a living wage jobs and one of the best ways to do that is through technology because all of a sudden you have a way to connect to someone living in a poor part of the world which means that they could make a lot more than they could make doing anything else selling to a local market, so it is a big council. What if i created a company that only recruited people that came from poor backgrounds which is obviously an unusual recruiting criteria. The only recruit people who make less than two or 3 a day the average income of all of the workers is about 2. 20 a day which means if they are employed at all it is in the informal economy doing things like early working in a quarry breaking big rocks into smaller rocks or selling stuff by the side of the road or to make a dollar 50 a day so these are the jobs people have before joining us we recruit and partner with many nonprofit status and abundance of the them in for the simple nairobi where we work and we train basic computer skills and we pull people into work with us fulltime. When i get into the details of the backgrounds the story they pitched to the client is we are a very highquality Data Services firm we provide Training Data for the best companies in Silicon Valley and the most machine advanced learning working at the forefront of technology so for example, the worker that i mentioned that used to brew this moonshine was one of the most prominent Auto Companies in the country working on self driving cars. We can train someone in a relatively short period of time because weve breaking down the process into smaller units of work. So that is how it works. The front facing operation here in the area is focused on highquality delivery results being a competitive enterprise and then on the background looks different from what people might imagine recruiting people from the backgrounds to do the work and pay living wages along the way. Your outward facing links have big projects and lots of ways they might source labor. Its being served on a project basis. What is your pitch for why they should come to you . There must be other ways you can source this kind of talent. I got wise enough to hire better salespeople can be. We are the highest Quality Service provider and interestingly when you hire people from the marginalized grounds especially in the areass the work there were no formal Work Opportunities and they take this extremely seriously. They will show up early to work and often people as ask isnt it hard to train people from these backgrounds and how do they show up. At the least of the problem is the work force. Its incredible. They are incredibly loyal to an employer that is willing to quickly pay far and above what they would make doing anything else and so as a result, quality is something that we can sell as a major attribute and the social Mission Peace comes in after we convince the client that we offer the best services. In terms of cost, we are not the cheapest option but increasingly for someone whos in charge of developing the next self driving car algorithm were smart chip for your phone to recognize spaces and images, that person is more concerned with quality and cost and wants to make sure that the data going into the algorithm is good data and i think that is of most social enterprises should focus on rather than selling the customer on the social mission we talk about it as the trojan horse. Its the icing on the cake. Thats an interesting point because also in your work you talk about the importance of the impact sourcing that there are companies out there for whom the social mission of the job for this kind of population or sourcing for diversity or some positive social mission has become more important, so its interesting you are saying essentially is secondary to the quality of the labor you can make the social case but it is an addo add on you get these hy professional committed individuals to be part of a team and you are addressing a social mission. All other things being equal as long as you are sure they thy will get quality results, why wouldnt you choose the vendor and once you find people start getting embedded in the contacts with us, i got so many stories of people that work at the Big Companies i was about to quit, i wasnt motivated by wanted to do something more with my life and then i started working directly with people moving out of poverty from places like kenya and india and haiti and i feel like i have a purpose again when i come into work and i can name the names of people because they felt more motivated to come to work every day and at some point we should quantify that and told up to the customers. Your book sites and people in the room no there are a lot of statistics indicating that certainly for the nova kneels the meaningfulness of their work as well as the technical challenges of their work those things determine whether they are loyal to the company and the job. Some of the project workers in Peace Companies may have as you said left, but the combining of the mission and the work is important for the younger generations. To use the statistics that they used the millennial in the workforce and found 80 of the millennials only want to work for a company that has a Strong Social mission and increasingly thanks to technology were able to discern who is actually delivering more and more we can show with factory on the floor looks like and the result of income surveys for the workers in the factory it becomes harder and harder to create a page that doesnt translate to the compans doing. Before we move on to other questions, i want to talk a little bit about the sum of the source that may be involved in doing similar activities in the u. S. , and i think that given the conversations going on in the ability of creating jobs for the workers and the various farflung often poverty places in the u. S. Is involved in that and how. School started several years ago and weve been running these ads on who, the Internet Tv Service its the refugees to do work for the companies he had we had a cute Public Service announcement and i got the nastiest email. Not joe the plumber, probably less charismatic visit the subject line was you are ruining america and then it said