We will leave this program at this. To take a life of the discussion on a new report on irregular migration on the smuggling of migrants in mexico. This is hosted by the center for strategic and international studies. It is just getting underway live here in cspan2. Is a gorgeous thursday afternoon before labor day. I think this is a really important topic and the really important report that we are putting out right now. I appreciate all of you taking the time out to do this. Before i give a brief summary of the report which i hope all or most of you were able to get, it will be posted online by the way right after this event. I wanted to say a couple of thank youse, first is to the Ford Foundation that we are just completing our second year of funding with the Ford Foundation, they have been a great partner with us. Thank you to the Ford Foundation for believing in us, slightly nontraditional partner for them on this. I want to thank my coauthor, the Carmen Garcia who is currently a louse working for unicef. If you are watching online, hello carmen. And then i want to thank our panelists who i will introduce in a minutes. This is an issue that has come onto mine and our team radar more and more over the last couple of years that we have been looking at this. It really is an issue, this issue of regular migration that is frustrating in a lot of ways. When you talk about people who are moving without some sort of regular status, so often you are talking at least in the United States about Illegal Immigrants. In the report, we shouldnt say that Illegal Immigrants dont exist, they do, but they are a small subset of the overall stock of migrants globally that doesnt have status and is in able to move through regular orderly and safe means. Theres a really important conversation to be had about what to do for those people and with those people. I see this report is the beginning of a conversation. We need to be having more conversations like this in policy circles, we need to have more panels like this in more discussion and roundtables this real phenomenon of people on the move in desperate people moving out of desperate circumstances, most of the time and what we do about that. The shadows contract is one that we have thought about here at csis because the regular migrants not only live in and travel through the shadows, but the idea of the regular migration has been one that has been caught in the shadows are broader forced migration forced displacement and migration conversations globally. Those conversations typically revolve around people with internationally recognized status. These are Illegal Immigrants, i think those are really important architectures that we have for those people and we need to maintain those and we need to strengthen those. But a regular migration is a critical global and underappreciated phenomenon, hence the existence of this report and hence why you are here today. We estimate there are over 100 million irregular migrants, slightly more than our friends at iom. We have taken our own slightly broader definition of irregular migration, the reality is, we dont know. It could be an overblown estimate, could be a conservative estimate, a lot more work needs to be done on this and we hope that we can do it. Heres where i Say Something controversial. People in d. C. And the United States and europe and elsewhere dont really like to talk about migration right now, csis is a bipartisan institution, we are not in the gotcha game. We want to present good, credible bipartisan solution to the challenging global issues of our time. I think the u. S. Needs to take a leadership role. That is my controversial opinion. I think that even in todays political environment, ignoring the root causes of why people are moving irregularly and only focusing on people who are arriving on the border and the size of the wall is a mistake. I think that mistake has long term ramifications. We, carmen and i and our program here argue that silent [silence] hello . That was for all of you folks on cspan2 that broke rally to join us here on csis. I think the u. S. Leadership is both critical and feasible. Realistically not on everything. This is where my controversy a low opinion maybe gets tempered with a little bit of reality. But, i actually think ignoring this issue is not an option and so, thank you again to all of you for being here and i would like to invite brian, cindy, and key to the stage for what i know will be a very interesting conversation. Are we good on these microphones . [applause] two everybody can hear us . Great. We have the plan. You probably came in small part to get a free copy of the report and thanks for doing that and hopefully you got one, but i hope you also came to hear from three people who i think are really important in this space, they are addressing this and other issues from a host of different perspectives, so i think its not just about the report and is not just about listening to people like me, one of the benefits and privileges of working at csis is that i get to email people like brian, and cindy and say, we are doing this thing, would you be a part of it and thankfully they say yes. Brian, i want to start with you. You are the head of the Community Stabilization you and unit also know it known as iom. You have been with iom since the year 2000. And you have worked in the boston, afghanistan, indonesia, nepal, iraq and countless other places. You are a published author yourself on Climate Change and displacement, you have a handbook on communicating with disasters communities and relevant for a later part of this conversation i think you have also written about libya and labor migrants by offering and libya from those caught in the crisis. So brian, if i could just ask you a broad question first about we talk about shadows in this report where migrants find themselves, you work with stabilization and in some of these places where the shadows exist, can you talk just a little bit about how you think about these issues . I must begin by thanking you for the opportunity for such an esteemed panel. Its great in the report is very helpful in the commit will weve had a few years now is really important. So thank you. I look at the issue probably mostly through the eyes of the people that i have met, the faces of the people in the confrontations that i have been fortunate enough to have over time the couple of anecdotes im in which is a historical transit. For migration corridors heading north. I met this 17yearold guy from and he had just come back after a sales trip to europe. He told me about the consistent, horrific events that had occurred. Until then he had been imprisoned in libya and he told me with