Wonderful Community Party america, the womens fund, Columbus School for girls. I would introduce janice and kelly. But first met me ask you to silence your phones or other is nomakers you might noise makerred continue so we can hear everything. I hope you have visit the were right down the street and two blocks down and we invite any of you who have not been there, before to come and browse. We have been open for just over these years and we hosted 300 book related events during that period. [applause] besides the curated full service independent become store for central ohio, our mission is to connect the community with talents authors, launching important book and. You received a program when you came in and i want to quickly give a shutout to three Upcoming Events listed there. We produced eight events every month. First literary legend James Mcbride, called a modern day mark twain by the new york times. His latest novel won the National Bark award for fiction. The good lord squished the author, the color of water, black mans tribute to his white mother. Mcbride is back with king kong, the hilarious tapestry of late of 60s brooklyn history. Meet James Mcbride in person. Ticks are through event bright. And then we feature wonderful memoir by writer elise gold barr, a memoir of steel and grit. A look at the rust belt childhood and the people he sees they unsung back bone of our country. It witness be held town the street at gramercy books and finally i just want to do shoutout for march 30th. Were really thrilled to feature Jerry Mitchell to hear about his craning just story being to justice the chance men responsible for the most notorious crimes for the. Its about the unsolved murder cases of the Civil Rights Era and will be in conversation with Ohio State University historian has has san jeffries hasan jeffreys. And on to tonight. You will be hearing about women geniuses. Even in the time of rethinking womens roles, we define genius look exclusively through male achievement. When asked to name a genius, most people mention Albert Einstein or steve jobs. Janice kaplan decided to fine out why. Why had the extraordinary work of so many women been brush aside. The result is a Remarkable Book the genius of women. She makes surprise little stoffers about women generaluses now and throughout history in fields from music to robotics. Her research is extensive. She conducted interviewed neuroscientists, psychologists and dozens of women geniusness work. Janice kaplan has enjoyed wide success as a magazine editor, television producer, write and are journalie, the former editor in chief of parade magazine, there she worked we Major Political figures including president barack obama and she interviewed also stars like Barbara Streisand and matt damon she was Deputy Editor of dtv god magazine and executive producer of the Tv Guide Television group where she create more than 30 Television Shows that aired primetime on major networks. She began a career as an Award Winning producer at abc tvs good morning america, authored or co authored 14 books, including anytime nims best seller, the gratitude diaries. Janice kaplan isoclor lay woman genius. Joining janice in conversation is kelly griesmer, woman genius as well, president and ceo of the womens fund of central ohio, Public Foundation that is fiercely committed to igniting social change nor sake of gender equity. Kelly is deeply commit did this working having been involved with the women rudds fun as a volunteer for many years who work as a partner with jones day as chief private officer and as Senior Vice President of the columbus foundation. After their conversation you can ask janice some questions, and those wishing to ask questions can do so by lining up right here to my right to your left, and well brick the microphone and youll just line up in this aisle so we can answer questions afterwards. After the question and answer, youll still if you have not gotten a book you, purchase one then and janice will sign copies. Now please gave warm welcome to Janice Kaplan and kelley griesmer. [applause] okay. On mic, do we need this one or this one . Am i doing anything here . Nope. There we go. Excellent. Welcome, janice. Thank you. Thank you all for being here. Its great night. I obviously its hard to imagine someone who thinks about implicit bias and gender norms as much as die so you can imagine what a fan woman i am of this author for having spent the time and the vulnerability to write this book so thank you for being here tonight and i wanted to do justice. One thing we have to realize sitting here today, i said to janice as we were coming up here, today marks the passing of Katherine Johnson. And 101 years old and for whose whose name doesnt ring a bell i hope i will from this did forward. She is the hidden figure at the center of the movie Hidden Figures. Helped john glenn go into space some and my hash tag for today has been no more Hidden Figures and i think that janice shares in that. So, thank you, katherine, for everything she did to pave the way for us. So janice, you spent a lot of time thinking but people like Katherine Johnson. What inspired you to take on the genius of women as the topic of this 15th poock. Well, i had been thinking about womens issues for a long time in the career but the particular impetus for thus was a survey done by a friend of minimum, mike berlin. A wellknown strategist and pollster and did a survey and found that 90 of americans think that geniuses ten to be men. 90 . You dont get 90 of americans to save they like chocolate ice cream. And so we went out to lunch, mike presented his findings to me, and he said, what do you think is going on . And i really had no idea, and so mike paid for lunch and i spent the next two years trying to come up with an answer for him. There was another part in your book they said they asked people if