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And age but its a sense of independence in kids. Not only do they not know how to walk down the street by themselves but there are also be much people entertaining themselves, at least without a device in their hand. For reasons both selfish and selfless, this is an important life skill for them, the Current Situation is obtainable. His have trouble with any kind of unstructured activity but reading for pleasure is perhaps the activity i think has suffered the most according to a recent analysis of the American Family study. The share of americans who read for pleasure has fallen by more than 30 since 2004. If theres a way to reverse this trend, i think youll have to start with our children and wife can think of no one who can help us better to learn how to share the joy of reading with children before rising to her current position, should be Childrens Book editor of the New York Times. She has three children herself. Shes also the author of six books and a host of the book review podcast. I asked about her book for a bit, she and i are going to have a conversation and open it up to questions from the audience. Thank you for having me. I will start by telling a story that kind of runs against my instincts which is its boastful story about my kids and i, more the type that did something terrible and embarrassing my kids have done but im telling it for a reason. First of all, this will happen last time in d. C. I came down for the National Book festival over Labor Day Weekend to help launch this bo book, how to raise our reader. We were on the train and they were separate, they were scattered around. It is clear. As i was leaving the train, my family, there is an older couple behind me and a man stopped me and said excuse me, are those your children . Usually instills me a little bit of fear. When are they done . So i said yes a little tentatively and he said i have to say that i am so hardened to seek they were all reading their whole way down here, reading actual books. I thought okay well, his wife chimed in and said i was just reading the most interesting article in the New York Times about this very subject. She pointed to a piece when you have a book coming out, to logic and this is my piece about the times called i think its called noble start for reading about not rewarding reading, reading in and of itself is rewarding and that, to reward reading is counterproductive. So i couldnt resist, i had this moment and said i wrote that piece so it is true. My kids are all readers. They are ten, 13 and 14. The reason i tell the story is not to show off but because i wanted to relay i think naomi alluded to which is that people are really panicked about kids reading. I think the reason why people are so afraid of kids reading is because not only the value of books but what it signifies both for themselves in our culture and for society. For themselves, i think it is unquestioned that reading is important. Theres a lot of research around it. We know reading is important to cognitive development, for academic success and we have Research Shows that reading improves executive function products closely tied to a childs social and Emotional Development and my personal opinion is that it also makes us utter human beings so now people are very eager to have the kids become readers. This wasnt the case in the 70s and 80s when i was coming of age. No one said to the kid, there such a reader. Its a massive complement, people are more inclined to show up for a gymnast or violin player or somebody with basic coordinated fields on a playing field. But now people want their kids to be readers. There are reading contests and all kind of things on the local level to get to read. Yet, as naomi suggested, the research isnt necessarily hurting, the fact that it has succeeded. Ill talk a little about how i came to write this book. This book started off as a Digital Guide for the New York Times. When i was demoted from Childrens Book editor to editor of the book review in 2013, hired a new book editor, is asked by a group at the time to create kind of guide for the website. They had done guides on things like how to medicate, even though i have yet to try to meditate. And how to live a better life and they said what about reading and books . To me, this was the obvious book answer, how to raise our reader. My position as Children Books, i knew many times i wanted to do this. So we got together and created a Digital Guide and it went online and it went viral. The questions and comments floating in one of the most common ones was turning into a book. You think guide should be a book. So thats what we did which was to expand on all of the research we have done in the advice we had and recommendations for books that we had four kids. So we charted into a book in short order. And i was the Childrens Books editor. I got a lot of questions from parents and a lot of what we wanted to do in the book was to address the questions. The questions can be very basic. A lot of times parents come to me and say my kid is into puppies but not sad stories, likes graphic novels and he doesnt like tech, question he read . Very specific for suggestions but then other questions like what do i do if my kid doesnt like to read . When should my kid start reading . Or my child Kindergarten Teacher said my kid is to levels behind where hes supposed to do and i dont know what to do about it. They worry if i child is not choosing to read or what if they are not reading enough. She only wants to read graphic novels . What a farmer