a smile on his face and his and his and eyes about, it brought me back to a philosophy class where we talked about the best day of his imprisonment in libya when he was sold from a north african prison owner because he thought he would be deemed to valuable enough to live. Just last week there is an article in reuters about 15 migrants that were trying to cross, 14 of the 15 died, the one gentleman from ethiopia survived and was talking about the boats and the ships that were passing and he saw their faces and they moved on. Its horrible so what is it means to me . When you get too attached to the horrific stories that we face it can affect you personally. So we have to take a step back a little bit and take a look at some statistics and numbers and we have to wrap yourself in that for the missing migrants project 1750 that have died so far this year, thats down from three years ago where it was over 5000 and at least now theres a little bit more of an understanding of data. If you go back to libya i remember when qaddafi was killed in iom, my organization was being asked very reasonable question, how many migrants are in libya . Check out the press release as you go back and look at it, 75000, 150, 250, i didnt know. Just did not know what the answer. Now approximately 670,000, 80 male, 10 are minors it also mean we rethink vulnerability and when you apply that to migrants. When you think tradition, have done a lot of humanitarian at this honor for global development, the incoming Vice President s at Refugees International. Ia really cant blame to hear you talk a little bit about what youre going to do at refugee international. I think its very interesting and relevant. You were director of policy at the state department of cso, a conflict and stabilization, you are Senior Advisor to the counselor and chief of staff of the state department and you have done some really incredible things throughout your career. Thank you again for being here. You have tackled these issues both in the migration for displacement, you see some of the regular migration stuff from research and of policy and go from within and outside of government, can you just talk a little bit about your reactions to what brian said or this issue . Thank you. Its a real honor to be here when its been really fun to have this collaboration, different agencies can play nice together. Absolutely. Its been great because as you said, the need for more attention and i agree with your controversial statement of a need for leadership on these topics. So, you caught me in a little bit of a philosophical mood. And i read your report and congratulations on it. It did make me think about some of the questions and ideas you pose there around what is the states of those postworld war ii order, the 1951 convention on refugees, the protocol and the caveat here is that most of my research and work has been focused on refugees so i come at it from that angle. I completely agree it is time to take a step back and that we shouldnt yes there are real refugee protection concerns in the world and im so proud to have joined Refugees International because i think we need those independent voices out there but we also have to grapple with the fact that the world order is changing and we can either approach it from a position of and say we have to clamp down and protect what is there and protect the institutions like thats providing Invaluable Services for some of the most valuable people in the world. We can clamp down or we can you know, take a fresh look and saying this is going to be a challenging time was a little bit more about the research he really challenged us to take an approach that we know will be longerterm to rebuild the system and very interested in your approach because i think theyre not perfect and will be perfectly implemented but they are the next step in trying to outline the future of the architecture that we need. I was really moved by what you said about the experience in libya about who are the most vulnerable. Of course this has evolved and its really a around to where the mass of people who are most vulnerable at the time. But we have to question it. When so from the research that i have been doing, just a few but not just myself but also my colleague and this is mentioned in your report around thinking about the Central Americans who are fleeing and that is at the top of the political discourse. Some of the rigorous work that they had done finding that there is no way to disentangle people who are fleeing violence from people who are also looking for economic opportunity. Its a mix. In using statistical methods you can say there is this relationship, it increases in particular municipalities and the presence of longterm unemployment and underemployment. So, it really challenges us to think about how we cant separate if someone answers on a survey i came for economic opportunity, it could be that on the school may have been closed because of Gang Violence in their neighbor was targeted and may be that doesnt respond to the definition of Refugee Status that exists, but they are really fleeing difficult circumstances. So i think theres an opportunity to bring together different methods and create a better understanding of vulnerability and displacement today. One other thing i really appreciated about your report is that it does talk about a spectrum. It challenged me to think about looking at refugees where some government like turkey has provided permission for people in turkey but only in specific places so in the news recently the fact that there was reports of the deportation of syrians who are not in the government but they were registered in. Again, theres a spectrum of situations and so even for refugees and those who have Refugee Status or situations, even their status can be regular in some ways, its just another example that came to mind. Just to give us a teaser on the work that ill be doing at Refugees International, it is really around how to better take that fresh look and better understand also about how the public if thats too general of the term but how does the public think about migration and the enforcement placement and refugees in particular, but in that example of someone whose neighbor has been killed, mother has been threatened, i do believe that the quote on quote average person or many people we can say look at that and say, that person deserves protection and we should see what that looks like we have to do a lot of work to build consensus around these realities and yet even touch on climate vulnerability. So we have to build a consensus. Around the understanding that they do need public support. And we do need leave leadership on also