Transcripts For CSPAN2 Julie Albright Left To Their Own Devices 20240714

We are pleased to have with us Julie Albright, author of left to their own devices how digitial natives are reshaping the American Dream. Published this month by prometheus books. Julie albright is a sociologist digital and communication, a lecture in supplied psychology at the university of southern california. Julie albrights research is on the growing intersection of technology and behavioral systems. Her writing on digital culture, a number of scholarly articles, served as pure review or and National Science foundation, and the Research Council and variety of other professional publications. A sought after keynote speaker and consultant for insights Julie Albright has given talks at several energy conferences, served as a Research Associate at eharmony and appeared as an expert in National Media outlets, nbc nightly news, the wall street journal, the New York Times and in pr. In left to their own devices how digitial natives are reshaping the American Dream Julie Albright looks at the behaviors and morays of the nascent generation of Digital Natives. Those young people who never lived during a time without Digital Technology. Detailing in many ways the Digital Natives interaction with psychology is changed their relationships of people, places, jobs and other stabilizing structures to contend this generation in the process of a new way of life in the American Dream of past generations. Technology and connectivity has given Younger Generations an unprecedented opportunity to work or live anywhere. They are untethered from traditional aspirations, including increased isolation and loneliness and relationships, fragmented Attention Spans and what is more this rapid change, a widened chasm between Digital Natives and those brought up for the proliferation of Digital Technology the greatest generational gap in history. And appear go of rapid change, doctor albright offers fresh insight into the unintended effects devices have on family, community, business and society at large. Please background on approachi the subject. When using council and one is in sociology and a doctorate, marriage and family and sociology. In terms of the sociological trends happening in society and looking at the micro level on the ground, it impacts ourselves, our workforce, our relationship and things like that. It shifts back and forth between these two perspectives. Think about the context of what is happening and get into the more specific. One of the ideas than what is happening, i am sure youve seen the double helix of dna, youre familiar with that. That is one of the analytical trademarks in the book, the idea that two strands of dna represent Behavioral Technology and they are intertwined. The behavior shapes technology and technology shapes behavior. That is where we find ourselves now. Going forward, behavior and technology will never be torn asunder again. The double helix of dna and technology forms sociotechnical dna of society now. From that, new social behaviors, new ways of living, exploring and devices. One thing to think about, the second big idea, the cornerstone is we are coming untethered. When you think about what that means, millennials, Digital Natives, those that grew up in a world where there always was internet, they are in large numbers on hooking from things that were traditional for other generations. Things like getting married, like buying a home. Having children, going to church. These are the kind of behaviors that would have been routine, postworld war ii families. Younger people are unhooking from all these things and at the same time hyperattaching to Digital Technologies. If you look at what these things might mean, getting married, buying a home, buying a car, the American Dream. If you were to ask how you define the American Dream Something Like that is usually in the description of how people talk about it and think about it. What does it mean when we are unhooking, stabilizing social structures and attached the Digital Technology and it is changing everything. Part of what is changing his childhood. Only 6 of kids play outside at all anymore. 93 of adults spend their time indoors so Digital Technologies really distanced us from nature and kids used to wander around, you might remember playing outside when you were a kid, did you do some of that stuff . Routinely. There is another aspect of that, if you go hiking and go to the woods, and get around them and all kinds of things. All kinds of things, you have to find your way back, navigate back home from wherever you were in there are all kinds of challenges and kids now are not doing that because their experiences are increasingly digitizing, what is happening now, kids are not developing an important quality and that quality is called resilience. The idea that you can bounce back from a setback, you can overcome adversity. They called 911, to call the police because of a disaster that was happening in their apartment. This idea that, not sure how to overcome things, it is a little disastrous consequence as a result of not having resilience in this Younger Generation. And they grew up in a world where there always was an internet but we have kids growing up with mobility, mobile devices, smart phones that are internet enabled, ipad, laptops and all that stuff. Kids are being these is given these devices. There is a band called the tubes. They had an album cover called Remote Control in the album cover was a wink and a nod to think about the evil impacts of television, people thought television was going to warp kids brains and they had a tv in the kids face in a little crib. I will show you a picture here, and this is a real product on amazon where the kid has an ipad in their face from day one. Party chairs have that ipad right there, we are feeding Digital