Transcripts For CSPAN2 The 20240704

Americans can see democracy at work. Citizens are truly influence while the public thrives. Get influence straight from the source on cspan. Unfiltered unbiased word for word. From the Nations Capital to wherever you are. The opinion that matters the most is your own. This is what democracy looks like. Cspan powered by cable. I dont think i need to do much to introduce. I think you all know who she is. Started off in brooklyn and then wound up here on long island. There you go. A red sox fan. Not truly in the younger days. Learn about her and her father she wrote a wonderful book. What is it called . A terrific book. She went to harvard and got her various degrees. Taught at harvard for a while. A staffer, lbj. Lbj was really her focus for quite a while and then she got into writing and has written all of these wonderful books. I had offered her a blurb anytime she wants it. My blurb will be if Doris Kearns Goodwin wrote a biography i would buy it and read it in one night. [laughter] let me introduce to you doris. [applause] thank you. I am so glad to be with all of you today. I am really glad i can talk with you tonight. I want to talk to you about one of the most underappreciated aspects of leadership that ive discovered in all my years of studying leaders. My ability to find time to relax , to refuel, to recharge, to replenish energy. Something that is harder and harder to do when our cell phones travel with us everywhere we go. In recent studies that i found yit claims that our brains need time to recharge or we run out of juice like our cell phones. This is something that i have studied. My guys i like to call them because i spent so much time with them they somehow understood without the benefit of these modern studies that they needed to find time to relax and recharge. They were pretty busy, they handled depressions and wars and if they could find time to relax and rechargee i think maybe we could as well. By way of introduction, let me say that somehow Lyndon Johnson was an important part of why became a president ial historian. Never could i have imagined five decades agogo when i started my career that i would end up studying dead president s for the rest of my life. It may seem a rather odd profession but i would not change it for anything in the world. My only fear is that in the afterlife there will be a panel of all the president s ive ever studied. Every single one will tell me every single thing i missed about them. The first person to scream out will bes Lyndon Johnson. How come that damn book on the roosevelt wasio twice as long as the book you wrote about me. He would have a valid point. No question that that experience of being a fellow to Lyndon Johnson was what made me want to be a president ial historian. A big dance at the white house tonight we were selected as white house fellows. He did dance with me. It was not that peculiar. He whispered he wanted me to be assigned directly to him in the white house. One person in the white house staff and the others were cabinet officers. It was not to be that simple. The months leading up to my selection like many young people id been active in the Anti Vietnam Movement when i was at harvard. A friend of mine and i had collaborated on a new article. We heardt nothing from them whh was an article against Lyndon Johnson in a war against vietnam suddenly it appeared several days after the dance in the white house with the title how to remove Lyndon Johnson in 1968 [laughter] i was certain he would kick me outn of the program but instead he said bring her down here for a year and if i cannot win her over, no one can. I did eventually end up working for them in the white house. Never fully understanding why he chose me to spend so many hours to talk with. He loved to talk. He was a fabulous colorful antidotal storyteller. I like to listen and i like to believe that is why i was there. I always worry that part of it was i was a young woman and he had somewhat of a reputation with women. I washi constantly chatting to them about steady boyfriends even though i had no boyfriend at all. Everything was perfect until one day he said he wanted to discuss our relationship which sounded rather ominous when he took us to the near lake. Wine and cheese and a red check tablecloth and he started outdoors, more than any other woman ive ever known in my heart sank. You remind me of my mother. [laughter] it was pretty embarrassing. [laughter] given what was going on in my mind. [laughter] the older ive got and the more i realized what an incredible privilege it was to spend so many hours with this man. Defeated in the war in vietnam and a victory in so many ways a bipartisan leader able to bring both sides of the aisle together for historic legislation on civil rights and Voting Rights in medicare. I would likeer to believe that that experience fired within me the drive to understand the inner person behind the public figure asnd i move from lbj to k from jfk to Abraham Lincoln from Abraham Lincoln to Franklin Roosevelt from Franklin Roosevelt to Teddy Roosevelt and William Howard taft. Like i said i would not change it for anything in the world did i am so grateful to have become a historian and so glad to be among president ial descendents. So exciting for me to meet all of you today. Here we are. I will talk to you today about the president s that i know the best which are lincoln, teddy, franklin and lbj and how they find time. We are living in a really difficult time as you all know. A cascading t series of crises. We have to find ways to find ourselves in the midst of it all one thing i think history can