engaging in public dialogue and Public Education about vulnerability and protection and what that means from a very basic human level, and also what that means at the level of systems and institutions. I almost always say this in panel even though there have been challenging times on refugee and asylum issues recently, i am an optimist and i do had to believe that these challenges which will affect not only the United States but has already affected some the countries that there is a way for it. I will end with one last a country that i have been looking hat that is providing a lot of leadership is columbia. So many venezuelans and taken a very positive approach and some of the research i have done talks about that given the right to work, not only permission around residency or status that refugees are actually given the right to work and allowed to contribute. I think there are governments that are keeping the doors relatively open and seeing that optimism and potential opportunity in hosting refugees or even those without status. You brought up about a zillion really important points there. Just to i wanted to highlight. I had the opportunity last week to help lead a course were a bunch of journalism students and they chose venezuela and displace venezuelans and their status issue as their topic. And so together with my colleague we were the topical experts on this and i learned a lot about why we do this verbal dance every time we talk about venezuela. We talk about migrants and refugees. We talk about venezuelans living in refugee like situations. Theres this stance that happens in it was an important. That we figured out through the course of that week which was part of the reason is because countries like columbia are affording a version of temporary status and so if we go full on into the refugee asylum push, it may actually have overall negative consequences in the grand scheme of things. It was the unintended consequences all of that to say these are really complicated issues and there is no easy answers. And if i could follow up on one point, i do think its time when things are shifting and really what is on the ground and what the political narrative approaches potentially even more important so that if you think about these examples where there could be an aunt attended consequences to both practically and politically speaking and looking at a status that seeing are there places where it could grow were columbia could be a role model for other countries in the region and also think about how we build the system from the bottom up is really important. It sounds like you had last week. They were phenomenal undergrads that were not topical experts though are asking all of the right questions and making me hopeful that the future of journalism. The other. I wanted to make was the. About potential americans. We have this case study on mexico and the idea is not to talk about mexicans coming to the United States as we. Out in the case study 1995 called and they want their problem back. Thats not whats going on right now. There are some mexicans coming north, but more mexico even though his policies and psyche in our psyche towards mexico and our policies towards mexico, is focused on mexico going north. The reality is that mexico is in that receiver of people right now. They are having to deal with the influx of the Central Americans the haitians in the venezuelan symbionts and by the way, mexicans that are leaving the u. S. Are going back to mexico. Their systems are not really set up for that. You were talking about this and is part of the research we went to the guatemalan border and to the cover of this is from a migrant shelter in southern mexico. When we are talking to people down there this idea of what you and michael have done Excellent Research on how if you asked someone though so yeah, i came for a better life. But if you peel back the onion just one layer, its because of the reasons you said. Its because if im a woman walking at night and i live in a poor neighborhood in their is not a light in my neighborhood im at risk of Sexual Violence or maybe i dont have enough money to have a lock on my door and so we are at risk of just vandalism, and robbery at any moment. Maybe thats not topoftheline for that person when theyre answering the question on the survey. But if you peel it back just a little bit im willing to bet most of those people are im glad there are more credible researchers than i better backing up that theory. Thank you for that. You are the chief operating officer at the medical corps, you maintain an affiliation with George Washington university. You are at tulane before, you are a man of many hats. And we are very happy to have you here. You were relevant to this conversation, you are also the head of the office of Foreign Investors system in the Bush Administration at usc aig. So, you have, these issues from a host of different perspectives, academic practitioner, government official. So, how do you think about these issues . First, i want to congratulate you on the reports into really keep the migration issue at the forefront. I think this through its true in the sense that the urgency with which we have to come up with a better way to deal with migration. I think your report noted that perhaps the rising sea levels may actually be a and an entire country could be underwater. What we do with that population . In new orleans where i live in louisiana, we are losing millions by the day. Whereas if you are outside a levee system, already there are towns that are underwater. What do we do . It is relevant overseas, is relevant here. I think watch or how we approach and how i approach it is that we need to have more evidencebased approach to dealing with the migration issue. And the project that will at tulane and George Washington we worked on, we developed and stood up what we called the Resilient African Network which is a collaboration of 18 university and it also included stanford tulane and George Washington. The network looked at how do we measure resilience . Resilience to conflict, resilience to food insecurity, and, how do we measure that and use that knowledge and evidence to actually inform Innovation Solutions to address resilience . In somalia, an interesting study was to look at Housing Population become a more resilient to conflict and developing using a mixed message study in fixed communities in somalia. We have identified resilience that we found to be protective factors. They had high Predictive Value in terms of mitigating the impact of chronic displacement. Those three are very similar to the report the governance, wealth and access. In Host Communities that have policies that promoted