Technology to children before they acquire their language skills. Neuropsychologists, neuroscientists know that there is something called brain plasticity the childrens brains are malleable like plastic and what you put into them, the influences and things youre exposed to shape the narrow pathways, what is the outcome when we have babies like you saw, acquiring Digital Skills before acquiring language. What will be the outcome of that . We dont know yet. That stimulation of videos on youtube, the input and stimulation happening, most parents say they have the tv on at the same time and most report both going at the same time. There is always stimulation, noise, sounds, visuals coming in. What does that do to attention and thinking and neural pathways being shaped by that input. It is determined on the horizon. That is where we are in terms of Digital Technologies and the city guided that. So we could say this was rewiring brains, these children are going to think differently than you do and that is where we are. And people are coming untethered. One of the reasons they are coming untethered is so many choices. You heard christopher say that i worked as a researcher with eharmony and help develop their product and helped the match People Better when i first started coming out by dissertation. Eharmony was a webbased matching service. Tenders and grinders and all these things, what people are swiping. It becomes a game. What happened is presented to young people, and unlimited sea of choices in front of you in terms of romantic relationships. Wouldnt you think this unlimited sea of choices, just the right choice for you. But what happens is, we see this in consumer psychology but there is a paradox of choice of foot and the idea is kind of funny. The more choices you have, makes it more difficult to choose. And the market where they are digging out samples of food or cheese, the table set up, and samples of jam and the first they had 24 varieties of jam and try anyone you want and then gave a coupon to buy a jar of jam after that. The second day it came back. Instead of 24 varieties they only gave 6 choices and the same coupon to buy a jar of jam. Common sense, you would think the more choices you will find, like apricot, whatever the jam is you will find that but it turns out that is not the case. When people were attendance as likely to buy any jam at all when they had more choices as opposed to when they had less. We are in a situation where there is a paradox of choice called choice overload. The more choices they had it is harder for us to choose anything at all. People are swiping swiping swiping, find someone a little harder, richer and more interesting, maybe someone i dont fight with. They dont end of choosing anyone at all. A new study just came out, half of americans are not in a romantic relationship and 65 of High School Kids never had a romantic relationship. If you go back to world war ii a lot of people married their high school sweethearts. One high school sweetheart, they dont have that. It is really changing the dynamics of everything. One of the reasons i brought that up, all the swiping swiping is easy come easy go. You can get a date so easily people just disappear. It is called ghosting, they take off and dont contact the person again, dont text and it goes to somebody at one time or another. The choice overload, is now happening in the workplace. There is this idea you go to an endless plethora of jobs available, people are ghosting their employers thinking they can get another one and another one and another one. This idea of this endless sea of choices is changing peoples willingness to commit to something. Theres something incrementally better out there. It is changing the dynamics commitment. And and it changes what adulthood means. There are sociologists that studied the markers of adulthood, the 5 markers and heres what they are. Completing school, leaving home, becoming financially independent with a fulltime job, marrying and having a child. Back to 1960, by age 30, 77 of women at 65 did achieve all five of those markers by early 30s but if you fastforward now it is less than half of 30yearold women and a third of the men. We are living in a period of extended adolescence and that is part of the quality of untethered ring from these traditional markers. Some people say maybe we should just unhook from these devices and things like that but it is becoming harder and harder because in one sense they are addicted. I dont like that word. They have mobile phones available, they are baking in qualities that are similar to a one armed bandit slot machine and we talked about sampling fiction. Ever play the slot machine to do you pull the arm and things role and maybe you win and maybe you dont. I will try it again and the coins fall or the lights are going in the sirens because you won. That is exactly how instagram works, you are scrolling on the slot machine. Sometimes it is boring and nevertheless it keeps drawing you back in for more. The same behavioral drivers that are the most predictive of people coming back for more are based baked in so it is harder to put those phones down. Even the ding of an alert, a message, have you ever seen it go off and four people check the phones around you. Sometimes people are feeling a vibration that is not vibrating. Maybe there was, they want to keep checking and checking, people are checking, checking their phones thousands of times a day. The problem becomes this, going back to the horse and buggy days. The combination of devices, unhooking from the stabilizing social structures left particularly younger people, we are seeing the highest rates of anxiety, depression we have seen in full years. Im at the front lines of this, dont know if you realize this but in colleges, a quarter of students are on some kind of psychotropic medication for