they could be a genius. And 15 of men said, probably. I might be a genius. How many women said so. Zero. Not a single woman in the survey who said she might be a generous. Lets admit the 15 of when 0 who said theyre geniuses are possibly delusional, but thats okay because you have to think that you can do something before you can actually do it. So, i actually think its much better and i would like to hear a lot more women say, well, yeah, maybe i am. Maybe i am. And that zero did is stunning. And so i like to just going to play at game. Wasnt someone tober very brave. Name a woman generalus right now. Madam currie. The number one answer. In that same survey mike found that when asked to name a female genius the only one name could name is madam currie and a called of roslyn franklins thrown in there why do we just not know these names in what had we never heard of Katherine Johnson until somebody did a movie but sneer part of the excitement for me in doing this book was in uncovering these people from the past, and in looking at the panel from the present, and the book is not just its no knot profiles. At a narrative pout women and womens issues but to be able to discovery these people and weave their stories through was exciting. Thats a great point. What i loved so much about the book was i did expect when i first got it that i would just going to read these wonderful stories of different generouses and learn from them. Instead you opened up this thought process for me over the course of the various chapters what is a genius . How has the definition of afternoon genius been shaped by society, and share with us i said that at the definition of genius is exceptional or power or other natural ability. What do you think but that. I tried to change the definition of genius and to rethink what we think of genius. And i started my research in london, and i spoke to a professor at cambridge named charles jones, and we went out to lunch. Get a lot of good lunches when youre a writer. I told him i was thinking about genius and what that meant, and he sort of took a couple of sips of his chardonnay and in a very museumy inning plumy english accent he said, genius, where extraordinary talent meets celebrity. And i was really taken aback by a that. Middle easts celebrity. Now meets celebrity. This is a cambridge professor. This guy is a white haired academic he did not mean celebrity in the card car dashian kardashian way. What he meant was getting you work noticed, getting your work recognized so whether youre in a corporation in academia, in science or the arts, lot of miami do great work buff it its not noticed or recognize or nobody is paying attention, it cant have an impact on the current generation or on future generations. And i think for too much of history, and even probably up until this very moment, women have had half of the equation. Had the extraordinary talent and they havent had the notice, the celebrity, the recognition. Talk about why people dont know thats in a mitt. I know that theres been a little bit a little bit of that equation that has to do with the nurture side of things, the encourage talk about how i guess genius is born. Well, we tend to thing of genius as a natural state, either you are or arent buts adid the research i realized its just not true. Bag genius isnt like being elected class president and you name appears in yearbook forever. Who we consider a genius changes overfine and jean news needs to be nurtured. It doesnt appear fullblown . He tell the story of mose saturday and his sister women think holm most sadr mozart was a great joanus and his sister was as well and he was equal lay child prodigy and they toured together and some people say he was better musician little ben we hit her early tones her father told her it was time to go home it was scandalous for her to continue being a musician in public and she had to go home and be married which was the only proper thing for an early teenager of the time in the 1600s. Now, mozart got to go ons, his talent was under tiered. Met composers and conductors people who helped them, put him in great positions itch if mozart had been sin home and couldnt play his music is in living room would we consider him a genius . If beethoven never got to compose because it scandal laws noons work to be played in income we couldnt consider him a genius. Genius needs to be the not that its natural but needs to be nurtured and recognize. Well be calling the dictionary company. And i think you just said it. Its not a zero sum game. And i think that whenever we get into the organization where i work we spend a lot of time talking about implies sis bias and gender norms and what does that mean, and a lot of times the first thing that people want to say to us is, i hate men so you hate men. And people why there are not more men is in room . Because its intimidating and well be upset with them. What we all realize is this bias this is a generations old problem. Host biases have been affected by the way you look at women and their geniuses. When did you start of become aware of the bias issue. Or was it something youd already thought about before he wrote the book are more deeply after what you gots into it. Janice first thing when you are talking about the anchorman. It is not an angry book. Men you will not get upset by this book. Im husband says that two. And i think women are surprised when the read the book. Because its a lot of things in there that they have not expected before. In the biases reallyex importan. Its a confirmation bias. Its a say that when you have an idea about something, you have a belief in weather is something you always think, it is hard to change that idea. So i will give a political example. Other than the example about cars. If you just bought a new car because you think it is very best car out there. Once you get it, you start