protectionist or basic human rights, it afforded the displaced population that had afforded them access to basic services we found higher scores of resilience. And, i will take that further in terms of applying it to my current role and if you can put on the picture on the slide here which is common in june we had the opportunity to travel out to libya to look at our programs and brian has already mentioned in terms of when you think through irregular Migration Libya comes to mind. Were you seen pictures in the stories, is a country of transit. Also the pictures here in terms of the rescues that take place, International Medical corps is operating in nine Detention Centers providing healthcare. We are also providing rescues and, this is what irregular migrants or migrants are faced with. This is a Detention Center that is along the airport road. You will see in the picture the size of that room is probably i would say the size of this room. And at that time during my visit there were over 1000 young men that were housed in this facility. This facility and this picture to the right had one bathroom. As we spoke to the young men within this Detention Center, their daily ritual is to waited long to use the facility. That is their reality day in and day out. They are sleeping next to each other on their waiting for something to happen. These are individuals who have paid smugglers to be able to bring them into libya, hoping to be able to transit out. When they arrived at the border they are picked up by local militias to then put them into a Detention Center where they will go back to the families and try to exploit and try to get additional monies. And then they are detained here for upwards of 6 9 months. In this population there are regular migrants but they are also what we consider to be refugees. Who are waiting for interviews there looking to be resettled we also see groups of young children, you that are housed in these detention facilities among the men. As you can think through here in terms of the protection related issues, this is the reality here. Again, i just wanted to put this out here but bring it back in terms of what is it that we can do perhaps to mitigate the negative impacts of when things happen where these protection issues come up. Going back to governance, wealth, and services because libya was not always a transit, country, it was a destination. So in the 50s and 60s with the economic boom, this was a large factor not just here in africa but at the height of all of the pro immigration policy, open borders where the sub Sahara Africa did not need the visa in order to come to libya i believe there is Something Like two and a half million migrants in libya compared to a total population of 6 million. So the migrants played a huge role in regard to the economic backbone, society within libya so when you see a breakdown in terms of the government structure when its not affording basic human rights when youre not allowed access to basic services and you dont have a means in terms of general livelihoods, you move quickly from being able to have positive factors that actually benefit both the Host Community and countries to a situation where we see today in libya where many of these individuals theres not a lot of hope. It strikes me that as were talking if we would just replace the word libya with venezuela and what were talking talking about and in venezuela you see a destination for workers again because of an oil boom and they were very welcoming toward escaping the macro wars in the 90s and now look where they are, im glad you brought up governance. Im rereading my nations fail right now. So, i am really hot on institutions and governance. So, thank you for that. You also mention bangladesh. And i know you have been in bangladesh recently thinking about sort of a compact in a different way. I do want to come back to you on that. Before we do that, brian tell us a little bit about where you are with the Global Compact on migration, on a mailing going to ask about the gcm, the degree to which you would like to comment is fine. But where are we . Where are we going and doesnt matter . I think it does. I totally agree with you. But, there is nothing quite like a multilateral nonbinding process to really assess the crowd. So thank you. Thank you for that. So this december the gcm will have his first birthday. And, one thing that came out of the gcm which was not born in a vacuum, but it was born out of a regional prophecy that had occurred in some earlier affirmations is that a network in a Migration Network was created and whenever you have a network of course you have executive committee and then you have a secretariat, that is the role that iom has and with un women, i think unicef is bringing someone on to help with the secretariat, but the executive committee is all Available Online for those who are interested. And, very recently the network just came out with a work plan and the work plan looking at some of its core activities, there is a startup fund for safe, orderly and regular migration. There is a goal to capitalize that up to 25 million. I think 1 million is in right now. The exciting world of multilateral human affairs. This is why people hate multilateral. Im kidding. And is engaged in that. And if im skipping an organization. I will. It also has donor countries and germany is participating in the and then also countries representing sending, receiving, and transit countries. Although now since so many countries its all three. So how that is going to be sorted out, they are going to have to work through. I just got constituted in maine. This is the fund got constituted in may and then they are pulling everyone together in october to figure out exactly what the modalities will be. So, there is one more important structure and then i will just get some key dates but the International Migration reform, the Global Compact said that this form will be created it was state led and this was the head of state level, they would be meeting every four years the first time is going to be 2022 and bangladesh in spain are leading that process. So, for some key dates this december 11 the one year anniversary, you will have the annual meeting of the network as per the gcm, there is an obligation to provide an evaluation of how it is performing. So, one year that is done by the secretariat, by us and in you can add to that. Maybe you can jump in on the value and connected to the theme of your report on regular migration. I think there is a lot of interest in there is evidence to show that increasing the legal space and orderly pathway can help diminish the need for people to use the irregular pathways in some of that