teach us is the most important lesson is we have been through really difficult times before. Really, really hard times. Civil war, the Great Depression, world war ii. The thing is we know how those crises ended. We know the civil war ended with emancipation secure in the union s accord. We knowne the Great Depression came to an end. The most important fight against fascism probably ever in western history. The People Living at that time did not know these things. They live like we do with the anxiety of whether we know what the next chapter of our history will be. The important thing is i think history can teach us that weve been through these tough times before wehi emerge with greater strength. We have to believe in this country. I am talking tonight about something lighter, but i think deeper underneath that is we have to do something. We have to be part of this democracy. We have to make it strengthened. I believe history tells us weve done it before and we owe it to our own citizens to do it again. How did these people in the middle of these terrible pressures like the pressures we are dealing with today, how did they find time to recharge and relax. Abraham lincoln, my guy f who i lived with for the longest period of time, 10 years, so much so i felt like i came to know him. I wake up with them in the morning i think about them when i go to bed at night. He went to the theater 100 times during the civil war. Maybe even more than that. They know he went there 100 times. It could be 200 times. When he went to a shakespeare play, that for a few precious hours he could forget the war that was raging. People would criticize him, why are you doing this. How can you go to the theater in the midst of all of these pressures. He said if i did not go, the anxiety would kill me. That is one way he was able to relax. He had an extraordinary sense of humor. He would tell funny stories in the midst of the worst cabinet meetings. Some of the stories had a moral but some are just simply hilarious. When he had been a lawyer on the circuit in illinois they would travel from one county courthouse to the other and everywhere that he would go at the end of the day the lawyers and the doug judges and bailiffs, people would come from miles around to listen to Abraham Lincoln tell stories. He would stand with his back against the fire and entertain the crowd hour after hour. One of my favorite stories that he loved to tell had to do with the revolutionary war hero ethan allen who went to england after the war. They decided he was going to a dinner party in england so they decided to embarrass him by putting a huge picture of bgeneral George Washington whee he would have to encounter it sooner or later. Figured he would be best off at the idea that George Washington was in an outhouse. He came out not upset at all. Did you see George Washington there . Yes, the perfectly appropriate place for him. Nwhat do you mean . There is nothing to make an english man ship faster than the side of general George Washington. [laughter] he had hundreds ofie these stors in the middle of the worst cabinet meetings, he would suddenly remember there is a story related to what im talking about and out would come one of these great stories. I told that story on jon stewart and they had to [bleep] the word i just said it was lincoln who said it, not me. [laughter] anyway, a good story for him was better than a drop of whiskey. One time people said to him, why do yoube tell so many stories . He said because stories are better than facts and figures. Stories have a beginning, middle and end. He understood w what is true. Even today there was a Great National park ranger telling stories about Teddy Roosevelt. Something about stories where our brain is hardwired so stories are the way our ancestors used to tell people what the next generation would want to know. Lincoln understood that. When you look at the speeches he gave, we remember the beautiful language. This is where we come from, this is where we are now and this is where we need to go. The other way he was able to find solace in relaxation, he found refuge by getting away from washington, d. C. From juneld until october, he ad his family would go to the soldiers home 3 miles away from washington. It was a beautiful government compound for disabled veterans. It included a twostory brick cottage work he was able to live hein the summer. It was they are away from the pressures of washington that he was able to think through the emancipation proclamation to write it and think the war of necessity that would allow them to constitutionally make it possible. A number of our other president s have now discovered including apearson buchanan and grant and harrison that summertime vacations have a different Place Congress hall in new jersey which was considered the summer white house. And then in the next century president truman had a winter white house in key west florida. He worked, he strolled on the beach, he played poker, he walked around the town and he came there 11 times. 