you and your kind are ruining america and sending our jobs to africa and its th the middle of a rec, how dare you do this and i read the email and my First Response was i was so livid at the time. Enjoying all the profits i am raking in i wrote this nasty email to him and then i wrote a nice email back and said i have looked at the unemployment statistics, i get where youre coming from, maybe we can adopt the model to work here and they wrote back the nicest response and said thank you for listening im sorry about the tone of my last email i lost my job recently and your ad made me upset because i want to do more to create jobs here in america and i feel like we are getting left behind so it inspired me to say maybe we can do something here in the u. S. And i think its important for the International Organizations to not be a silo. We have the distinction between people who work for the foreign ngos and people who work on domestic poverty and its tragic because it is the same issue. We tried a couple of different experiments working in the u. S. We tried to adapt a more similar model and it doesnt work because they have been outsourcing it for a very long time already so it is futile and we said what can we do to make sense for america so it turns out theres a study between 2005 and 2015 that have been in the independent work arena and that is contract work and get the workforce training in america aa has no instruction on how to benefit. Theyve done the jobs that have gone away ten years ago. What if we create curriculum to benefit from the platforms that gets a bad rap. We are not going to shift the whole economy by boycotting instead lets work with them and find out how to employ portable benefits and how we can prepare the most marginalized people in the society to benefit from these platforms and so thats what the school does. We have the first economy training or independent worker training for lowincome americans weve deployed in San Francisco and the signed a contract with the office of education and Workforce Development so that training is now going out to people. Weve seen amazing Success Stories going from 8 an hour where they have no flexibility, no online reputation to making 25 or 30 an hour on a platform like field nation where not only do they get this money but they also get the benefit of having an online reputation. If you do a good job on the task you get more clients and that reputational equity is something that they are used to having through the employee or reference checks. Its been many years in the city working to connect because you have to have the connecting organizations as well. You said in your work you often work with nonprofits because youve got to find a way to connect to the communities of the workers that were serving and debate help you do that. I think that in this case having the Mayors Office involved may help bring more opportunities to the workers that are going through this. I feel like we can do things i think you should be incentives for every City Government to procure the social enterprises. Lets talk about procurement because i think the impact sourcing has a lot to do with procurement as i understand it. So, your number we have 12 trillion of procurement going on. Thats just the top 2,000 companies. I did a task last year to empower women around the world and i said to the governance one thing you might do is procure. But isnt that hard of a task. In some developing countries the government are like 30 of the economy in terms of procurement and goods are bought and sold. So, if you actually want to work to bring jobs to those without jobs at the 2 or less a day or you want to bring jobs to the women within that category, you can do that through procurement. Its so simple. Its like weve hear heard that holding teach a man to fish and feed him for a lifetime, first it should be a woman, that is about 90 back we forget the best way to help someone isnt to give them a handout which is fundamentally a patronizing relationship saying look at me, i can give you this money but its to engage with them on a level to buy something from him or her and when you purchase something youre saying i value your contribution and i am willing to pay my hardearned money for what you are able to create and i think it is an empowering relationship especially for low income women who are so often told that they are worthless. One of the things i read when you were talking about your journey and how you got to come up with this, you were in high school and went to do a special semester teaching english and very poor part of the country in africa and one thing that struck you was people were really poor but they were talented and hardworking and people who if you gave them an opportunity they would make the most of it. So how can i possibly create utilization. That is a big part of the personal story of how you got to this place. My father is here in the audience and i owe a lot to his judgment education. [inaudible] [laughter] i can we have more allowance and he would say luxury is more ruthless than war, that was one of his famous lines. [laughter] i wish i could take all the credit for that philosophy that we were educated on this stuff and my dad would subscribe to the new internationalist calendars that have photographs of people in developing countries and aggregate statistics about povertwould gie would remind us we are here by an accident of birth and if it were not for that we could have easily been born in a slum in kenya were rural part of india so we were always told you are lucky by being born here and its not because you are a great gift to the universe that you are doing well. But it really stuck with me and i got the chance i got a scholarship i was one of those firstgeneration indian kids who applied for every scholarship in the Counselors Office and knew that was the only way i would afford to go to school so i got one from of all places a Tobacco Company. I remember they sent a 10,000 check in the mail to my house and my mom opened its like you got a check from a Tobacco Company and it was a scholarship for Community Service and at the time i wanted an adventure and to leave home and i was kind of