mentioned i know obviously they still need to be further developed. It will depend on compacts and in some cases to highlight the work of my colleague, Michael Clemens who you mentioned the mexico case. He did a study, a historical study that showed how providing temporary permits to come from mexico to the United States and in that program led to an increased in irregular migration many of those exists, whether or not there is a legal channel. Whether is the u. S. With agricultural workers, those will be there. So if we provide more regular channels and thats not only in terms of Labor Migration but also in the cases where protection were they have to make sure that process happens in a timely manner. It also shows how Member States are and should be because of the potential economic and other benefits of establishing pathways but also because there is a regular migration. Several months ago you wrote and maybe it was a year ago you wrote what i would consider a productive labor for thing about a bangladesh contract. And he brought up bangladesh in a previous reiteration of our work of forced migration, i have been there doing research as well. Talk to us about you have been there recently, talk about that and how you think about what you think about in bangladesh. We did put out a proposal for a bangladesh contract and just to say the history around the we were really inspired and i thinking by other compact not yet the global said the country level and even before that when i looked worked at the Millennium Corporation we also pulled together resources to support our country to achieve greater inclusive status. Theres a policy reform that are not about conditionality like we will give you money if you do this but what are the policy reforms necessary so we achieve the outcomes we jointly set forth. Thats a different context because its not around displacement. Then there were the examples like the jordan compacts where there was a big commitment of both finance and target investment that created a package where it created conditions for jordan to really make a case to its own people to say that we are hosting a large number of Syrian Refugees and in order to give them access to Employment Opportunities would need to grow the pie. Thats a very understandable thing to believe in the community to step up in the jordan compact which is similar to the case i outlined with investment inc. Commitments that in a bold a productive dialogue and creative access on thats different commitments and i would say continual improvements again not that it has been perfect. In the case in bangladesh we thought is there also a package that can be put together to really change the dialogue and i would say we have not achieved success, i think its really a tough conversation. However i have seen on my trip there some signs of progress and that while there hasnt been policy shifts they are seeing greater cash reward for refugees. You are seeing it completing and thinking about what your local Development Plan look like that does try to grow the pie for everyone. I do see think the policy changes, there really important and weve done a report on the economic and fiscal effects of granting access on theres a lot of tricky political dimensions and i think the more we can tell that narrative about growing the pie in the contributions that they could make about greater access to the labor market is an important part of the story around displacement and that people are in average for ten years and those displays for five or more years are displacement 15 or 20. What is that more sustainable approach that is more responsive . When the idea that it helps communities. I want to turn to you to talk a little bit about what we can do about this. So whether are in your other experiences this is the really meaningful of the scale of the problem and what can you do about it . I think organizations like this we can put a bandaid on the problem. In this Detention Center, they are in theory being managed by the government but they are really led by other militia groups. So, our access is dependent upon this it do terms on how long they detain and who they detain and what they are fed, and its a real challenge really for our staff day in and day out to be witness to these horrific conditions. But if we speak out about our access, i think a lot of times the solution we have seen this would touch on the multilateral approach year but we have also seen effective measures between bilateral and regional between countries that export legals and migrants in countries that take them in. I think through the meetings that are together the having that mutual bilateral cooperation with perhaps in those countries where they are exporting migrants, policy and Information Campaign that allow the migrants to understand the conditions between which they would be deploying to, but also working with the countries that are taken in these migrants to create the types of policies that do not result in exploiting the laborers and providing laborers and also being able to take care of themselves and their family. So again this momentum needs to be built at the multilateral, at the regional level and ultimately, the solution is not how much aid and assistance we can provide to migrants comments ultimately the Big Government of whole policies that have to shift to be able to allow for migration to take place in a meaningful way. I think that makes a lot of sense. Brian, iom is not just a secretariat for the Global Compact. You are in implementing organization and there are a lot of really important work on these and other issues. Same question to you. What we do about this . Im primarily asking about the field. But all the policies and what we can do regionally and internationally and here in washington i think is really important. Take it in whatever direction you would like. What can we do . Will take it to your report. I like the title, because the whole idea of shadows, a shadow can be caused by anything, can be caused by a building a person, by whatever. But the. Is, there is multiple things that can create the same situation. The same horrific situation and you have both just been talking about quite a bit about policy and when you look at labor sending and neighbor countries, the unintended consequence of having your visa tied to your employer. If your visa is tied to your employer and things are not going well you dont have the mobility. If you dont have the opportunity you cant use redirect. It may exist. A single entry visa versus a double entry visa. People go to work. You have a situation at home, you have to go back. Then he go back to work, you were a regular migrant now you are an irregular migrant. It was just policy that created that. Your report talks about the transcription and how that has such a significant impact. The thing is, we do so often think about the natural disasters in the conflicts of drivers of displacement and their hugely significant. Some of the policy issues really have a very, very similar impact. So to help unpack the issues which is why im really happy that we have in this discourse today, to be able to articulate the whole complexity of the situation because youre talking about drivers earlier and one of the issues when were looking at drivers is that, can you really just find one . In syria, absolutely. Thats pretty clear. What a driver is. In large loss of the world what was the tipping. When you and your family say, we are done. The wf peak report you referred to, 1. 