looking for all the articles and all the friends about the same car because is the best car. And if somebody tells you that this is not a good car, you pretty sure they are wrong. We do the same thing with men and women. We have our days about what they are. So the new stereotype which by the way is as damaging as the old one is that women are cooperative. And mentor leaders. As thell truth. Of course it is not true. We all know Women Leaders and women who are loners. We know men are exactly the same. Because the becomes the belief, when you see a woman who is those things. You immediately start to notice that and you discard all the others so it becomes a selffulfilling prophecy that what we expect to be becomes obesity and then becomes what we become in many ways. Host women have learned behaviors to succeed in many ways i dont know that many of us had a choice than to be collegial because when we are not, that is really a problem so isnt that are politicians who are women or anyone or Business Leader tend to be more collegial or is that a learned behavior. In his actually is the innate behavior. Janice of course it is a learned behavior. Surely he was the former president of princeton and a microbiologist, told me that when she was younger and she was the slightest, choose eyes and try to imagine a scientist and when she was able to picture man as often as she could picture woman, she knew that she was okay. Until the story to another woman scientist who i was interviewing later and she said, this amazing because when i close my eyes, i can even picture myself. I think that is what happens, those external messages become very deeply embedded in us. Abalone at the beginning of the book, the Patriarch Tree limbs in us. We have accepted those messages. Its just not men who were causing a problem. Its that we feel it very deeply as well. In terms of your question also about women, i think women can only had to do the great work around. If youre not ours, and symbiosis empowering a employee your god, you gotta figure out how to make it work. So sometimes that does me to be reamed by someone elses rules. I dontt think thats a bad thing. I think throughout history would done it. Theyn figured out based around obstacles and input to do that. I dont have a problem with that. Kelley is so culturally piece of our lives now. In our belief and a lot of people i think youve used for an example the book is someone who has allowed herself in some ways to become cuddly goats or because you know, it is something that she knows in a way that she is getting what she needs by becoming endearing to people in her story becoming what it is. And even when you watch the become her first case is actually about a man who wanted to tend to his mother. Modest another woman. The whole idea of caretaking, the first case was men not women. Janice and she didnt have to do the great work around and when she was at Harvard Law School when the very few women in the classroom, her husband was also there. And they have a Group Meeting and told her and she was asked why did sheas want to go to law school. She swallowed hard and she said, so i can support my husband better and understand what he is doing. Im sure she wanted to throw up when she said that. Ours is not why she wanted to go to law school so that she could understand with her husband was doing. She wanted to be a lawyer and she wanted become a Supreme Court justice. But she knew that is what she needed to say to get into law school. If youre able to do Something Like that andho elite still givg the powerful person the drawer, i think you have to recognize the times. Janice anything about bias in how people interact on a daily basis, but theres these unwritten ways that i think that such rights are life you point at one point in the book, i think the very beginning pretty. Kelley Something Like wikipedia only has like 15 percent of it focuses on women. When the new york times, obituaries, Something Like 10 percent of them ever been about women. So these are things that are embedded our culture. This is the marker by which we judge what is important and i dont think anyone thinks, none of us are realizing that by reading the obituaries we are reinforcing biases that women are not important but thats exactly what it does . Kelley they started something a couple old overlook which is a column of all of the people who shouldve had obituaries in the times and did not. And they started with i think was five women to launch this when you look at those women who were there, you are stunned, it was charlotte who wrote in sylvias, who are these famous books. And dorothea lane who was a great photographer. What were theyy thinking. How was it that charlotte died was with this fabulously successful in at the time and nobody thought she deserved to be in the obituaries at the time. It was simply because it was nothing else to say. She was a woman. She just was not seen. They wouldnt even think of it. I think it was also start early in the book about a woman who 18 nobel prize in chemistry and so, you might want to look her up and is more information but she did not have a wikipedia page. It wasnt because somebody hadnt submitted one for her they were various reason tend to be mostly men. They were part cannot think that this would possibly be important. She won the nobel prize agenda wikipedia page. That is a very hard bar high bar for a woman. And i think wikipedia is run by a woman. Kelley and she explains, i love wikipedia. Janice she pointed out the wikipedia is not setting the rules, its what the society thinks is important. Kelley sometimes we want to say the wikipedia is causing the problem and really, is a reflection and what is in all of us and i think that is the easy game we play. But wikipedia out of business. Butt really, that will solve anything. Janice these are reflections in the times