reckless. So the Community Service you couldnt take it and go to africa. It was for a scholarship and i was convinced that it would be far more educational for me to graduate early and i found a Program Teaching english and i would love to see that it was a sense the motivation that was more the desire to have an adventure so i showed up thinking i would help all these poor african children learn english and they spoke like the queens english. They could name u. S. Senators and talk about bill clintons state visit to africa. They were more knowledgeable than most of my High School Classmates yet they were all from these 2dollar a day families and was a school for blind kids so imagine its hard enough getting an education in west africa. Imagine doing that when you have an additional disability. What struck me most was id grown up thinking my brother and i really were beneficiaries of the american dream. We were born here and went to good schools all of our lives and we had scholarships and both did a lot of odd jobs to make in so i assumed if you have the wilhad the willand the skill tod make it and it never dawned on me with my dislike fo what lifee vast majority of extremely talented people who happened to be born living in squalor. And it really needs a life in my mind of a lot of avoidable suffering that shouldnt have happened in 2017. We have openings in the world to fix the problem, it is a matter of distribution. You say that and i think that is right it is a matter of distribution and controlling for affecting the distribution of resources. You told a story about joe. Before we go on, for the audience talk about a couple of the lives that you have affected in africa. What has happened to the worke workers. I will start at the macro level because a member of the impact team here. I was at the world bank and i used to work in the Development Research group that is a think tank report that probably two people read. The more the better so we are lucky enough to have all of these incredible resources. The power of micro finance worked extensively in the world bank to come out with a Poverty Index in places they dont have the cash economy. They do baseline server surferso understand the income level they have innovative sixmonth surveys and then wed look at what happens after they leave us. Remarkably we see they move on average from 8 a day and stay at the higher income level three years after they left the program as it is a permanent not just for the workers but all of the income independence we publish all the data in case you are serious and we even do Quarterly Investor calls into quarterly learnings where we try to help people make sense of them and importantly theres a new trend around the auditing trials, so in the same way we would measure the efficacy of the new drug by giving a controlled experiment we can now do that with Poverty Reduction programs which is important if you think about it you are subjecting people to a program that may or may not work and its important to be responsib responsible. We trust embarked and get the first impact object which the results were published earlier this year and we did very well. It is an effort to basically look at effectiveness by taking some time because you are basically comparing your intervention with a nonintervention to see the extent. I was going to share a story. So, i share this story a lot because its kind of stranger than fiction. I met this man in nairobi and it is one of those places that looks at a postapocalyptic movie setting. Like a movie thats as 500 years from now the earth has devolved into people move to the space island. The saddest thing about the movie is both the slum schemes and rich peoples themes were filmed in auburn day in mexican cities. But it really looks like a scene out of one of these movies. Its a place you see open receivers and beautiful Young Children playing outside, people are dying of drugresistant tuberculosis and cholera outbreaks. It is a setting that should not be long in the modern world. In the slum there are between 802 Million People living and one of them used to be this guy cant do it and i met him outside islam after he started working and he introduced me to his home and there was an open sewer right outside and his of s daughter was playing next to it. He was living in a hutc hut wita tin roof, one tiny room in which he tried to poke and bring kerosene which is a major problem. He told me regularly if the broken into and all his belongings stolen, he showed me the bathroom and that he was often afraid to go because he could get mugged or attacked and he told me the most crazy things. So hes wearing a business suit in San Francisco and you would never guess his background. Hes extremely charismatic and showed up early for the meeting in a professional presence you ever imagine he came from this background. It turned out hed gotten admitted to one of the best schools on a scholarship and graduated from that of boarding school. By the way before he got selected, he had been orphaned. His mother and seven of the nine siblings died of a resistant tuberculosis. So here is this guy that was managed against every audit the universe to graduate from one of the best schools in the nairobi except they are 70 youth unemployment so he finishes the high school and goes back to the slum after he made a Huge Investment in his education. So often we think education is the answer because there are no jobs after the education than what is the point. In some ways it is worse because they are aware of what they are missing. So the only job he could get was selling local moonshine and he told me he took me to where they grew up and they had a degree in it from the western Kenyan University forced to live in a slum becaus because there are n. So talented young people with so much to offer and that are highly motivated drudging of sewer water to brew this moonshine mixed with kerosene and people told me they drink it to forget themselves. Its like sniffing glue. So they are selling this on the side of the roa road in our typl idea of someone selling this is that theres no way they could have a real job. Weve ever imagine someone selling moonshine on the side of the