mental disorder. The key is coming untethered means coming on board, we dont have stabilizing social structure that are stabilizing peoples mental and physical health and so we need to reinvent that and how can we do that . As we pull away from these social structures how can we create new structures that provide stability to young people . We have a problem on our hands. That is the background on this project. I will read to you a little excerpt from one of the chapters so you can get a sense of the flavor and style of this book. This is called the untethered adult. Hopefully it will give you a sense of it. Chapter 3. The untethered adult, Greenwich Village new york city. It is a bit small, roy said with a wins as he unlocked the door to the apartment in the west village, my home for the next few days. Roy was drawn to new york by his dream of the bright lights of broadway ever since he caught the acting bug in high school yet moving to manhattan and making it there proved much more difficult than the dream. Tall, thin with dark hair, light eyes and pale skin, his protruding round ears gave him a mouselike appearance. After his acting career failed to launch he took a job at the apple store in midtown manhattan renting out his room on air b b, staying with his girlfriend. Roy seemed friendly as he rushed through a tour of the tiny living room and kitchen. When he swung open the door to my room, i caught my breath seeing how frantic it really was. This literally filled the whole room side to side. The only free space was a 4 foot wide area at the end of the bed to turn around in. Stepping inside i was overwhelmed for a moment but the smell of sweat, mens cologne and worn shoe leather, my heads one for a section and i searched for something to anchor me in the claustrophobic space, regaining my bearings. The room was actually for the marvel of urban organization. Every square inch was utilized and neatly organized. A small shelf jetted out from the wall next to the bed to hold a glass of water or cell phone and alpha closet system across from the bed held a small tv. Winter coats hung in descending order on the back of the door. And on risers so high that even at 5 foot 9 i literally had to jump to get in. Had i been any shorter i am not sure i would have made it. Rosa shoes line the shelf underneath. I was thankful for the windows overlooking the avenue of the americas that gave me some breathing room in this tiny space. Outside, the news was winter framed by a great black balcony. I can see every day life persisting below the snow. Trucks piled up and hustled things to intro through the snowbanks into Stores Across the street. People went past on the sidewalk with scarves and hats and shiny hunter beats against the cold. Many had sweated dogs ambling alongside. Roy rushed out by pointing out the travel sized bottles of shampoo and conditioner left on the bed, sitting neatly next to the shampoo atop the instructions was a small orange origami, i picks up a tiny bit of incongruous sunshine on this gray wintery day and turned it between my thumb and forefinger for a closer look and stepped back outside the room to look around. All three bedrooms opened onto a windowless living room. On one side large opaque plastic storage boxes full of neatly folded clothes were stacked floortoceiling against the wall. A brexit bar jetted from across to the kitchen serving as a dining table, and the alpha storage system below neatly holding their silverware, glass and dishes, pegged under the kitchen cabinet, spoons and spatulas and other equipment and that is already a collection of small cans cascading down the right side of the cabinet. A single diminutive and oddly angled bathroom hid behind the kitchen containing a small disaster, more like it was so dainty that only a small child could stretch out and it. Roy had three roommates and all three shared this tight space, a comparable appointment in los angeles, the room next to mine houston other air b b, strawberry blonde, i would come to new york during internship. Although polite and pretty she always seemed preoccupied with something. It seemed so strange that none of the roommates were ever there and instead two transient visitors occupied their space was next week two transient roommates would meet in their tiny space. Roy, his roommate and iris, a typical, untethered adults, young, professional, urban and on the move they would rather rent then own and are increasingly single. According to the 2010 census, almost half of manhattan some neighborhoods rising threes 2 thirds single. This uptick is not unique to manhattan but is instead of indicative of a larger trend sweeping the nation as millennials postpone or avoid getting married altogether, forming relationships, getting married and having a family were wellestablished aspirational goals from earlier generations. Getting married and having a family is legal, after world war ii, prided themselves on getting married and having a home in the suburbs with 2. 