since she got instagram, she doesnt want to do anything else . What we have perceived in these questions, there are a lot of myths out there around reading, what makes our reader, yes. I will move to the side, shortly. They talk about some of those myths, i will now do it with a visual aid. Nothing is as important to raising our reader as reading aloud to your child. This is the thing Everybody Knows they are supposed to do. That is true. You should read aloud to your child and there are lots of ways in which their dues and donts but another interesting statistics is the number of books in your home. This is really important, and its not necessarily immediately obvious but its not tied to income or education level. This is not just something people have lots of money and therefore have lots of books in the home have an advantage. This is something anyone can do because books, especially used books are easy to acquire online. Whats interesting is that when you have books in your home, you are saying something about your family and family culture. Reading is comprised. Its also very hard and im sure anyone who has children knows that one of the most annoying things is to hear your child say im bored. Its hard to be bored if there are constantly books around you. Books not only in the library but books for each child, they dont have their own room, a bookshelf in a shared room. They like to collect and own things. They should have a place for their own books that they manage on their own. Books should also be throughout the house. Book should be in the parlor, wherever the television is, where the computers are. They should be in the kitchen. The cooks books can be and in the bathroom for everyone does a lot of reading if they are not on the ipad. The former is better than the latter so its really important to keep a book in the home to shut books or something that matters to you and to give kids the opportunity to read. If you dont own the books and go to the library and pick up 20 or 30 books a week, have a constant rotating collection of books there. They dont always know what they want to read, they are still developing their interests. Take out different kinds of books, books that are more visual, books they may not be familiar with. Always allow them the opportunity to turn to a book. You have milestones, its natural for us to think earlier do something, the better they will be but the analogy i like to think of his shoelaces. If they know how to tie the shoelaces at the airport, it will not make them a better shoelace tire at the age of 25 then if they did if they learned at ten. Its not belated to future reading or cognitive ability. Germany, scandinavian countries, they are even begin teaching reading until seven or eight. They dont do that because the Research Supports it. Kids brains arent necessarily all able to do the kind of complicated decoding that reading requires. Moreover, if you just start to teach reading at an early age, three or four or five my child isnt ready, they get frustrated, annoyed, they have negative feelings associated with readings. Its something im not good at. Its not for me. It creates a lot of anxiety in many years. This is something i actually want to do with my free time if you wait. There is no correlation, even from personal experience with my three kids, one whose reading the latest is the most ambitious reader. I cant tell you the number of parents, harry potter was the guilty thing. My daughter doesnt want to read anything other than harry potter. Its even worse, these terrible graphic novels. Theres actually a lot of good to reading over and over. As a reason kids do it and it changes every age but its true for adults, too. They benefit from he reading those books over and over again. They learn to recognize a word, word recognition is a big part of reading. They memorized the text from another big part. This is and always having books around, when you go out and talk board books in your bag so when you end up in an inevitable moment, when kids are bored and waiting around in the line at the Grocery Store or at a doctors office, easy thing is to plot a phone and handed it to your child but take out a board book instead. If theyve memorized the book, they can read it to themselves and again, that builds confidence and a feeling that i am a reader. At an early age. Older children benefit emotionally and cognitively from rereading books. For kids, this is from personal experience, when you read, the characters become your friends. These are people who are familiar with. The world they live in, whether they are realistic or fantastical, places that you want to be, their comfort zone. Cap places for fantasy but also for a feeling of belonging. Its good for kids to read. As any adult knows, when you recreate a book, as an adult, get Something Different for each time. If you recreate, you recreate from 25 and that 40, you experience that yourself. The passing of generations but you might not have appreciated that at 25 and you get more out of it. If you think of a child whose developing at every moment, what they read six months from now, they are going to read it in a different way the previous read it. They are going to get more from it. They will see more things from it because theyre getting to know it better and they are also in a different place themselves. Its really good for kids to. Reporter and not worry that they are stuck. Parents should work with their children starting in preschool to teach them how to read and progress year by year. We all hear about this, we are supposed to