or whatever else is reflecting what we allll think d expect or whatt we expect at the time. In time to start a change. Kelley lets talk about the brain. There is a difference. You talk a lot in the book about people of written about the difference between women and men. And some people have made a lot of money thinking that they p cn describein this. What did she find about the difference between men and womens brains. Janice she is neurologist and neurosciences in chicago and she told me she started out wanting to do about about the difference between men and women because theres always been headline. But she is a scientist, a researcher so she started looking at all of the data and looking at the samples and she said to me, you realize ive got nothing. Because basically when you come down to it, differences in the male and female brains are minuscule. And you hear over and over again, that people always tell you that i treat my children exactly the same and the boys and girls just behave differently. This must be hardwired. And she sort of buried her head and said the only thing that is hardwired, is the brainstem. Which is what controls our instincts. Every thing else when the baby is born, this is the full mass of neurons that are not connected. The social messaging they get children get very early is what is hardwired. And why is it we talk about hardwired when we u talk about gender issues. If i told you when children by the time they hit 18 months, they speak different languages, and so that must be proof that it is hardwired and you would say, dont be ridiculous, they are picking it up from what their parents are speaking. Family speaks spanish so when we understand that pretty but we dont understand that liking people blow or liking barbie dolls, versus liking legos, why would we think that is hardwired rated this hard to pick up the social cues to pick up Foreign Language than it is to say you look so darn cute little pink usoutfit. Kelley you do see marketers say and look for or creating blue and pink and make things that are more specifically for girls are for boys. And those that still that bias that is coming out. Janice if you try to get a toy that is not male or female, it is really hard to find and by the way people talk a lot about the hardware. I think we are making hisis progress. Were going who actually backwards. The toys are becoming more more info is becoming more and more divided by gender. That is not terribly hopeful. What is that gender revealed stories about. [laughter]. Other than saying, bliss is the most important thing about this child. This announces what my child is going to be. Well guess what, maybe you will have a boy who likes poetry and a girl who loves to play rugby. So the gender revealed parties only say heres how im going to stereotype my child from birth. [laughter]. Kelley is trying to buy a pair of white pants were a boy from one time and it was impossible. Janice a toddler tshirt which really cuteness buildout genius, and each letter of genius was one of the boxes from the periodic table and it was noise and low and can only find it under tomboys close. But at the same tshirt and blue and he couldve found it if you were looking at her top of girls but it was not there. Kelley lets talk about profiles. There are some Amazing Stories about women we should know about. We talked about a few, and i was excited, tell us about lisa, she could insert how shes being honored in the rearview as you would put it rated. Janice she was this amazing woman in the 1930s who discover Nuclear Fusion and she was the first person to understand that when you split and out of the nucleus of an atom, uranium, there was an exposing of energy and of course led to Nuclear Energy led to Nuclear Weapons but she was not willing to be any part of. But is also something that turned physics on his head. It was really important and it won the nobel prize. I think it did because she did not know into her lab partner who was a kid missed reading for my red, user and iceman. An aggregate chemist and maybe even deserve nobel prize for Something Else but he sure did not deserve that one because he didnt even understand it. But the men and of course there were men they just could not wrap heads around the idea that couldve been a woman responsible for this enormous rate through. They went into a confirmation bias that must be the woman behind the man. Demented does it and its the woman behind the man. So they get the nobel prize demand. Many years later, they release the nobel seedings. In a group looked at that, the most egregious oversight ever. And only me there was a lots of competition for that. What was kelly was referring to many m physicists since, has trd making up to her. Now theres an asteroid name for her. There statues n of her all over berlin question is work right in my favorite the periodic table rate there is no an element on thtable. Kelley think later when youre talking about what helps women geniuses succeed is that they need to have seen something that gives them the confidence to keep pressing on the north so few of those that even though theyth wont know in their life, there is something important about us seeing these women even today and calling out. Janice we dont see it, you dont know that you could be it. The actress who is a star when she was a teenager and more recently was on the big bang theory. In between those two shows, she had her phd in neuroscience. As of any story, when she went to do her audition big bang theory, she spent the last seven years getting her phd in neuroscience, and so she turned in her head shots that has your picture and resume on it and she didnt know where to put that she was a phd in your neurosciences she put it under other. Like you say goodd skateboardin. As of the producers known that this was for the big bang. They thought it was a joke and