Good morning. The rok u. S. Strategic forum will begin shortly. Please start taking your seats. We would like to welcome all of you to csis, but before we begin todays events i need to make a few brief security announcements. We feel very safe and secure in our building here at csis. In the very unlikely occasion of an emergency, we ask that you remain calm and follow any instructions and alarms that are made. Please also take a moment to look at the safety card on your tables and locate the nearest exit. Csis is very proud to cohost this Fourth Annual rok u. S. Strategic forum with the Korea Foundation. Thank you ambassador lee and welcome to our distinguished delegation from the Korea Foundation. On behalf of csis and the korea chair, i would also like to extend a very warm welcome and thank you to our sponsors, our silver level sponsor, the American Chamber of commerce in korea, our gold level sponsor, the Korean Chamber of commerce and industry and our special sponsor corestone. To begin todays events i would like to invite to the stage csis trustee and president of armitage international, Ambassador Richard armitage. Please join me in giving him a warm welcome. [ applause ] well, good morning. Good morning. I think weve got some fun planned for you today. Im rich armitage. Im a trustee here and standing in for our president dr. Jon hammer for this mornings festivities. Weve got a big day ahead of you, and as marie said, this is our fourth strategic forum. Were delighted to be with the korean foundation, and were delighted with the collaboration, and delighted to have them sailing alongside of us for this. And then tonight, of course, were going to have the commemoration of the tenth year of the korea chair. That will be a reception, a presentation, and then another excellent panel. So weve got three panels this afternoon. Youve got an excellent speech by congressman dr. Ami barra who will follow ambassador lees remarks, and i think we can promise you some real fun. Now, i cant prove this to you, but im thinking somethings going on. Let me see, our president gets a beautiful letter and kim 3. 0 gets an excellent letter. And our president also gets a birthday card or a letter from kim 3. 0, so it seemed osaka is coming up. President trumps going to going to seoul on the weekend and finally, xi jinping had a state visit to the dprk, so i think somethings afoot, but heres the rub. It looks to me like we are going to have step by step moves to denuclearization. The trick is how do you do that in a way that doesnt in some way fudge our equities with the republic of korea or with japan, so weve got to be very careful and approach this very carefully, and im sure that the three panelists this afternoon and our panel this evening will be addressing those issues and an awful lot more. So again, let me welcome you to csis with the warmest welcome to ambassador lee and korean foundation, and i think without fear of any contradiction, youre going to find it a pretty fulfilling day. And youll get lunch as well. So when is that ever wrong . So welcome. Thank you. [ applause ] thank you ambassador armitage. Please now welcome to the stage Korea Foundation president ambassador lee. [ applause ] what a change. I thought i was in beijing. It must be the color of celebration of tenth anniversary i guess. Not bad. I have blue ties but i like red colors also. Well, many familiar faces. Ambassador Richard Armitage thank you for your kind introduction and president john henry and congressman ami barra and mark lippard, i saw ambassador tom herbert here. Distinguished delegates, guests, ladies and gentlemen. Very good morning and welcome to the rok u. S. Strategic forum 2019. The fourth iteration of this annual forum cohosted by csis and the Career Foundation. Ill first and foremost on behalf of the Career Foundation, i would like to express my sincere gratitude to all of you for joining today, despite your busy schedules. My special thanks go to professor victor char and staff of career chair at the csis for their exceptional preparation for this event. Im also particularly glad that congressman ami barra chair of the Congressional Study group on korea has found time to share his views with us today. Im honored that i could receive him not once but twice in seoul recently. Ladies and gentlemen, the Career Foundation had organized forums in conjunction with other institution, institutes in washington, d. C. , for some years before launching the rok u. S. Strategic forum in 2016 in partnership with csis. In less than three years, we have successfully this event to serve as a dialogue channel between expert from the u. S. And korea allowing for discussion of critical matters that affect the common interests of both nations. Without a doubt, this forum stands head and shoulders above the more than a dozen similar events that Career Foundation annually presents in cooperation with its foreign partners. I have a personal attachment to this rok u. S. Strategic forum. In 2016 upon assuming as the president of the Career Foundation, i found csis to be the best partner with which to launch this event. It was not difficult to come to that conclusion considering the csis career chair was already well established at the time. I have since participated for four consecutive years, and it has always been my honor and privilege to have the opportunity to open the forum and welcome you. This ear marks the tenth anniversary of the csis career chairme chair. Congratulations. Through