support our childs education and all that is true. We should be doing those things but home is where the children love to learn to love to read. Try to get your kids to do something, to learn how to do something, thats very different from getting your child to want to do something, to choose to do something and enjoy something. If your child is struggling to learn how to read in school, the last thing he will want to do is have the experience replicated at home. If hes feeling bad, hes in group k and everyone else is in group and you are forcing him to go through those leveled readers at home, its continuing what might be of negative experience so while hes struggling how to read at school, trust your teacher to do the job. You can always consult your Reading Specialist but what your supposed to do as a parent, you can make sure books are something that are pleasurable and distant pressure in your home. When you read with your child at night, rather than have him plead early level readers, trying to pronounce and connect the dots in phonics, read aloud a picture book to them. One thing that is important look at two in the next one, and a couple of minutes, children enjoy books and many different ways same time, i want to talk about harry potter. A lot of people think one of the milestones now is reading harry potter about your kids. This is not your job. For a number of reasons. First of all, not everyone loves harry potter. I love it but a lot of kids dont. They find them fighting. Jk rowling wrote this is a middle grade book which has been for ages eight to 12. Alpha 12 and up. She desires to grow with her readers as shes writing in real time as a turning. Where one of the main characters, i hope im not spoilt, dice and thats a very traumatizing for some children to process. Thats a transition from childrens to young adult books and not every child is ready for that. My kids were little, my kid read all harry potter books in kindergarten that was the thing people wanted to show off about. So what do they do if their kids couldnt read it . They read aloud to their kids. But harry potter is a desert. You do not have to feed harry potter to your kids. That circle, something to aspire. Thats about reading being the reward. If your child wants to read harry potter, wait until shes ready to read those books and let her read them herself. Why would you take that away . As the moderator. There a lot of series that are not great reading for parents. I dont know how many parents of Young Children there are in this room but if youre part of it, you probably know rainbow fairies, its a great series for little kids. Its a terrible series for adults. About 70000 of them. She this nonperson, daisy doesnt exist. Girls for to eight love them. They are torture for parents to read aloud. Magic treehouse, a huge long series, kids love them. Most parents have to read them aloud and want to kill themselves. They all save the same prologue. The function they have is that kids love them so they want to read. Cannot books you need to read aloud to kids. Then heres the point, once they are reading on their own, this is not true picture books should stay in the pictures throughout out childhood. They have their own beauty and function if people dont like looking at pictures well into adulthood, there would be no instagram. What picture books allow for a child to do is to appreciate richer vocabulary, absorb our visuals and understand how to read pictures through the art of visual storytelling and if your child is working on a book at school, pat the cat sat on the mat, chances are his or her brain is well beyond that in terms of what they are interested in with storytelling. If you say as soon as you are reading this book, im not going to read anymore, youre essentially punishing them for becoming an independent reader. Reading aloud to your child is a pleasure, its pulled out from underneath them. That is punitive. Moreover, it denies them the opportunity to enjoy books that have a richer vocabulary that are visually interesting to them than the early readers they are getting at school. In a similar way, at the same time they are struggling, you should continue to read aloud non picture books but if youre reading the hobbit aloud to them or little house on the prairie or whatever the series might be, continue to do that because kids are like adults. They enjoy storytelling in all of its various ways and just as many of us, while we might enjoy reading is important for fun, we might also occasionally like to read a domestic or a novel or books on audio. We all like to enjoy books of different kinds at any given moment in kids are the same way. The best Children Books are the classics. Again, its kind of a mess. Their great classic books out there for kids. If you look at the sales of Children Books in these country, you will find the books have continued to out sale all of the new books. Theres a reason why its because when all of us become new parents or grandparents, you think i cant wait to share blueberries for south or dr. Seuss or whatever our favorites are from childhood. Theres nothing wrong with that but i think the reason people go back to that is because they dont know that whole world out there. We are living in a new golden age for children book. I dont just say that because i work at the book review i didnt just say that as a Childrens Books editor, i was so shocked by how good Children Books have become. I asked at the time i was not editor, i asked for more pages and when i got more pages, there were still more books that deserved