she said noau so joe, its actually true. And they did make the character a nero scientist so that she could correct any mistakes. What is going to say is that when we spoke, she talked about how important it is to her that she has this role. And that shea can present a neo scientist fleming somebody who can have a full life she is show. D on the its okay. She is married, and it starts to get images of different kinds of lives that women can have in a said that there things, their popular culture, that is okay to be. Kelley is interesting that you bring up marriage and family. Because i think you noted as human a lot of these women, very many of them have families pretty children that they are juggling and partners, i recently was introducing somebody, through the fellowship in the name of a woman who was the first and the surgery. And she was at ohio state and for she had been completely ignored until recently. Someone put to the wall and said wiser picture of everyone else about her. And when i was talking about the importance of its seeing her and what is important to have a fellowship in her name, someone in the back would work with her stood up and said she would never wanted this. She never saw herself. She marriedd surgery. And i thought, thats another one of those biases if you are a woman genius, you mustve given up everything else. All of the things in our body is made too do, you give that up to actually focus on the rate because you cannot possibly do both. To think thats a little bit of that sensitivity on the other side that we can do both. Number one focus and effectively managed full enough. Janice i had not gone out looking for women who were married and had children. But it did turn out that almost all of the genius women, minor these women did have these multidimensional lives. And many of them had taught their children, and team reviewed teenagers and brought children. President of barnard college, told me that she thinks is truly important for women to have many cells pretty she did not mean that in the three faces. Nobody is suggesting schizophrenia but she said the you have many different roles. She is a psychology researcher, president of the university, shes a mom, shes wife, shes a colleague, friend, and she said, some days she thinks that she is the most important researcher making these great breakthroughs in todays she think she is the worst moment the world because she is about to pack her daughters lunch. Thats okay and its really hopeful when you have these many different roles and she said if you slip up on one, you can always fall back into the other. Weve always assumed it women have careers and family life and i think women find a great richness to the lives of the recognizes okay to have many selves and parsley life. Kelley someone of her other favorites because of it even ine the introduction, i looked up wikipedia and the photo of the genius next to the sort of click on this with elbert einstein. It turns out, and a pinpoint to talk about elbert einsteins first wife. We should hear her name. And i just think of her as einsteins first wife because she was important. Potentially to some of the things that he discovered. Janice she was that great scientist and mathematician in her own right before they gotat married. Angela a lot of research and theres been ach lot of discussn over the years on the stoop how much he contributed to the relatively and is greatest discovery. There is some suggestion that they were True Partners in this. And he for example in britain her letters talking about when our discovery is known and when we win the nobel prize for this. Various other suggestions that they really worked very closely together. I am able to make a determination on exactly how much she contributes integrated i dont know whether they were actual colleagues, partners or whether they just discuss things in bed at night. This is notdi something i can determine but whatme i found really fascinating was how upset people get the suggestion that she might have participated in the discovery of relativel rela. Some people are einstein all of the way. He did this alone. When Everybody Knows that einstein was not actually the great mathematician certain things nature to some well known mathematicians of the times to help with some of the things within other great discoveries. Thats what scientists do. Thats what academics do. So the fact that it is so shocking and upsetting to people that mightve been his wife, i find kind of funny actually. Kelley these are his own writings and given some of the cultural confirmation bias that exist, to think, it seems remarkable that he would be so open about our discovery if she was not a little bit involved because the confirmation bias was not like give have to credit your wife. It was not really the natural thing. And he did give her half of the money. And they say well when they became divorce, but he did give her half of the nobel prize money. Janice he promised her that earlylfth. We dont know. As a former lawyer,. [laughter]. Im just to go with it. [laughter]. Kelley and we only have so much time tonight but i do think that i know youll want people to come up. We talked a little bit about these other people maybe justjo tell me a little bit, what was the realization upon meeting joe. Janice a tenured professor, a lot about the people above but chose a tenured professor. In been hired away from oxford. And he was with business. Knobs going out early in my research to interview her. I studied really hard for this interview. Talk to this might figure into one allstar subgroup awards. Including but ann age on the universe and i really wanted to be prepared. I really wanted to be prepared for this interview site go down and i knockal on her door, and this very very pretty woman in her late 30s opens the door and she has big smile and shes going