5 children, a dog and a Station Wagon in the driveway. These were not only markers of adulthood but symbols that one had achieved the American Dream. Marriage and establishing a family home are two of the steppingstones in a series of milestones put together for the transition to adulthood. Sociologists have studied this transition for decades and have identified five key markers of adulthood, leaving home, becoming financially independent with a fulltime job, marrying and having a child. We are seeing a shift in the achievement of these milestones compared to earlier generations and they say by the 1950s and 60s most americans viewed family roles and adult responsible it is as synonymous. For men the defining characteristic of adulthood with having the means to marry and support a family so for women it was getting married and becoming a mother. Most women in that area married before they were 21 and had at least one child before they were 23. By the early 20s most young men and women were recognized as adults both socially and economically. Young people in their 20s into their 30s are uncovering in large numbers from the traditional markers of adulthoods choosing instead to experience what can be thought of as an extended period of adolescence. Because the markers have moved, the road to adulthood has become fraught with anxiety as the path becomes unclear. Writer julie beck put out a to leaders of the atlantic to gather stories of the rocky and uncertain road to adulthood. Mary responded. Her anxiety is palpable as she discusses the dizzying array of choices available to her making the achievement of adulthood difficult. Here is what she said. At 28, i can say a lot of the time i dont feel like an adult. Being a millennial and trying to be an adult is wildly disorienting but i cant figure out if im supposed to start a nonprofit, get another degree, develop a profitable entrepreneurial venture or travel the world and make it look effortless online. Mostly it looks like taking a job that will never pay off my student debt in a field that is not the one i studied. Then if i hold myself to the traditional ideal, what it means to be an adult, i am also not nailing it. I am unmarried and not settled into a longterm financially stable career. Recognizing im holding myself to an unrealistic standard considering the economic climate and the fact that dating as a millennial is exhausting it is unfair to judge myself but i confess i fall into the trap of comparison often enough. Sometimes because i simply desire those things for myself and sometimes because instagram. My ducks are not in a row. They are wondering. Like maria many millennials are wondering. Millennials i wandering from job to job, home to home, and relationship to relationship. Digital technologies serve as the connective tissue that keeps networks intact. This reconstitution of their social networks from analog to digital allows more degrees of freedom of movement away from any specific physical locality and wider base of friends. Most folks in previous generations didnt want her farther than 18 miles from their mother but on the other hand almost a quarter now havent left home at all whether as a financial necessity or as a way to simply enjoy the comforts of childhood a little longer. This represents as markets move away from the path to adulthood by previous generations. In 1960 by age 30, 65 of men, have achieved all 5 of the markets of adulthood. By the year 2000 him if you are than half of all 30yearold women and a third of the men have. A recent study of young adults age 18 to 25 and their romantic relationships found the most Prevalent Group was composed of those who said they were postponing a serious relationship. Only 10 of the group has yet to experience a romantic relationship of 3month donation by age 25. These findings prompted researchers to suggest perhaps the definition of what is normal steps toward adulthood even our needs to be revised. One of the things missing today is the word commitment. I started that chapter with a quote from william murray, a world war ii, and outdoorsmen. In sutherland highlanders during world war ii was posted in the middle east and what happened is he became captured as a prisoner of war. He spent time in prisoner of war camps in germany and czechoslovakia and italy and while there he started writing a book on the only paper he had which was the rough toilet paper the gestapo gave him but it turned out the gestapo discovered this book and took it away from him and destroyed it. Much to the other prisoners surprise he started again to write this book on another row of toilet paper. They thought he would never climb again, near starvation mode, taking the book away from him but he finally got out in the work was published in 1947 and it was followed by another one in 1951. He was credited with getting people excited about nature. This book called the scottish himalayan expedition 1951 and opens the chapter on the untethered adult. Here is what he said. Until one is committed, there is a hesitancy, the chance to draw back, always ineffectiveness. Concerning all acts of initiative and creation there is one elementary truth, the ignorance of which kills countless ideas and splendid plans. That is the moment one definitely commits oneself, providence moves too. All sorts of things occur, and the decision raising in ones favor, meetings and the system which no man could have dreamed would come his way. Whatever you can do or dream you can, boldness has genius, power and magic in it, thank you. Questions . Do you have any questions you would like to pose . How do you take away a device from a teenager when they are so addicted to these things . Seems like it is part of them. If you are going to punish them you take the device away and they become another person. It kind of speaks to this tethering. It is difficult, isnt it . One thing we need to do as adults is be good role models. We should ascend aside some secret spaces, no device time. One of those is the family dinner table. When we all need to do this, not just kids, a time we can reconnect to each other facetoface. Having a phone on the table is distractive from the conversation. The idea they are out of sight out of mind and having those times that is what is going to happen and reconnecting with each other and their relationship is important. In the book i also talk about an tethering from the body and nature so those are a few other things, going for a walk on the beach or whatever it might be, all these things are diminishing. Making time for these things where we reconnect to nature, our bodies, physicality, to each other, making things, a whole raft of things we can do. Its not hopeless situation