attention and i continued to write so i wrote one Online Review of week. Just to be able to cover a small sliver of the greatness thats out there. The books have improved at every age and every format. Even Something Like board books, the books can be chewed on. There are books that are deliberately created to go in the bathtub, there are all kinds of board books and because of production improving so much, the way the books can be created, there are things they can do, cut outs. It used to be you would have to abridge a picture book because the board book couldnt hold as many pages. Now they have improved the production so they dont have to do that. They are better than ever. With picture books, i cannot even describe to you, its such a shame the book review has to be printed on newsprint because of the glorious illustration and quality of the story is truly phenomenal. The diversity of the Children Books in terms of the kinds of experiences and the children who are depicted in their pages has improved enormously. They reflect the reality of our world today. You cannot publish a picture book today with those phrases. It is not good only for childr children, its even reflected in the pages of the books they read but its also good for children who do not necessarily encounter this experience in their everyday life because they well. Thus the world they are coming into. Books like this is the most powerful to fostering empathy. Its a weight in which we can see through other peoples eyes and see their stories and learn about other experiences. Something with picture books that all can do. They are much more global so we have incredible children picture books coming from europe, latin america now more from asia. China did not have a tradition of picture books and they have now started and they are producing incredible books now. Oliver is coming over here so the world they are opening up to your kids. In terms of nonfiction, Childrens Books have gotten incredible. When i was a kid, i was obsessed with biography. There is a wall in the Childrens Library and oracle alphabetical. I would look for the girls so i code from Abigail Adams to clara to madison and essentially, it is all first ladies and nurses and that was great, i liked reading about them. But now there childrens biographies of everyone you can imagine from artists to entrepreneurs to writers to politicians to public service, its really across the spectrum. They are beautifully produced. They run some quite young, there are lots of board books, hero books for very Young Children. Going up to picture books for older kids, kids are visual readers and appreciate seeing bridge photography. The photography produced in all these books because of the lower costs in production in asia, it has gotten much better a book of photographs that used to be unaffordable for most kids in the 70s or 80s, you have National Geographic here in washington producing incredible photography books for kids. There are lots of books in terms of middle grade that reflect the world in which kids are living now. Another category is young adults, when i was a kid, young adults didnt do this. Youd leapfrog into sheldon and anders which is about insects. Books for teens and now theres a whole category that has risen from books for teens that really reflects kids experiences and the way in which these writers work to be truly remarkable. They know what they are up against. There up against tik tok, fortnight, instagram so these writers go for your heartstrings. If you have not read this, its about two Cancer Patients who fall in love, and you dont cry, you do not have a heart. It taps into the immediacy and intensity of adolescent emotions. But six didnt do that at all when i was growing up in an terms of fantasy, their plot driven books. If they dont grab you by page two, theyve lost you. Wherever kids will go and spend their free time. What is apparent due to race our reader . I will run through some quick tips here. Is to give you some big ideas and there are specific things you can do. Reading should be fun. I should not be a chore. Reading is a pleasure. We have the abbreviated version. When i was i quickly about reading should be fun, were not there teacher. So dont create reading in the home like a chore. Treated like something that is special. I will give you one example that we used in my home, we told our kids when they were growing up, there are now ten, 13 and 14 and have a ways to go but when they were younger, we would set up a time and say 7 00 if you want to stay up in bed quietly reading, you can stay up until 730. What that tells them is that reading is a privilege. Reading is something you get to do because your mother. When 7 30 a. M. Comes, the say can i stay up late . They say can i please finish this page or chapter . You are training them in a way to want to read, view reading in a positive light. Another big idea you can do a lot to help a child to read but the more they read at home, the mark that will ultimately help them reject school, especially if you start early on. So trust teachers, but then brought their own pace and let them take mistakes, dont correct him when they are reading. The fact that you make a mistake, that is good. It shows them this is imperfect. A lot of people work along the day and flub over many words. Kids appreciate that adults make mistakes, two. Create a family culture around her reading. This is really important. When youre at the family table for dinner, you can talk about the books you are reading its not just what you are Binge Watching on netflix. You