pretty floral dress and she says oh come in and the i get you some tea. We sat down and we talked about for two toddler daughters. Maybe when i sent you, that is going to interview her tenure professor at princeton, thats exactly the image you had great if so, youre better person i am. I was working on this subject and yet i realize that when i opened the door, that someone in the back of my head i didnt expect to see over einstein. Kelley i think thats the importance of the vulnerability of us. La an example we can think about these things all of the time. So when were thinking about the people we meet that are just, chatting with and they often dont understand what we are talking about. I have to remember, we have done it to. To the patriarchy lives in us and all of us. The vulnerability to help us break the ice. Janice stand upy hard to against the whole society. An little nine yearold girl, and i met with her mom was a Family Doctor told the month was eating too much as you little worried and she said, is there something wrong with her always been he said no there is a fine but the girl could get too smart for her own good. Yes, you heard that. My mom seem to understand exactly what he meant and she just sort of nodded. Those are the kind things that stain your mind for a very long time. Hopefully were wise in enough to not tell that to little girls. We live in a time of a thousand nudges. Were always nudging girls in slightly different direction than we are nudging voice. Kelley s as we have a few minutes left to talk about. How do we help women see the genius. Or even if you are thinking about your own genius, can you do to bring out. I think you focus on the things that help in one of the things before i get to the point you showed variant of the book, i did find one thing and sorry if this is a spoiler alert for hamilton. [laughter]. I loved it. It was my 50th birthday trip. And i did not for a minute to learn anything aboutit women. And yet this is part of the story about who tells her story. Hamilton would not be who hamilton is having his wife not told a story. Is that right. [applause]. Thats how i read it. Janice in the book. T who tells your story really matters. I wanted took be able to tell te stories and to be of the hear the stories a little bit differently. I realize the real difference between genius been ingenuous bewomen is not natural ability r talent and not even hard work but being in a position of setting the rules. And so naturally as you were suggesting before about this bias, you look at people who are like you. You annoy them as the great artist. We were talking before about the fact that when you go into so many museums, there almost no Women Artists on the walls. Women have been painting for a long time. Ive been talking about a lot of the genius women of the renaissance. And it gets written out of history. There is a story about another woman there was been discovered after 400 years. It was so excited about that and i saw some of the market i went to that place but it makes you wonder, if her work is great now, and deserves his solo show in the museum, has it not been great for the last 400 years. Why did we not notice this. That is the question of who gets to say it. Kelley i think when we talk about gender so much, theres an intersection that even complicates this so much more is eveni think it harder for a woman of color. To be recognized for and because of theco inability to be heard d nurtured. 11th grade class out the somewhere. Have you thought a little bit about even the intersection that we how these things all come together. I did. I didnt write extensively about that because i didnt think it was the right person to do it but i did interview a wonderful woman named carol edison the head of the African American studies department at emory university. I hope you will read about her in the book because i was so struck by her and our i met her by chance at an event and i liked her so much we agreed to talk and i quickly bought one of her books and i read it and we sat down the next day. I said her one to her you also have 16 footnotes in the first two pages. She said im a black woman. Im not allowed to make any mistakes nobody believes what i say so it has to be completely backed up and supported. I was very struck with that. Being a white woman that would not have occurred to me. But yes. To make a very naive discovery. And with that vulnerability to realize. So at the end of the book there are six things that you think that will help them flourish. What kind of person does that have to be . With those changes on the renaissance. Wo and more recently of course with a mentor or a teacher. And i was struck by the fact because the whole world will side. On your but blindness does not mean the ignorant. There are obstacles everybody faces. I found over and over again my surprise that where they can actually make some change there are a lot of structural problems but your kids only have one life. And to encourage yourself to have that passionn and focus to push those obstacles away. You said its interesting and we all r dont. So then maybe seeing that and at oxford as an undergraduate. Because she didnt see herself as a woman. But now that she is in the position where she can do something that all women to say no they should not have my personality. It has nothing to do with that. And sometimes we just it makes you think we are all of the same profession. So seeing beyond gender was another one. And thinking we are allng the same that she never likes to be called a woman, director. It sounds like a subtle distinction. You are lumping them all together. Thats great i am a director and i love that too. Beauty and genius are connected. With the case that they are. And the people that i spokeng to. And a positive approach to look for positivity everywhere. And to have a more wonderful