road in nairobi is someone capable of doing work for google yet that is exactly what happened. He gets into a Computer Training Program and finally i will fast forward last year in december i went to beirut because we watched a program at the World Food Program to train the Syrian Refugees additional work skills. He had taken his first flight out of the country to be the leader of this project so now hes trained over 500 people. He literally looks like a different person and that is what is possible when you find a way to take the scotland and give work and using all of the Wonderful Technology and employers you could use the technology to link to. We are running out of time and i want to get to a couple of other areas of. I want to get two more of understanding your own Business Model it is a nonprofit doing lots of things. You talked about opening a new training inewtraining in beirute doing rct and have impact assessment, so you have a budget. How do you finance the operati operation. You could have made it a forprofit. Tell me a little bit about the Financial Model and event related to that its sustainability you worry about the Financial Model going forward. We are stil still uninvolved wht comes to Business Models. We have the profit maximizing and then on the other hand we have charities and what we think about is whats make all the money we can doing what we need to do including polluting the stream and things Big Companies still do and maybe we will donate money at the end of the database Charity Model where you have companies that are illequipped and that is the traditional idea we have of business and charity but all of the most interesting social and Environmental Impact work is happening in the middle and a lot of earned revenue and nonprofits are in that space, nonprofits are getting a stream of revenue there are so many ones. We have Homeboy Industries in los angeles is that what you are, and earned revenue going back into sustaining and building the operation . They know they are not subsidizing a contract and revenue is going towards training and programs supporting a social Mission Objective on business and its actually profitable on the revenue. Thank you. [applause] taking the money from the donors and then earning the revenue what is the sort of breakdown over all of the whole summer source . We have a 16 milliondollar budget and the majority of that is in the Source Program as the earned revenue business and a small percentage of that is under the million right now and i hope that grows we are trying to work with City Governments around the world on that. Ssaid they would support the training. We are thinking about different Business Models. We took our Equity Investment so as a nonprofit window and a subsidiary and the work centers for example in kenya it is a forprofit business that we basically known as a nonprofit and we just sold equity to european impacting investor. It used to be the people of iran the finances were divorced from the Mission People so you foundations investing in the Tobacco Companies on a nonprofit site othenonprofit site of the n it makes no sense so w to me toe the investors not only avoid doing that but they proactively to good and i have a great example i got off the phone yesterday with a person from conservation international, one of the leading organizations that are building sustainable Business Models around protecting the assets so it is a company sourcing from the amazon and ecuador a rare ingredient that show local people they can make more money preserving the tree that creates a potentially profitable ingredient in by cutting it down and landing to a cattle farmer. So let me ask a little bit about your other company. Why did you choose the model and are there any links between them . Are they totally separate . I have a sickness for starting things, so when i had the idea i first went to my board and post like youre going to think this is crazy but i have this new idea ive come across an amazing ingredient in northern uganda. That is what triggered my question. You have an asset that you can protect and monetize. Sso i love going to the local markets when i travel and i love finding out the local people are using and i came across this ingredient is like an heirloom variety of shea butter and they have Beautiful Skin and its sad that they have to because they used this product. I wanted to get my hands on some and i go to get it and find out that it only grow grows wild onn trees that take 20 years to mature into the trees only grow in northern uganda, south sudan and parts of ethiopia. Its like a luxury item. I go back and remember flying back and looking at the chanel skin creams. Even if you are broke, always invest. So youre like an easy target. Im looking at the skin cream wondering if i should buy it and i look at the label and its things like red number five but they are allowed in the 200 ounces skin creams which by the way isnt going to the womenowned enterprises for enterprises that support women in the supply chain. And for the products that not only do they not do anything for us, they dont do anything for the world or the environment, so i thought maybe for the interesting opportunity if we could build a source model in the luxury space. You typically have enormous Gross Margins and tha margins ee women that are doing the purchasing. Very few of the products benefit women and supplychain and get the targeting all of the spending. This spending. Why not build a source of. For the nonprofi nonprofits to e an exit setting up through the corporation registration process as a forprofit. And the idea is that the time i started the source i was pretty agnostic structure and wanted to build a company who would move people out of poverty. It was kind of incidental and at the time they were just getting in so i think this is the most exciting space in between what we call social business, an and lonand onloss and non dividends that when you are freed from the profit motive of your investors but at the same time constrained by having to be sustainable as a business that is where a lot of powerful innovation can have been. Imagine i think its easy to criticize government ran programs at