but beginning to create new habits and patterns is important for all of us. Thank you for the question. Twofold, why did you write a book . To declare a book. Guest i wrote 7 book chapters about aspects of how online life and connectivity, always the bridesmaid, never the bride. I knew i had a lot to say about this issue because i have been studying it my whole career. I have a particular interesting take having both sociology and counseling background. It started as a white paper with usc energy institute, working with the ceo of chevron and we kept talking to these ideas and i created a white paper about becoming untethered and realized there is a lot to say and a lot of different factors, it expanded into a book like project. That remain secret at the moment. I have proposed a followon. Thank you for asking. Every generation complains about the Younger Generation and the massive change, thinking about rock n roll and that crazy time. Does it make sense for us to try to stop this change or to embrace it . One of the things people talk about. I have been in conversation with all of the Top Technology guys the world, and behind this project. One of the things, these are the smartest guys in the room and one of them brought this up. The thing people dont account for is the accelerating pace of change. They say we had a car, what they dont understand is it took 30 years until the majority of people had a car, that is generations to adapt to that. If you look at Digital Technology, ipads or the internet, the adoption curve is almost a Straight Line up, and, and, and that is something we need to account for, and, one of the things like railroads and ships and all these things, they reach majority adoption. We dont take into account that pace of change. Great question. We talked a lot about relationships and marriage particularly as a shifting factor. Why have you drawn the connection directly to Digital Technology and not the new ability to tell women this is what they have to do. Certainly you are seeing changing norms around single motherhood and all that. What im trying to do is illustrate what is changing and what the patterns are. What i do well i think, i see the constellation in the stars. I see a lot of disparate studies that are linked. You dont necessarily see it but if you see it under the umbrella of the coming untethered you start to see how the patterns fit together. The reason i talk about relationships, i focus on the adult chapter and that is one of the focuses, there is a host of information out there, research that shows the people who are in committed relationships are healthier and mentally healthier. We have a Mental Health crisis on our hands at this moment so it is one of the things to think about and what i am suggesting with Digital Technology is shot out of the box like a horse race and it has gone on long enough and more people are connected that we can start to see the unintended consequences showing up of that and of these dating apps and things like that. Im trying to say lets take a step back and observe where we are and decide if we go on with business as usual that is fine with me. I just like people to make informed decisions about their lives in these decisions will change everything, the workforce, every social institution we can think of. It is a matter of stepping back and assessing where we are to decide if that is where we want to be. Thanks for the great question. You mentioned there used to be a five things that made a person feel like an adult. Now Digital Natives are an tethering from that. What are the new things that are making people feel like an adult if these things are no longer the norm . Good question. We are going to see a lot of changes and some of these changes, come into the workforce, more kids being born out of wedlock. A lot of the things we talk about, retain workers are attracted workers, youre going to have a whole bunch of single mothers coming in now. What policies need to change around that . What do we need to do to support single mothers and the workforce . That is one example. A moment of exploration, the idea that anything is possible. People are floating around working all over the world, Digital Nomads and things popping up like infrastructure for that. Code living and coworking spaces rising up to meet the Digital Nomads. Behaviors and attitudes and values change, other institutions are changing around them and welling up. We are in a moment of redefining what it means to be adulthood and i dont think we have settled on anyone thing but multiple things at the same time. Thanks for the question. Semi formulated questions. I ended up a venture capitalist by we by way of the international banker. The pace of technological change is fast and allconsuming. Going into banking was a shock because it was slowmoving 30 or 40 years ago. In a way the Financial Markets were a break on the speed of technological change. By the early 90s financial working for finance, the bonds got traded much more quickly. Even mortgages got packaged and now we are doing things with ai and the markets are dominated by ai. This removes the brakes on the traditional financial judgment or turning to ai to make meaning so society as a whole, including professionals in society are no longer to keep track of what is going on. Their algorithms, if we continue in this path of allowing things to be automated including before breaking system, didnt plan to ask this question but looks like we are heading toward a breakdown in terms of our ability even to conceive of what we have done to ourselves. Ai is alarming in that regard. I dont think we can turn it over to machines or algorithms to decide what our society should do. It is enormously dangerous even though we have never been very good at it but this is an application of a very alarming kind. It is as good as the information