175 days or six months of his lifedi there. I think that the ability to find another place to go from the primary place of work allow someone to find the refuge that lincoln did. Now we move from Abraham Lincoln to Teddy Roosevelt. No president had more sporting activities and president roosevelt. Late afternoon was a time for really active enterprise. It could be a boxing match, tennis, jujitsu, horseback ride, his enormous capacity for work was matched by an enormous capacity for play. He particularly loved taking friends on hikes. He made a simple rule, you had to move. 2. Ff you could not go around any obstacles. You came to iraqi had to go up. There were stories about these ridiculous walks he took. The best story was by the french ambassador. So excited onn his first walk with the president he came with this silk outfit on. He found himself in the woods hating every minute of this walk finally they came to the river and he thought thank god its over. Just to my horror i saw the president say its an obstacle, we canno go around it. Lets get undressed. He said i, too, for the honor france took off my apparel. I left on my lavender kid gloves it would be most embarrassing if we were to meet ladies on the other side. [laughter] all i could imagine was this idea of this french ambassador with nothing on but is lavender kid gloves. Mind another naked president John Quincy Adams. He evidently enjoyed skinny dipping in the potomac and theres a story thats told of a female reporter who found him one day when he a female reporter found him one day in the water and she yield she wouldnt let them come out in this is an exclusive interview andse promised to get dressed. N Teddy Roosevelt was able to relax wildly exporting activities in not only relaxation but simulation, roosevelt was able to find replenishment and that was by taking these train trips around the country he would get out of washington. He said he had to get out on these long train trips one lasted nine weeks and covered 24 states freed from the vexations of congress. He radiated delight as he was stopping the train stations along the way connecting to these huge crowds that had come to see him they would bring him bizarre gifts some of which are probably in the house a badger. Well, not that a lizard a horn toad two bears a silver loving cup capable of holding. Types of beer now, of course he had to meet with local officials on these train trips. He would make speeches along the way but he spent invigorating days at yellowstone at yosemite at the grand canyon finding solace as always in the beauty of the Natural World and then as the train would pull away from the station. He was stand there waving to people who had just come to the little strange stations along the way where he wasnt stopping the Railroad Crossings and they would wave back and he loved it. But theres one story thats told where hes waving frantically at a crowd and theyre not responding to him until hes told because it was nearsightedness his waving frantically had a herd of cows Little Wonder that they were not responding. So then for teddys successor William Howard taft as for many succeeding president s golf provided the greatest relaxation. Taft said the beauty of the game is you cannot play if it unless you permit yourself to think of nothing else as every man knows he said whos played the game it rejuvenates and restretches the span of life. And yet when he was running for president and teddy was acting as his Campaign Manager teddy told him in no uncertain tone terms you must stop playing golf while youre running for president the golf is a rich mans game a dudes game the working class isnt going to like you at the very least never permit yourself to be photographed on the golf course he countered but its a great form of exercise in my neverending quest to lose weight, but teddy remained adamant, so but once the election was won taft was so glad to return to his favorite form of relaxation. It was said that his love for the game created a golfing boom in the nation at large. Well that love for the game. Ive discovered was shared by wilson who said it put oxygen into his heart by hearting by nixon by trump and by eisenhower, theres a story that i said howard was so serious about golf that he asked the Augusta National to remove a tall pine tree on the 17th hole because it thwarted his own long drives they refused his request but ever since the tree has been known as the eisenhower pine tree and one can see it on the Augusta National course. But then theres another story about golf that my husband tells my late husband was working for john kennedy in the campaign in 18 19 in 1860 in 1960, and he they won the election. He became a young white house aide to john kennedy and not long after the inauguration. Kennedy called him into the office and he said look at this. Theres a series of small indentations on the floor here of the oval office. What do you think . They are and my husband said, could it be some security devices . Could it be some microphones implanted by Jay Edgar Hoover . No kennedy grind. Its from ikes golf shoes. You see he would put them on at his desk and then he would walk outside to practice his putting on a new putting green that he had put outside on the south lawn. Well, jfk said, i guess we all have our own ways of relaxing from the burdens of office. At least i wont leave any marks on the floor. I wouldnt even tell you where that one goes. But anyway, lets return to taft. For he found in my beloved baseball another means of relaxation. It was taft to in 1910 at a washington senators game throughout the first ball and that became a thing that president s do legend also taps calves credit with the seventh evening stretch as the story is told the six foot two 300 pound president grew increasingly uncomfortable in the small wooden chairs. So by the seventh inning he stood to stretch his legs then his fellow spectators decided that they saw him rising and theyd follow his lead as a matter of respect for the presidency. Thus the tradition of the seventh ending stretch was started. While following in taft splits following the footsteps providing relaxation and consider baseball number one fan when nixon and reagan to announce in korea for bush 43 so