the social enterprises eliminate the bureaucracy and at the same time dont have the pressure to deliver the process at odds that is a Public Mission and there may be some Public Knowledge but they cant necessarily do it well so that is why they can turn to the source to try to help them so providing the procurement or dollars with this turn is very powerful. We will open up to questions and i think im going to add a talked about women. Thereve been a lot of stories lately about whats happened to the women in the tech community. They are first world problems. I know one of your comments. Some of the problems for women are much more extreme when you combine heavy disadvantage but the point is in your own story where youve been successful and have links with the community as an entrepreneur and you are raising projects from the Companies Like google. Have you encountered have there been any special challenges associated in these things to deal with and are there any low models that have helped you . Are their mentors that have helped you and have you managed in what sound one sense but a py hostile clients to have the success . I find the form that is most problematic is paternalism. Like people asked me about that once and i was like are you kidding or at a conference i was speaking at and they assumed i was somebodys girlfriend so its that kind of thing that undermines you write before you go on stage. But ultimately the problem is similar to the women in tech face that we dont have the Financial Resources but is the Biggest Issue if you want to solve the problem thats at a different scale. When i think about old models one of the people that inspired me to do this work started an Amazing Organization called world of goods and realized once you travel to these countries and seek when an ethnic these artistes of the products selling for a 20 200 they make them f0 cents and she realized what if i created a retail brand, paid living wages and retail them as a fair trade model so she built the first fair trade model for artesian goods and you couldnt say no to this woman so at the time if you had 40 employees i decided that they i would quit my job and do this fulltime and her company and became profitable and she sold to ebay and they became the first fair trade tired ai pioneer. We are often told that we need to have a family that needs to be this way. Ive had in amazing career doing work that benefits other people. She had a Strong Family and inspired so many of us in our space and had a dog this but thats desperately needed more leaders like that. I would say among the accomplishments we built it out and what is interesting about that story is often times one thinks of mentors or role models as someone that is generationally different and in this case the people of her generation. It was the importance of the models that you could sort of see the pathway. You could see okay i can do this. And this also goes to your paternalism that the expectations people carry around about women. We already have some questions lined up right there. Are you coordinating with other likeminded organizations to into the peace corps doing a lot of double bed for the successes for 50 years . Im glad you asked about and yes we have coordinated with a lot of them. Theyve been a mentor of hours for 20 years and what we try to do is basically help them implement certain programs. We have a group thats been launched where we consult others and help them build sustainable Business Models around digital work and we are also building a program again im going to be accused of being too broad, but we teach people how to be digital freelancers and its a huge marketplace you can sell the services as a translator or proofreader or administrative assistant. We piloted a vision of this that we created a Co Working Space and then once they start paying it can be profitable if you have an entrepreneur running a center as long as they are earning money by going to the center they can afford to pay to use the space and this model can be powerful in many parts of the littlworld we dont have the bandwidth to operate so we did that last week with a big micro finance organization to do Something Like that with them. Poverty researchers generally divide to the transition is at the population and then you have the population i think you are dealing with, so that means the government is left with the hardcore poor. Do you have any thought because nobody talks about how inefficient government. I worked for the trillion Dollar Agency probably doesnt come close. What is happening in the Public Sector . They are the ones that are really dealing with it. Im glad that you bring that up. I talk about this in the book but we had been working for many years in arkansas its in the Mississippi River delta and the population is what you would call hardcore poor intergenerational poverty intergenerational trauma that never gets talked about if you saw things happening politically recently it is hard to imagine that they could just bounce back from that and so in this area, it was a fight to get anything done. There was a bitter contract van america and arkansas. We had bad challenges with the literacy rates and it was layer upon layer and we realized we dont have the budget to sustain this and in order to make it work we would need a massive investment in infrastructure and Educational Opportunity and a range of different things. Part of the problems was there was no money to sustain if you live in poverty in new york city yes it sucks that there is a lot of walls around you thats creating institutions. No one is investing in arkansas but we had to shut that program down and try to transition it to the local agencies. I would say our learning from that is a few things. One i think we have a tremendous Infrastructure Project in the country and we cant be a developed nation and competitive with others that are investing massively in the education because of the way that we decided to distribute access and a second piece of this is i think procuring in the social enterprise if there were mandates that corporations could give tax breaks for the marginalized people we might see a change. Imagine if for every