can watch movies base on books together. You can show off your own reading. Its a very strong message to kids when they all say we are going to watch a movie now, if you want to come . You say no, im into my book. I would rather finish what im reading. That sends a message to them. Its all really important if you set rules around reading in your home, if you say all three, the public area at 8 00 p. M. , you follow that your self. If youre sitting there saying its time to read and your scrolling on your phone, that doesnt work. Its important for parents to be part of this, too. Show them respect. One thing i love and we have a whole area in the book and this, ways in which to incorporate books in your family culture. One think grandparents can do, rather than get your child a toy or gift card, what is their birthday, get them up. Create a library of books, its just the books they got from grandma or grandpa becomes their library. Donate books, subscribe books to your kids. Teach them to treat them with respect and donate them to the library, schools, book fairs. Let them show how books are made. Whats behind it. Allow them to see the process. When i was at the National Book festival, i was really worried because they had this one big room with the greatest authors and she had a full house, Something Like 7000 people on the waiting list. One of the people who would be in that room, a very popular graphic novelist, i worried she was in the room. Her latest book, it deals with childrens anxiety, a hit number one on amazon before it came out and was number one for like a week after that. A huge success with kids and the room was filled. One of the things she did in the session was to show the books and artwork she created as a child and how the process worked as a graphic novelist drawing and writing the text or her book and kids were wrapped to see what that process was like. Let your child take charge. You want to make sure your child is allowed to maintain control over their own bookshelf. Let them. Reporter them. Dont judge what they are reading. Dont say that book again even though thats what youre secretly thinking. Show your support and respect for their own choices. This is the bookshelf of one of my coauthors who also has three kids. One of her sons bookshelves, which he arranged very deliberately according to his own interests and shes not allowed to touch them. Which is as it should be. Thank you so much. Thank you, that was wonderful and you can find many more tips in the book and what i particularly like is apparent that a lot of the book has recommendations for your role as a country are. If your child is obsessed with harry potter, they might also like this. Its helpful in that way, too. I wanted to talk about a couple of minutes on the question of the competing thing. Our kids dont have a lot of free time so it feels very difficult to set aside reading time because theres so many other, you have whether its structured sports activities or school work or other obligations that kids have. How do you create that time in your home and make that a priority for kids when it seems like Everything Else comes first . Its a challenge for everyone because there Extracurricular Activities and homework and all the myriad distractions. Thats why again, i stress making books become something kids want to do because ultimately, a lot of this welcome down to the choice, particularly as they get older. Thats when you start to see a lot of them fall off. Thats a message, we as parents in our schools sent to kids, its really important. When you look at childrens libraries in school, the libraries in Elementary Schools are incredibly rich and from middle school, they are turned into Media Centers and computers take priority a lot of books are being stripped out in the library is being let go. Its a mistake. I dont think of it as carving out a time for reading. I do think its always time to read a book. My kids are always charming into the nooks and crannies, but moments they have in between Everything Else. That is ideally what you want. It creates this idea of a task, something that has to be done. Reading logs. Oh, 20 minutes a night. Again, thats a very different kind of mindset. I urged parents to really think about this. The same many believe the way parents think about filing practice. How do i create intrinsic motivation as opposed to extrinsic reward, punishment or inducements because ultimately its going to be that kids choice. From an early age, i would say even if you have a set a timer, make sure you are not only reading before bed. Its especially good for kids to wind down stay off the screens but you also want to make sure they are reading in the morning when they wake up, that they are reading in between doing other things. Its things like turning books with you. Go on vacation as a family, asking everyone, what books are you bringing . As a mindset being like, we are not buying books on this trip so if you dont bring enough books and you run out, its onkyo. I always given at the bookstore so thats my family policy. I dont necessarily spoil them with Everything Else but i usually walk out of the bookstore with quite a few. I do, too. Thats another thank you can do. We are not buying souvenirs but we will always get you a book from another country. If your summer and an English Speaking country, we will go to a bookstore and pick out books. That kind of thing that becomes part of what your family does. There are ways in which to arrange travel around that. Again, maybe let it run out of battery in think sure everyone rings