go from baseball in sports and storytelling to the theater and fdr. Some of my favorite stories relaxation. This started when he was a child e world a protected space. That was all his own from his very loving but very overbearing mother all his life he would spend time arranging and rearranging his stamp collection. It provided a meditative space in which he could concentrate and focus. Theres a wonderful story of a visit from churchill to roosevelt during World War Two and he recalled sitting by the president s side for two hours as the president was just simply putting his stamps in a place for getting the cares of the world until finally a dispatch came in the both of them had to turn their attention to the world war at large, but he said he just found enormous comfort in watching that roosevelt would switch himself from those terr. Precious to Something Like a stamp collection and then there was also his love of poker a love that was shared by truman and eisenhower fdr relished the psychological aspects of the game as i suspect all of them did and he took particular pleasure in paying by check when he lost because he figured that the person who he lost to would want to keep the check as a souvenir so he would never ca keep the check as a souvenir so they would never cash it but the great story was his custom every year when the speaker of the house was about call when congress would adjourn he would like a poker game and congress was a journey who was was ahead when the gates of the treasury and Enterprise Way behind when the speaker of the household he pretends it somebody else on the line andpo say were in the mide of the game will call back so finally midnight he called him back. And the next morning they were ahead and at 9 00 a. M. There were so angry until fdr convince them it was all in fun. Sharon of cleveland who wrote coolidge and eisenhower and julian bush 43. Once again the story i love for fdr. A longstanding fight between two of fdrs about how to scan billions in the project and a progressive businessman it was better to spend the project and create infrastructure like Laguardia Airport and they are redoing it afterwards and it took time to develop the people were getting to work immediately. She thought you just needed to get to work, whatever. Schools, libraries, painting murals and they would argue about it and fdr was okay until it went into the press. Finally he said hes producing nothing, longterm projects of what we need. He said people dont eat in the long term, they eat every day and started arguing with each other so fdr decided i better talk them into a long trip. It would to the panama canal with three week and would have martinis overnight and played poker and finally he said they buried in the sea. They promised they wouldnt fight them yet so they have made that possible and another ten day fishing trip in 1940 you have to send us weapons. He came up while he was on that fishing trip and had to be away from washington, again a lesson for all of us. Then there were women of course after losing his t ability to wk with polio, he had a pool donated for him and made it to the white house and would swim in thehe pool to strengthen muscles in his arms and shoulders and stomach and lower back and after the election to put together to create a pool which leads me to another story about another president. Like John Quincy Adams he like to swim naked in the pool, my husband learned after he left kennedy after kennedy died he joined staff and a few weeks later he was called and said he wants to see ushe in the pool so my husband said i dont have a bathing suit, he said its not needed so they quickly undress themselves and get inch and he does it relax, just talks the entire time and my husband said he was like a polar bear and down the pool. Come on, it will do you good so they get in but it wasnt for relaxation, he talked about all the bills he wanted to pass in congress. The entire time he outlined in march and april of 1964, the speech from which the rudimentary talks c about Voting Rights ined medicare and right o educationut and put together a program he said, we need task force in the speech so in the pool naked lbj outlined what would become the great society. When nixon came to the white house he took out the pool and put in a bowling l. A. Which you preferred and finally back to the swimming pool. Back to only stories about president s relaxing, my favorite story. Or a Cocktail Party every night and the rule was he could not talk about the war. You could talk about books youbo read, movies you seen as long as the war didnt come up, those were precious hours he could relax and not think about the war. After a while t this was so important he w wanted to be as a Cocktail Party on the second floor so is the most exclusive president ial hotel you could possibly imagine. It happened as Hillary Clinton was listing so she called me up dinner and president with the map and hand figured out yes, Chelsea Clinton is sleeping where hopkins was in the clintons are sleeping where fdr was and we were given that night Winston Churchills bedroom, there was no way i could think. I was very new in the corner sipping brandy and smoking a cigar. That was the scene of my favorite story in world war ii when churchill came there right after pearl harbor. She is the associated nation and the powers and no one liked the word associated nation so awakened to the new idea of calling the United Nations and was so excited he came into churchillshe bedroom to tell te news but it so happened he is coming out of the bathtub and had nothing on so he said im sorry, ill come back but he was never