5 times more likely to then become irregular migrants. It [laughter] what about causality . Yes. Allow me, a followup on the issue. Thats what we wrap up with. I was just going to say that. We need more research and there are these moments and studies that i mentioned where they enable thought to be used by identification strategy. It was a great one. I think its critical because its on the basis of correlation and studies, pulling it togeth together, heres the picture and how the new policies can respond. Ill end with back on how you communicate with people, theres a great study that came out that was kind of putting people into someone elses shoes, what would you do . Maybe it seems simple and i think a lot of them talked about statistics and communicating and connecting with people. I think theres so much to the story that all of it was told, for me or anyone to say im out of here, i want to say my threshold is my comfort, it seems much lower than what people are facing when they make the decisions. To the point where its not really a decision at all. I could ask you a billion questions, we have a good audience here today. I want to open up to some questions so im going to do that. All i ask is that you stand up and tell us your name and what organization you are with. Trying to end your intervention with market possible. We have a gentleman right here and then well take the foreman in the middle. I was impressed, you said, my question is, what about the Health Issues there . Is there anything that allows them to volunteer medical teams, to keep them . Maybe i can take two or three and then we can allow folks to answer. Thank you for talking with us today. I have a ton of questions to ask, i read recently that Climate Change was one of the big drivers causing migration in central america. I was wondering if you have looked at this a bit in your research. While other areas in the world will start seeing more climate effects on irregular migration . What is the dialogue about how to address that and how to go about it . Thank you. I work at the organization, working group for venezuela and migration. Im very impressed, but at the same time, i havent heard anything about venezuela and i would like to know why the migration crisis in venezuela hasnt reached a Global Awareness that it deserves . I was there between colombia and venezuela. I havent seen any thing in my life like that before so i would like to know why. Certainly not in america. You for that question. Maybe ill just go down, the first question. You guys can take any and all of these. Ill be sure to make a followup. On the question regarding healthcare, theres about 800,000 migrants give or take these days. Majority are not living in Detention Centers. They are within Health Communities themselves. There are groups that do provide Public Health and clinics or a Detention Center. Teams common and provide rescue. Again, a lot of attention has been on the Detention Centers themselves. We need to focus more again on the broader population of migrants within libya itself. The balance between shutting more of the light and focus on these because one of the issues we are grappling with as we operate a clinic in order to provide support. They are lining up in front of our clinic, it raises their visibility and militia groups can come by and pick them up. In terms of getting access and the ability to actually provide care, its an ongoing thing. I think when we look at the numbers, giving them a status of refugee or not, they are more displaced persons flowing out of venezuela than even syria. So this is a great problem. Its an issue in terms of why it has not resulted in more action. I also asked that question. Someone i collaborated with just put out an interesting piece joint disparity in International Funding thats been made available to post venezuelans. I know there are a number of reasons and they havent gotten an indepth reflection enough to stake with the hierarchy is but i was referring back, we dont have that kind of coordinated focus global group that is shining light and stepping up. Theres a lot of fantastic commitments. As a partnership for refugees and he came up on my twitter feed as someone in the private sector who also has the health science. I dont know the answer but i think its something we have to keep asking. And pushing to make sure greater attention is paid. I do hope its not just unfortunately, i think a lot of crises we have a lot of attention paid when something happens. The services are there so i hope the attention and leadership of the country continues and it can be a positive story. Ill quickly say on climate, is not an area of my expertise but i know in areas of west africa, there are increasing trends. There are reports, i dont know if theyve all been verified but Climate Change created a role. I hope thats an area where we continue to acknowledge the reality of human causing Climate Change and there is a response greater researchers. Thats a conversation we had about causes. There are these longerterm trends we have to Pay Attention to. To start with prisons, Detention Centers. I wish it was a matter of how we get this here but i interviewed a lot of people who came out of those Detention Centers and the vast majority are outside of government control. They dont have any access to. Neither have a work prison or a killing prison. The work prisons where you are in good enough condition that the owner of that prison can self you on the dealer labor market. Then theres one thats not. Its so horrific, theres been steps, im an optimist as well and theres a lot of joint positions on how to improve the situation and how to have access but its just such, its so much more horrible than a lack of access to basic services. Its quickly important as they are, unfortunately its just so much worse. The question on Climate Change, one of the