outlook. And with a nobel prize in chemistry a couple of years ago. And that it will take a long time for the nobel prize. And that everybody told her they as crazy. And how you have the courage to that anyway . I did not doubt myself and just to say i did not doubt myself. And that they need to be okay. We wont do it again with the issue of multitude. So those who are geniuses have to be willing to be outliers for a certain first month of certain extent. And we all really want to belong. So what is it . What does that mean when they have a belief that they belong . To be part of your field as anybody else does so one of the worlds experts in intelligence that they use computers and like when they started off people said this could not work. And to be extraordinarily brilliant. And then to say i think i am right. If i am not in that wonderful sense of im part of this community. And to come up with my own ideas. Because its okay to be a little bit different. And to care about what you are doing and to be compassionate aboutbo it. Now we will ask for some questions but i will say there ison one quotation that should stick with you and that book. Historically because nobody was willing to recognize or encourage it. A social change and powerful results. And to be very for women and girls thank you for saying that. Because maybe what you heard tonight was that of these women that you know. And to think about the stories of the women around you. If otherwise youre not looking very hard. Any closing thoughts. And with these topics because talking about them and recognizing them. Thank you. [applause] but early on talk about those conversations. And then to be democratized. Thats a great question i never heard before. And the passionate about their work at managing director at goldman sachs. And the private equity firm. Finances one of the hardest and she did cant one talk about when the things you find yourself and then a courage and women to say its okay and recognize you are amazing. And recognize you can do good work. We are having a hard time with the definition and your perspective and the broader perspective. I think the point is and what we understood before. Asked ordinary woman doing extra ordinary things. And because we define as a genius in the anybody would disagree with that. But one of the things that was particularly delightful. I started getting calls and emails from people all over. And what you like to include this woman . And in some ways i hope i did include everybody of course is not inclusive. I hope i use them as examples. And then to say she is a genius to. So that is exactly. So what i found very interesting and the society defined as iq is that really who gets recognized . As the smartest person on the earth. With the 50 greatest living geniuses. Michael jordan so my point is. There are plenty of people that are willing to say we sell tshirts and hats is a genius. So lets find but was with 42 of them and only find a women. [applause] by the way i do talk about in the book. Virtually all of them turn out to be facetious and just wrong. So with this idea you could measure the size of somebodys head and the bigger the head the more likely they were to be a genius. [laughter] in one professor said we one whales are the geniuses. And it continues to be proven over and over of how good you are it has nothing to do with a genius. So there is no absolute measure for it. [inaudible] [inaudible] congratulations on that. So you can start integrating boys and girls much earlier. So we expect by the time in the workplace with the law firm or business place so a young friend of mine has a son who was three years old in daycare and wrote to the director a couple of his friends and said im so sorry they cannot be in the group they are girls. Why are we separating boys and girls at agege three . And then at age 30 expect them to get along . I have a question relative to pull together to this environment. I dont get it they are targeted. And dont care. I dont care. And that is such a huge shift. [inaudible] so how do we help them that there are so angry men in general . And with that environment to help her boys. [applause] you have obviously done that if you can say that and recognize that. I think to have your sons be the man that you wanted to marry. And having those conversations is really important in some things we should be naturally talking to girls about, lets talk to boys also. You are on the right track and hopefully others will follow. Thats the best example. Again thank you for being here. Yet i heard collegial and cooperative set of words in your talk. And so what i would like to you how they have had each others back but not with happiness every minute. My experience is there is a huge awareness of the need to help other women. And as i said they are doing it in a position and to be collegial andth cooperative is not pejorative to other women i was just saying that as a stereotype. And its meant to be positive but women are so collegial that thats why we need to have that diversity and it is a danger because with that announcement to announce they are not Something Else. If you say they are collegial that means they are not leaders that they like to Work Together but they do not lead so that distinctiveness of what each of them are and what we need to do and as he put this book together woman versus man. Just stopped doing that and start recognizing our individual talents and recognizing its time to tell people what matters is what each of us can do. Thank you both. [applause] video. In the handlers, as he spent cities. Good evening everybody will good evening everybody we will get started. Welcome to the American Enterprise institute. And it is my great g pleasure to welcome you to my good friend and colleague michael strain director of economic studies a widely polished scholar in many areas