able to speak in a formal voice saying please day. Prime minister has nothing to hide from the president of the united o states. Can you imagine you have the ability in the moment . Stole the idea of United Nations British Literature for the United Nations were used so the next morning i couldnt go in the bathtub and truly felt i am in the presence of his past but still despite cocktail hours there were times when it proved impossible. Lincoln had two rituals on troubling days will go over for soldiers before bedtime and he found an excuse for saving the soldiers life and had fallen asleep and run away from battle and could go to bed happy knowing he given the soldier a Second Chance to redeem himself knowing how joyous it would make his family and friends somehow allowing someone else to live help them think about those that had died and still unable to sleep we go into the room where his aides went and he would read aloud from shakespeares comedies and they would fall asleep and returned to his own bed and passages would be in his bed rather than the news of the day. His own ritual with great tension. He closed his eyes and imagine as a boy standing at the top of the f hill that stretched out below the hudson river. What accelerate, help and get to the bottom and take it up and go over and over again in his mind and i am doing the knowledge that he would never climb the hill forever walk on his own power again and thats the president of the united states. To bring this to the modern day of two years ago i was interviewing a ceo of an Important Company in the world and telling him stories about how my president fell asleep so i said what do you do in tough times . Grinned and said i take an ambien so thats the modernday but in closing, let me take you back to where i began the tommy to baseball games so he went to new york during the we were huge brooklyn dodgers fans and i could record for him but i have done every play of everything and he listened and i loved him so much it made me feel this is magic about history even if its only four or five m hours old. He may be understood the narrative because at first i would be so excited andon blurt out, the dodgers won or lost which was the drama of this to our telling from beginning to middle to end and made it more special and this was described in great detail so that he wouldnt even know whatt happened. Her father died of a sudden heart attack in my 20s before i got married and had my sons, his baseball and members of my father onto my voice so when they abandoned us and couldnt follow baseball anymore until i went to harvards and so reminiscent of the brooklyn dodgers almost always winning but losing at the end and a red soxx fan over 35 years and i mut say there were so many times that the ballpark i could imagine myself talking with my father and watching the players and Jackie Robinson and there is magic in these moments and i see loyalty and love and never had a chance to see his heart and soul theyve come to know the story which in the end is why i love this period of history allowing me to spend a lifetime looking back into the past allowing me to believe private people we have in our families and public figures we respected in history like president s we are honoring today we can live on so long as we pledge to tell and retell stories of their lives. Thank you for letting me share these stories and this time. Thank you very much. [applause] [applause] we are being filled by cspan and getting a commission on cspans so i dont want to complain. Thank you so much for doing this. The 13yearold girl who run into justin bieber, really. [laughter] im very proud. I think a 13yearold. Anyway. In the introduction of your book at that time to a writing is this. You feel we are molting right now and what is a good time of multi next . Of the 20th century. I think in many ways echoes today more than any other time. We had the Industrial Revolution that had shaken up the economy much like technological revolution and globalization have today. We had a country that for the first time had a gap between the rich and the poor we had people in the country who felt suspicious of people in the city we had immigration coming that made people feel a nostalgia for an earlier way of life. All the technological advances had made people scared about the pace of life changing. It was moving from a country that had been mostly a farm country into a country. That was an industrialized country and i think now were in a state where our country is changing and similar ways and the one thing that theater roosevelt warned against that i think is so relevant today is that he was afraid that if people in different sections or regions or parties began thinking of each other as the other that thats when democracy would be apparel rather than as common american citizens and that was it peril at the turn of the 20th century. There really was a feeling that democracy was at risk. They were anarchists bombings in the streets when you know from they were in the street from president cleveland as well in the 1890s an adjustment the country was moving in a different direction which i think we are now and there are people whoe dont want to move n that direction and somehow we got to figure outg a way to get people to feel the common sense of identity again. Somehow not feeling a relationship o in different pars thing i dotry, one like to see a National Service program the Younger Generation comes out of high school and they have a year or two ago to america, the city of the country in the military service creates that common sense of identity and join the army after 9 11 and