a book every time they leave the house. Make sure again, no parents like everything scattered in the back of the car, its better that it would be books scattered in the car rather than twice. Ideally, you dont want to have a set time for reading. You want to create an atmosphere in which they are looking for that time. I can say fact, i encourage my kids to read Childrens Book reviews. I encourage them to read the wall street journal and New York Times book session so they can tell me if theres a book they are interested in and get into almost being professional book reviewers. [laughter] i think thats a great way. Ive had parents said, i felt like my kids didnt know what to read. I might say okay, here six you thank you might like and let them take the lead. Give me a review. I had a professional advantage when i was at Childrens Books editor because i had to bring a bunch of books home from work and i would say okay, let me know if these are any good so i know whether or not we should cover them. I want to open it up for questions if there are any minor unspecific book issues or culture of bringing reading into your home. Whos your favorite Childrens Books illustrator . Thats a very difficult one. I have so many, its hard to choose. One person is a really versatile illustrator and hes also a comic book artist, his name is mcdonnell. I think my Favorite Book by him is called me. Jane. Jane goodall and how he grew up and incorporates drawings from her own notebooks as a child. She grew up in the building the world around her and how it led her to become a scientist and ends with reproduction of that famous image of jane, the photograph of her reaching out to a chimpanzee and the chimpanzee reaching back to her to touch her hand. I cry every time i get to that. What i think is so beautiful about the book is its very, for very Young Children and it really gets to the way in which children think about the world around them, a startup with the famous story of jane going to the chicken coop to see how the eggs come to be. The questions that all children asked. I also think its really beautiful is that its about nature and direct experience. What mcdonnell thaws on the other end is incredibly funny books. The perfectly messed up during, theres little on identical creature, a dog or cat wandering along in its this very nice and upbeat way, having a really wonderful day and he was going along and everything was fine and all of a sudden a blob of jelly lands on the page and breaks the character but theres a lot of jelly interrupting his story and ruining it. Kids love that story. Im a big fan of books that make kids laugh. For any kind of reluctant reader, i think theres a lot of concern around boys and mother who has sons, i can understand why because my son is a reader but not a lot of boys are in the statistics are, its a great way for boys, especially his humor. So i respond well to any books like this. This is the golden age of Childrens Books, it seems that we are experiencing fewer and fewer kids wanting to read for pleasure and seem to be reading for pleasure, there seems to be so much out there for them. Why do you see this golden age . Let me continue to talk about boys because i think its important, when you look around at boys and reading, boys read far less than girls. They are less likely in National Surveys to say reading is a favorite activity for them. They read fewer books over the summer. Many of them dont read a single book over the summer. I want to couple this with other things we know, one is that both genders say they are less likely to seek their fathers reading from their mothers. Again, thats back to role models. Its really important that role models, both parents are reading to their kids. Secondly, both parents, mothers and fathers are less likely to read to their sons into their daughters. I want to get back to that answer, one of the things that people have observed, there are a lot more books for boys because theres a wider recognition of the many different ways in which kids read some kids are more visual readers, a lot of parents will say my kid cant sit still while reading. Okay, then there are interactive books, public books, books with things to do. Im not talking about electronic buttons embedded in books, there are books that allow kids to get in there and ill say to them, if they want to be in the picture, they welcome back. Most think they do because the pictures are telling their own story and the graphic novels are another great way. A lot of the books are facts about animals or 100 great moments. Those are books and its really important if youre child is in books, many books do, not to judge them. Its not just a graphic novel. Many of us, when you look at the great office and we ask this question, what did you read growing up . Any great novelist grew up reading superhero comics. Theyre getting kids to read who probably otherwise wouldnt read and if those kids love those books they will then move on to other books, and so again i think theres a recognition and catering to a greater variety of readers. Questions . One of the other thing is wanted to pick your brain about, thank you mentioned the newish ya category and my older two have sort of gotten more into the ya category and im some of the materials feels to me totally inappropriate for even kids who are ostensibly the target. Im trying to figure out what makes a book a ya book and how to figure out what is maybe we need two ya categories or Something Like that. If a parent isnt going to read every ya book before handing them over to a