incarcerated person yo you hireo which i believe is the person that isnt going back to prison and therefore saving the taxpayer to 200 grand a year that it costs a comment there should be a tax benefit. I think we should be incentivizing. To me it is rated to list. The taxpayer dollars are going to subsidize moving into the city they should have obligations of high hearing people, ideally people that come from lowincome backgrounds to pay for various Government Services they might benefit from. I think this is starting to happen. There is aged subsidies, but its certainly happening at one fraction of 1 of the scale that it could be. I will not presume to know them all but we can use the needle with social enterprise. Theres a fair amount and a model of bipartisan thinking and support of incarceration in this issue of what are the programs that work to get the population as it comes out back int into te society and to the workers. So that is an area that im optimistic state, local and federal dollars will be employ employed. Its tremendously wasteful. They are increasing. Thank you so much for speaking tonight. I would like to know about what works in dealing with refugees and how they are planning the model for the refugee worker and when i say refugee worker i mean they are constantly on the move country to country and have very unstable home lifes. I started working through a partnership with care that the large humanitarian agency where they serve a lot of refugee camps and all of the infrastructure. The biggest challenge we face is that it is illegal to hire other countries because they are seen as competing with locals for other jobs. So they are sitting there in a camp unable to meet an leave ank solely dependent on food rations which is a recipe for disaster that became a recruiting ground and its no surprise because people are sitting there living in squalor with nothing to do, no economic opportunity. I think a few things can happen a lot of people are urging reform further work rights and saying you have the right to work and theres all kind of temporary worker programs being piloted about our exciting and i think the second thing is to skills that are portable. These are skills you can take with you and applied them wherever they happen to be. Aso theyve tried to implement a Training Program in different communities and thats model of getting people to find work on the platforms is very promising that sector is exploding and many people we find in the communities are educated and left behind good jobs at home so they are more than capable of doing this sort of work. Some of the organizations say they are big ones so youve got to do the digital work and have to have the equipment and broadband and the environment. Are you working in partnership with those organizations . I read this report but said the council had built these computer labs and people finished high school in the camp is the most depressing thing youve seen that people have actually lived there and tie your life is in this camp and then started taking Online University courses with satellite at the time intermezzo i said thats where we have to do this once Training Center is internet infrastructure and some of the places that the biggest obstacle is the red tape regulating. We have time for three more questions so go in order and then we will have to keep the rest for the reception. I will try to merge mine together. How did someone from outside of the Community Come in and find these individuals, how did you train them and can you do that on a larger scale basis because training is essential and number three is how do you get to products with Quality Ingredients to be [inaudible] i havent cracked it yet but i will let you know when i do. I will start with the quality piece. We have a lab in new jersey with all of the certification so we send materials and they help us formulate. One thing ive learned is again, the social mission will not sell the product. The efficacy and their selling proposition will sell the product informatio and the missa nice addon so we did clinical testing and its very surreal we show before and after his and then im like by the way this is also made by low income women in uganda and you were supporting fair trade practices. And then the best thing to do in the communities is to talk to locals and find out the organizations that are already successful at recruiting lowincome people. We said we know youve already work in the slums an said you e doing all kinds of empowerment training that you dont have a way to connect people in the programs to work so we come in and say we can be that provider of work if we can have some influence over the training youre doing if we give them a curriculum. So weve done that in the human needs project and they have a beautiful Training Facility they were hungry for curriculum that would lead to a job in the end. There is an ecosystem you can plug into. Thats important because you did mention the term scalability also comes up so the curriculum is something that can be scaled if you find the right partners all over the place. We have 50,000 people who have enrolled in the online curriculum and i think it is like 65 countries anyone can use that curriculum. A friends father works in development and used the curriculum to pack a Training Course for the somalia refugee women but now it they are doing more work and that i it is avaie for free so i would encourage you all if you are going to do the curriculum, please do. As more and more jobs are taken by machinery and technology what do you think our World Economy will be able to do to create jobs to those lost and what do you think the government can do to help businesses creating jobs in this area that is the trillion dollar question. I spent some time with the economists who are a little bit pessimistic about it. Its hard speaking with an economist because i cant throw out my random ideas. [laughter] i fact checked everything. I talk to people at the Machine Learning and facebook who worked on Facebook Messenger and i was talking to him about the messengers and is it going to take over of the messaging jobs and he said its going to be a long time they need so much Training