graduate harvard and said that experience he earned a star and went to afghanistan and he was able to build people together. We need to do that in this country and thats what i meant, a long answer to your question is. You mentioned the idea there you are. You mentioned the idea and talk of president s relaxing and today it is frowned upon, to go to the beach, id wondered if tht was a concern in the world where there was noth media and somethg they gave thought to. I think no space partly people would go away from congress all summer long with no air conditioning, it was acceptable. I think roosevelt went to fdr and a certain tolerance times when you needed to be away from washington. I dont have much patience for people who complain that they spent time away. Its such that they need to do so and we have to give them slack when they do and people did criticize him but most of them some of that but i think there were less than today because peopleod understood the has to be time away and it worked pretty hard and you bring work everywhere, is not like it goes away. You would never leave your work behind you. N not a healthy thing. About the great compromise of and a group of historians to come talk about what advice we get from president s in the past, something president obama had done and arranged a series of dinners where we would give advice on whatever he was talking about at the moment and thats when we came just up we came with both mind. He in the fireside chat and importance of somehow being able to connect public because as lincoln said public sentiment is everything and anything is possible without it nothing is possible. In the way you talk to public and roosevelt understood only gave 35 times a year. She two or three year if they become a team they will you lose their effectiveness. Ob you dont know the distinction between the important speech. The perception of the senate that was different and they spent time in washington together and work running home as they do now. And changet that part of the world to make it the world it is today. Something has to break in washington that makes people unable to get along. The house got to be compromises and most important issues where an overwhelming majority of people cant get through. She 100 million vaccines of the time when the promised 100 days and the Delta Variant came in afghanistan came in and ability of the democrats to come together on the issues and inflation has come and any other president with a long period of time without the country being together. It is really hard time. I think in my own lifetime the most difficultnt time and even historically but we still have to remember it was what we came through before and weve got to believe the country can do it again. [laughter] in retrospect, did lbj regret accelerating involvement . Its interesting last year we talked about the war, hard for him to acknowledge it had been a mistake. If you acknowledge that you are acknowledging what it is so it becomes hard to do that. Theres no question in those last years he wanted to remember the times in his life they were happy for him and with the Youth Administration in rural texas when he passed the Voting Rights bill and was hoping history would remember the war so present in those last days, he was sad knowing the legacy held out hope they would remember she and history is reporting that and each one comes out and they go higher on the polls and what he was able to do, when he came in to the presidency jfk on civil rights was stuck. There was no hope they would get through congress and made the First Priority to pass that the and said you cant do this, youre going to fail and you have to go before the public and have to run in you only got a certain amount of currency and you cant spend it on this and he said what is the presidency for . He with for civil rights and what he did was extraordinary and it was, he was able he brought every single congressman to the white house and lady bird would take him on a tour of the manchin and all of it midnight. And he understood he had to get the filibuster so he started and new minority leaders would bring in a h messy got 23 republicanso join the Democrat Party was split into so he started to promise anything and in those days there is no transparency. You want this, you could have anything you want but w finallye knows it to come with me on this bill and bring 22 republicans and bring the filibuster and Abraham Lincoln and how they can resist. And they were her h on the bride and argue for Voting Rights and they needed two years to be worked on. Shete the most incredible speech ino concord and alabama. Not a moral problem, no moral right to deny yourself, it is an american problem and weeks later the Voting Rights act passed. Like to leave and his children linda and lucy are going to be stored for what he did and Economic Opportunity and an extraordinary man, the most interesting man ever met and i like to believe history will record what he said and the great thing hes done and i will leave this last message because he had taped telephone conversations he had and if youve ever heard them the ark and the ceos you are a young girl some private controversial matter. Nothing more important than the typing system. [laughter] thereby Lyndon Johnson, thank you all very much. [applause] hes been to our an intellectual piece every saturday American History tv documents american stories and sunday book tv brings the latest in nonfictio books and authors. Funding for she said to from these Television Companies and more including charter communications. 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