child. I think about what is appropriate inappropriate and i veer towards allowing them to read inappropriate books and i do this for a number of reasons, because if youre trying to get kids to read a book, theres nothing to endues especially a teenager more than to say that book isnt appropriate for you. If you really want your teenager to read a book, telephone them they cant tell them they cant. Theyll read that book. If theyre going learn burt something dangerous, something unknown, something you think that is beyond their years and hi kidded have done it all and i can share kind of semi horrifying stories. The way i console myself is. Rather then read it in a book that has been carefully looked at, rewritten, written again, edit, overseen by people making sure not to upset, not to found to cater to the academic market to the institutional market 0, would you them go online and google it. And i think also just the dish in a movie takes more time. Miskid when they have seen some things out of siri or inappropriate theyre much her like through to have the nightmare about the movie than tell me theyre having nightmares because they read something scary in a book. This culture of readers. Enables you to have action consecutive your kid because remember this, too. Kids of all ages very often fine it easier to talk about a difficult situation or emission or experience when its not about them. Its about someone else. So its about character in a book, they can talk about it. Something theyre worried but unable to talk about it in terms of themselves, theres a character in a book that is cutting themselves. And i had a nerveracking moment when me daughter was ten years old, she was reading a middle grade book for kid ages 8 to to 2 and she said what does this word mean and it was herin. The reason why it was in that book is because the character in that book had a sister who bass on opioid addict and thats an issue that affects a lot of americans and if you think about those americans who have that situation in their family lives or communities, to see that in a book to see it handled sensitively and in context, that is hugely powerful to that child. To see something that might be allstarring handled in this way. For my daughter it was new and i had to say again, i think that i would rather her learn about it there than in somewhere i have zero control over and she wont come to me necessarily and say what is this. For a child to google something online, i dont think i should have seen that, they wont bring it up but if a book is something they talk to but what they read, thats what your family does, theyre naturally going to come to a parent and ask. One last question i have for you. Notice you suggested one of the tip in passing was reading should not be competitive. And what we are trying to induce kits to use we use competition as a way for hat to happen among siblings, who can read the most books or who can whatever it is. And i was wondering why you think thats particularly harmful in the context of reading. So again, itsing built about extrinsic rewards and not intrinsic reward. You have three children. My first child was a girl, second was a boy, and mying their it thought will he be like this one or that one. Not a totally different child and there are all three really different readers. So theres no competition in a way. My daughter reads for comfort. She reads really trashy stuff and will read history and right now she was given in school the book and thought im dishing this and want to read the real book so he is reading 800 pages of it, i. My middle child loves classic, he is also he is 13 and mostly reading adult books but what was interesting with him, too, i was that he would read books, he read the jungle books, and then he came away from this and you tell parents to trust kids because he came back and said, these have not aged very well. And theres a lot of really kind of racist stuff in here. I thought thats interesting. And some people will say, then dont give your kids those books, protect them. But i think many kids can happen it and you know your child best and know the kinds of things they can process and then my younger child likes to read encyclopedia, the last thing i want to read, and my other two want want to read that. So i try to think of it as theyre all really different. You dont want to is to have one look at themselves im not a reader. So and so is good and shes a reader. No, youre reading all these different kinds of banged, reading fact books and maybe reading long novels but that is what you do. So you dont want it we have those extort of like ickes kid has different tastes and so sometimes they have arguments over whether the other sibling might like such a book because of course they only read that kind of book and the other sibling will get upset and be, like, no, i like those kind of books, too. Again, another way to empower your kids into and to fostary more cooperative way of doing it is as each kid has weeded books out of their room because you can imagine, given my profession they get a lot of books they have to go through them and i ask them, weed out your books, which ones do you think should go to this kid, this kid, which ones should good to a cousin because you dont think your brothers would be interest in and they love that process of thinking im the older brother or sister and i know the younger one better and im going to give him these books. And then it becomes something that i think fosters a different atmosphere around it. All right. Thank you, please join me in thinking pam and