most confrontation meetings of participating at the un Climate Change compact, it was a regional publication for you brought the subject matter on displacement and the idea the island states look at migration as an adaptation as opposed to compensation, talking about displacement as part of a solution. The west had a different opinion. So it was a very heated conversation. I think yours in your report, they bought land in fiji. In order to so migration is one of the adaptation strategies. So thats starting to enter the discourse of a bit more than it used to. For venezuela, theyve been privileged to work jointly on the platform as a request to the secretary general for assistance of bennetts womens outside of venezuela. I agree with everything that the person with the question had. Your completely correct. It is not getting the resources it needs. It needs significantly more. They put out a statement on this particular issue. You asked why and i dont know, maybe geography . I dont know for sure but if you want to galvanize a response to lydia libya and you are looking for funding from the eu and the crowd the fact that its right across, we cant discount that. The amount of resources that go into turkey and you look at the proximity issues, so is that part of it . I dont have a good answer to your question. I think it is a matter ill start with the venezuela one. Its a fantastic one. Having looked at this, the full answer, i dont know but the question about why its not getting more attention is partially an appeal and im fully on board with that. We should have separate things just on that. But i think its a really important one. The first answer i have is a little bit of fatigue. The way that i think about that is if youre looking for bright spot, the collaboration between iowa is something to watch. Both in venezuela and responding to venezuela and also bangladesh and other places that i think youre doing admirable work and working together in those ways. Theres an appeal, original response for venezuelans in the appeal is less than 800 million. That sounds like a lot of money. If youre thinking about responses to mobile crises and 5 million by the end of the year, International Communities can come up with 800 million if they wanted to. The u. S. Is one of the larger contributors to that but as its mentioned, europeans are much more focused on them coming across the mediterranean. I get the sense and im not quoting anybody here, i guess its a sense that they are kind of like u. S. And canada, on the western hemisphere, the southwestern hemisphere problem. Theyre going to the meetings and they are looking to leadership on these issues from the u. S. One part of the venezuela conversation that doesnt get talked about near enough and i will use this platform to talk about it is the caribbean islands. Theres Something Like 22000 venezuelans, thats really not that much but its a heck of a lot when the population is at 120,000. At 16 of the population right now displaced. Thats significant. Columbia has the most, its really 1 of the population in columbia so i wont go too far on that but i think that is really important. I think Climate Change is a fundamental thing to talk about here because our next conversation that we will have on this will talk about Climate Change at the root of all of the other root problems. We listed as one of the causes but if you think about Climate Change, its the root cause of rising sea levels and forcing people to leave. I think its really critical and the last thing ill say, theres not really a Good International architecture response to those that are displaced by climate. I think both the gcr mentioned this and i think its a positive think that we have a long way to go. The reason i sent 100 Million People is a conservative estimate probably is primarily because all the people that have had to leave home dont have official status. They dont fall under protections. They dont fall under anything like that. I want to take a few more questions. Im trying to give equal opportunity here. Thank you. My question would be on the mendacious man nations. What can be done in the private sector and also, what role in the markets that are not may be functioning like they did . I cant believe we discussed the venezuelans in columbia, anyone pointing out that columbia itself has the largest population of intern displaced people in the world. 7 million in columbia even towards 5 million colombians in venezuela. Our idp, talk about lack of attention, i doubt one person attended was aware that columbia has the largest population of displacement. Im not sure if the panel knew. Our idps irregular migrants for Something Else . Whats the number of idps in the world compared to irregular migrants . Thank you. Thank you. I would like to mention some comments and ill ask. I feel like right now in the war, we are seeing more and more migrants around the world. They are escaping comp because they are criminalized in the state that are in power or criminalized groups that are taking power. So they really have to leave. Those are criminal immigrations, criminal power. I feel like the form of power is related with the problem and moving really slow. We are creating a population that is extremely vulnerable. Even of victory for groups or powers. My comment is, its too far away. I think it is super important. We are talking about millions and millions. I feel like a machine thats eating. I thought it was a good question. I talk about something about how people movement, smugglers and etc. , its no longer business. Theres a un report talks about how they use the term business deliberately here. Theres a report that says between 5. 5 7 billion last year was made by people from there. U. S. Spent 7 billion a year, the same amount on global assistance. This is no longer part of the shattered construct to draw attention to people moving through regular pathways and a lot of times they are using these criminal networks that have existed for other things. So thank you for bringing that up. I apologize to the pale for getting them excited. But maybe ill go the other way. Ill start with the last comment. According to what you said, the smuggling and Trafficking Networks are so highly sophisticated, theyve got supply chains and fortune 500 companies. An issue that ties into the shadows is that displacement more and more so in migration, when we close our eyes and think about it, many people think about it in an antiquated fashion. Thats the one way movement from global south to the global north. Thats just simply not the case anymore. As of about three years ago, thats when the south mobility and migration succeeded. The idea from south mark but