that set into them. I think it is fascinating but some are all in all the time. If we get messy humans out of the picture we would have a much better world and i hear that and that is what you are getting at here. Some of the ais were programmed for example to identify work candidates. The resume in the Tech Industry was typically men so they identified all the men as the best candidates for the job. Is that the way you want to go with it . This idea that there is no check and balance to it and the idea of a technical utopia that will do a better job than a person, there is some bias in that or some misunderstanding of the implication you are pointing out. We need to think about that, what information is fed in, what ai is Artificial Intelligence and what we are talking about. This is just the next step of digital acceleration that will untethered people from the workforce. I talk about that in the worker chapter because to me if a business is trying to maximize their productivity and efficient lee, if an ai is faster and better, that person will lose their job. If you amplify that level we will have serious, massive scale societal problems. We dont have very good plans for yet. The plan is just to pay people universal basic income but to me that is a partial and incomplete solution because it doesnt take into account the social or psychological aspects of the job like meaning and purpose in the social aspects and organization of time of your day and things like that. To what extent, is the sort of, you said it to cry because what youre getting is a break from the social contract from the very assumption that a person has a stake in the social norms. Weve had this before in our society where weve made people outcast, and will receive is a lot of in turn to crime. But because its a way to a living but partly because they dont care. They have no commitment to anybody around them. There really untethered. Right. Thats great, right. Is any of this threatening . Thats exactly right. As people untethered from neighborhoods thats exactly the problem. They dont have a stake in the game who cares about the bond we were voting on . I dont care, a multiranking. Ill be someplace next week, next month, next year. Its lack of rootedness in a a neighborhood that will make that difference. One of the trends a talk about, the changing value system emanating out of the untethered is they call trends actors versus owners, they are increasingly trans actors, borrowers renters of things as opposed to an owner class, and thats going to be magnifying the difference in the have and have not society. Combine that with wiping out of jobs and there you are. Thats why we need to think more about where were going, otherwise you comes the pitchforks and torches. We really need to think about what the implications are for coming untethered. Right now its a choice but as the ais and automation is faster, some point may not be a choice, people might be forcibly untethered from things because the changing circumstances. Lets take one last in the back. Lets look at the age population of 50 plus, maybe to 95. Whats the Technology Adoption in this area . The reason i ask is when they need their kids, grandkids the most, they are way, their social isolated so that is an impact on their health. Is there an adoption of older segment so they feel more connected and they recognize whats that trend . Are you talking seniors . Sure. 5095, a large age gap understand. I would say the younger set that is still in the workforce, some of the trends of an tethering are starting to lets say bleed into older generations. For example, hey, i can work on my laptop at starbucks, why do i need to come into an office . Younger people are saying hey, not only do i have the ability to work remotely, i have a right to work remotely. Most of people are saying that now. So older people in the workforce are saying wait a minute, why cant i i work at starbucks ony laptop . Its these new behaviors and values are starting to leach into older workers, for example. As far as beyond that, the numbers show a less tech adoption, less likely to be connected wirelessly to the internet. My 70 something neighbor who held up his iphone one day and said i dont know what these apps are and i dont want to know. Im not an app trier. I can show you how to use them. He doesnt want to know. Hes not an app trier. Use all kinds of of the people who are immersed in it. I think that people are trying to design ai for seniors and things like that, that are maybe aging out of, maybe need some home health and it can detect if theres a dementia episode or some kind of health episode. Maybe thats going to be part of healthcare for seniors. We still have this thing where we innately need connectivity. We are social creatures and having a senior person isolated with an ai agent, some kind of little cartoon character, im not sure thats going to bring enough of that connectivity back to them but that some of the work thats underway now in that area. Thanks for asking. [applause] thank thank you so much. Thanks for being here. Thank you for a great discussion and thank everyone for coming out tonight. She has offered to sign some books if youre interested. You may just grab them off the display there, have them signed and purchase them on the first floor. Thank you, christopher. [inaudible conversations] you are watching tv at cspan2. Cspan2. For a complete Television Schedule visit booktv. Org. You can follow along on social media at booktv, on twitter, instagram and facebook. In the wake of several iranian attacks on oil tankers the Koch Institute held a discussion on congressional war powers regarding iran. Experts looked at past authorizations for use of military force and how they could be used by the Trump Administration to justify military action in iraq. This is one hour and ten minutes