paul for joining us today. [applause] charles lane is an editorial writer for Washington Post and the author of this book, freedom detectived the seek secret service, the Klu Klux Klan the man who master minded americas first war on terror. Mr. Lane, you talk about the birth of the kkk following the civil war. Sure. Basically it was a Terror Organization that sprang up approximately 1868 and was active through the early 1870s, targeting the freedman who were africanamericans who had previously been enslaved and white republicans who supported civil rights in the south. Itself called a lot of death and destruction and created a big challenge for the federal government. My book is how the federal government responded. Host one man who is part of the federal government, the head of the secret service, high whitley. The chief of the u. S. Secret service between 1869 and 1874. And we think today of the secret service as the people who protect the president and other dignitaries. Back then it was the detective force, and it was the only one a the government had to draw on, and they were deployed against the klan in the south, and whitley was the chief and directed that campaign, and i tell the story of all the operations, the covert operations they conducted to infiltrate the klan in the south quite successfully in 1871 and 72 and so really kind of an untold aspect of American History with a lot of lessons for us today in terms of the war on terror and the whole existence of federal Law Enforcement and its real history. Can you give me an understanding how the covert operations went . Explain to me how the federal government was able to work their way into the klan in the south at that time. Guest well, whitley him was very knowledgeable but the south, even though he was on the side of the north in the civil war. He gave recruited people who were also loyal to the union and knowledge inable and gave. The disguises and false identities, usually as people who were selling bootleg alcohol or tobacco or Something Like that and dispatched them into the south to ride around and represent themselves as sympathizers of the klan who then actually joined these klan groups in places like alabama and georgia and south carolina, and got information about of them, but they went so deep undercover in a couple of case is talk about that they actually had to participate in the klan operations themselves that got pretty dicey at certain points. It was classic undercover work, very innovative at the time, and it resulted in quite a few indictments against klan members in those states. Host how badly did it hurt the explain we know they didnt stop. Guest well, the klan as such was pretty well broken by 1872. So, the secret Service Operation was part of a broader federal effort involving district attorneys and troops that actually did sort of break the klan orforced the klan to go to ground by 187 2. They came back later in history, decades later, and in reconstruction white terrorism took a different form in the south, more overt. As the Klu Klux Klan that was we know of that wears the robes and the hoods and goes around at night in terror operations think secret service, the u. S. Army and the justice department. Did the think of the word terrorism. Guest they did. These tactics were labeled as terror or terrorism, by the critics of the Klu Klux Klan, and it was a very destabilizing and frightening phenomenon for the north to discover that there were people in the south target thing leaders both black and white of the Republican Party. It was physically understood as an organized campaign to take down the reconstruction governments in the southern states, but the trouble was finding an effective response. Host was there a fear of another southern coup . Guest there was and there was belief they often called them the rebels as if the Confederate Army was kind of being reconstituted and in fact the Klu Klux Klan consisted in large part of former confederate officers and form are confederate soldiers. Many of the same locally organized confederate companies reconstituted as klan the dens in some of these southern small town. Host i dont want you to give your whole book a e. But mr. Whitley came to a scandalous appeared. Guest like many spymaster in the history, hi rum wittley had a dark side and, yes, his penchant for plots and intrigue and his loose ethics led him to commit the secret service to a kind of political dirty tricks on behalf of the Republican Party that was the Grant Administration at that time. They got caught and that was the downfall of whitley and to some extend of the secret service, too, and its why the secret Service Never did develop into the sort of fullblown federal law agency that it might have otherwise. And why it wasnt really until the 20th century we had an fbi. Host charles lane, you can read his work in the Washington Post, an editorial writer. National review editor rich lowery makes his case for to positive contributes of nationalism. Computer and Information Science professors discuss algorithm design and dougweed dougweed provides an inside look in the trump white house. Booktv continue opposite chops cspan. Television for serious readers. Now on booktvs after words university of maryland Baltimore County president , freeman hrabowski, shers insights on building and naming an inclusive, high achieving and innovative university. He is interviewed by author and robin hood ceo wesmoore. Host it is my honor to join a mentor, guide, role model and one of our societys truest

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