then it gets spotty her. Theres not so much light on the problem and the shadows. That is a growing trend, having trees regional migration patterns much more so. Its an issue that exists and certainly an issue thats going to that will continue. For the private sector, i think we have an opportunity right now because it was about a week or so ago came out from the business roundtables, 1150 some odd ceos that turned it upside down, the shareholder profit is not the sole rationale of the corporation anymore. How we unpack this and how does it impact migrants . Think of the positive impact it could have on managing the supply chains on the ethical recruitment issues that are recurring. Its a great space where the u. S. Has a leading role. The u. S. Chamber of commerce is pretty forward leaning in the area. Then as far as what the private sector can do itself, i would look at it two separate ways. Its kind of three. Pro bono, low bone or no bono. Its philanthropy, thats great. We are all equal opportunity recipients of cash. Aside from that, its really when the market makes it then youre looking at intervention. Doing what that business does. The meat creating markets and Job Opportunities in unstable environments. Theres risk associated with that and theres ways to enter that risk. Its a conversation i would love to continue. With columbia, it is the largest in the world. As far as the overall number of migrants that we are facing, i think iom puts the figure roughly about 58 million. The comment on venezuela to the initial, something for a lot of people understand is also the circular fashion of venezuelan migration. Theres a lot out there and theres also a lot of people going to columbia to Access Services and then going back to venezuela. On a daily basis. Our biggest request, which came out in a statement that was earlier today, hence the neighboring countries maintain what to date, has been relatively lax immigration standards allowing people to go outside of venezuela and come in and Access Services works thats not simply a economic issue. Not simply, we have services . We have the capacity. Its all a political issue. Back when the head of the red cross had to make a decision to get assistance to migrants, which means he wasnt getting assistance to certain ties in need, these were the decisions that have to be made. They are made in a political environment. They took a lot of heat for that. In the end, they really appreciated them for that. Hopefully the government will be even more progressive as far as the migrants and refugees crossing into countries. I think we have one minute left. I think its really exciting what happened, a different kind of private sector. Task, if you can and if youre not in the position of doing Something Else. I go back to what i talk about in growing the pie, whether its irregular migrants or refugees, growing the pie so we can help the cohesion and create opportunity, leaving no one behind. There are a lot of ways to do that and Refugees International launched a new initiative to work at, how can we work at increasing labor market and how can we further engage the private sector . So we can generate more Sustainable Solutions together. Absolutely. All states have the prerogative to strive for non nationals in your countries. They should do so with evidence and data. This is where the private sector can really help because we need more regular migration opportunities that are labor faced. The private sector can match skills between the labor cap within countries countries can export and train individuals so this is really where it can benefit a whole industry in terms of the private sector to be able to be these builders. They can train the flavors, you can place correctly risk and ultimately, it benefits those countries that really need additional skill sets and those who have a surplus of individuals there that dont necessarily have this opportunity home. So thats what i should think it comes back to you have a right to be able to set those conditions make sure its done with evidence in favor without rhetoric. We are out of time but if you were to leave the audience with a take away, any evidence that brought in, what would that be . Think, i want to thank all of you for taking the time to be here. Youre all asking such thoughtful questions and quality questions. Thank you for maintaining the high barr. What are your takeaways . I kind of gave thought to this, i think theres a lot of rhetoric out there that whether migrants, whether they are refugees, regular, irregular or a dream for basic services, i ran across the study done that noted 85 of the monies that migrants make stay within those communities. In terms of the taxes they pay, the rent they pay, their food consumption, its an economic boom in terms of what it means. That would be my tweet. 85 of all migrants stay within their communities. I was wondering when youre going to get there. [laughter] i didnt prepare so its precisely in a challenging time that you must reject that politics are fierce and reach for hope, light and optimism. I didnt do any of that, im a u. S. Citizen. I didnt do anything to earn my passport or to fly so mine would be by the grace of god. [applause] [inaudible conversations] the Justice Department released a report stating the former fbi director james coley violated fbi policies for the family of my most documenting interactions and conversations with president trump. One of which the report states contained classified information. No prosecution was recommended. Former fbi director responded to the report on twitter saying, the d. O. J. Ig found no evidence that currently released any classified information obtained in any of the members to the members of the media. I dont need a public apology for those who dissent me but a quick sorry, we lied about you, would be nice. To all those who spent two years talking about me going to jail or being alive, ask yourself why you still trust people who gave you that info for so long including the president. The white house reacting to the news releasing a statement, james, is a proven flyer. It went on to say he shamefully leaked information to the press and blatant violation of the fbi policies. You can read the full report, all 83 pages at cspan. Org. Healthcare in particular this morning, report by spark whose Health Policy managing director for the center for American Progress in our Research Fellow with the American Enterprise institute. We stood the first hour hearing from viewers on what they thought about improving the u. S. Thg healthcare system. So far, weve heard a lot from democrats the biggest item is whats called mar
vimarsana.com © 2020. All Rights Reserved.