Data you have no idea there will be so many jobs and creating that data so that future i think dennis figuring g out how your role will interact with the computer and how you can make the most of that hybrid. I think what youre going to see when i started keeping this work we were doing data entry and converting files into text files. Now that can be done by software at a High Accuracy level and this happened in the last seven years so as we have grown the business we have evil the services we offer in tandem with how technology is evolving. The best estimate is the singularity at the moment intelligence will eclipse human intelligence will happen in like 2044. Put the date on your calendar, midnight. [laughter] but until then there will still be quite a need to. The other thing we should be aware of is we choose the economic systems we live in. It isnt physics. We decide how we want to structure our systems into there was a time in the country during the Progress Administration we decided we were going to massively investing job creation to do all sorts of things. We had people i remember discovering this in the library of Congress People were paid in the government to record history in the south. There are archives i archives ay of beautiful spirituals that are sung in black churches in the south is somebody got paid to go and record by the government because we thought that it was important to preserve the cultural legacy of the south. These were the type of things we could choose to fund neighborhood Childcare Centers and fun to farmers markets. There are so many things we could choose to fund in the surplus machines can theoretically create and be ande competitive alanticompetitive ol labor or knowledge work and machines can do it for us on the robot attacks i think that is a good idea we can tax the gains made by the algorithms and invest in creating jobs that are not traditionally valued by the economic system. Im optimistic i just think it will take the will to reform the economic systems accordingly. For those of us to worry about it everything you say is true that but i sometimes get involved in technologies and im thinking how slow Society Moves to redesign its institutions and policies and social contract so we are like falling behind in addressing new structures. Im just wondering how do you help the participants and the learning in their first jobs and meaningful careers [inaudible] it is a very important and good question. Your answer to that, sometimes in your work and statements the notion of the living wage. Thats related to this because we want them to end up with a living wage. That is a really good question. Two pieces. We have to make sure we are paying living creatures and how to calculate it and that we are not coming up with ourselves. That would be a little biased. Luckily theres a pioneer model called the fair wage guide and you can look it up she brought together a group of academics to understand the cost of living and publish a neutral guide of the living wage in a region and at the very least we have to pay living wages and we partner with many different nonprofits that provide everything from Financial Literacy and we are providing micro loans and Health Care Insurance and transportation. One of the ways you can guard against the pressure to pay as little as possible is to publish and measure the score in the Consumer Tech world of the best measure of how well a company is doing is how well the clients would recommend it to a. Asking beneficiaries did we provide you a valuable service we actually do that with the workforce. The second thing is the knowledge economy is fundamentally different from basic manufacturing. When you are working in front of a computer and using the internet and exposed to marketplaces and the idea of building an online reputation and we force them to get Bank Accounts because that means they are part of the bank system that provides other benefits, your life dramatically changes. We even have workers start googling like what they should be making, what is the average salary for somebody in nairobi. It would never have occurred to them if they were disconnect from a computer. Theres a fundamental shift that happens when we move people into the knowledge economy and thankfully the data corroborates that if you look at the trajectory of the workers and all this data asleep, you will tend to find the state dramatically so long afte aftery leave the source. So i am left with a question what is your 62nd idea on how to make the world a better place . [laughter] actually, you have more than one. Shes going to come up with another one. [laughter] do you have some new ideas . I will summarize. We are often frustrated by what we see in the media and what our politicians are or are not doing. We are seeing the world we want to live in with the products we buy when we go to work in the companies, those companies are choosing to what we want to live in by the way they do their procurement. If we can influence how that happens, we can literally change the world. In south africa during apartheid and giving a span of three years, the uk reduced imports of the sabbath and textiles by 35 because consumers said we cannot agree with this unethical regime and we are not going to buy stuff from the regime until they change and they toppled the empire and it happened. We have the power to put every second and the more we do that as consumers the better we are going to live. Let us all think this think this inspirational find this inspirational powerhouse. [applause] ive been attacked by everybody, the rightwing, the russians, the trump campaign, the Sanders Campaign and now i can add to that list the clinton campaign. Former Committee Chair i was here at washington, d. C. She met a senator who was running and she has roots in illinois, she met a senator and told my good friend and we were on the third floor and she said she knew him. I knew a lot of people but i never heard of barack obama so we met him that the spring of 2003 and let me just say this, the rest is history. Sunday night at eight eastern on cspan. The name of the book is why wall street recovers that the econombut theeconomy never does. The offer