the establishment of the in 2009, csis has initiated indepth discussions and carried out important policy Research Related to career at every critical moment for the Korean Peninsula and northeast asia. For all this, my special thanks goad to president jon hammley as well as his step members and all of csis for their dedication and hard work in making this forum possible for the fourth time. Through csis and the Career Foundation strong partnership, the career chair will no doubt continue to play a significant role in fortifying the rok u. S. Alliance into the next decade and beyond. When the first rok u. S. Strategic forum took place in late 2016, maximum pressure and strategic patience were still almost the only policy options em employed by the u. S. Towards north korea. At the time i tried to convey a message to my american friends that the window of dialogue should be kept open to north korea while maintaining our basic partition. I believe that the pressure without dialogue was unlikely to change north koreas behavior. In september 2017, the rok u. S. Strategic forum was held during an exceptionally dramatic moment. Only two days before the scheduled date of our forum, north korea tested their sixth Nuclear Weapon, which they claimed was Hydrogen Bomb. It was too early for us to ensure felt tested Nuclear Weapon really a Hydrogen Bomb or really if the test had been successful. The current delegation tried to deliver a message that peace should be the top priority in any case and that it was time for the u. S. And rok to seriously engage north korea to stop their provocation, but for the Trump Administration, was still an option, and tensions between the u. S. And north korea escalated until the winter Olympic Games in february of the following year. In 2018, last year, the Career Foundation and csis agreed for our forum to be held in the wake of singapore summit no matter when it would take place. The summit was scheduled, canceled and finally revived. So was our meeting accordingly. We finally gathered a week after the singapore meeting. Assessment of the summit varied from person to person, but in my view it was hard to deny that at least the risk of physical conflict on the Korean Peninsula had been further reduced as a result of this meeting. Then came the hanoi summit, trump and kim was shot at the par addition of the u. S. Which was far tougher than what he had expected. Instead of slamming the door behind him, however, he kept it open for an additional round of talks. It is taking chairman kim several months to appraise the result of the meeting and to see his next move. In the meantime, he and President Trump have repeatedly confirmed their intentions of holding another round of meetings. According to media in seoul and beijing, chairman kim related to president xi jinping during his visit to pyongyang last week that he had made several positive measures throughout the year to ease tensions, but they did not seem to have been duly considered by the relevant country. While expressing his disappointment, he stressed that he would remain patient to solve the issues facing the peninsula, which is i think a good sign. While it is not yet clear if or when the third u. S. north korea summit will take place, President Trump keeps sending kind words to chairman kim, but also recently signed a document to renew u. S. Sanction measures against north korea. Still, expectations for a sustainable peace would remain high in seoul as a series of contacts between the leaders of the republic of korea, north korea, the u. S. And china have been made and planned. I suppose professional analysis will be provided by the panelists during the sessions today. There are many topics open to consideration including last weeks summit between china and north korea, planned summit between the u. S. And china in osaka and scheduled visit by President Trump to seoul. While in addition to monitoring interactions between the leaders of the region, it is interesting to note that president moon jay publicly sent a message to chairman kim during his recent visit to scandinavia. In his speech to the Swedish Parliament exactly ten days ago, he urged north korea that if sanction measures were to be lifted, the country would need to prove its genuine intentions for peace building. To this end he said continue the dialogues with members of the International Community for north korea are vital in building trust. President moon emphasized the importance of trust between the International Community and north korea as well as trust between south and north korea and trust in the value of dialogue itself. Well, ladies and gentlemen, the path to complete denuclearization and peace on the Korean Peninsula is never an easy one. Some of you may say it is an impossible job, but koreans believe these goals can be and should be achieved with the determination to stride forward unwaveringly and to overcome the obstacles ahead. Ultimately there is no alternative for koreans both south and north to live in peace. I believe koreans have learned enough lessons from previously missed opportunities to achieve these goals. The dialogue between the u. S. And north korea at the highest level is history of opportunity never seen before and may not come again if it fails this time. Korean dialogues and reconciliation measures cannot be sustainable unless the u. S. , north korea relations sets l tl a peaceful manner, no matter how limited role are and president moon may have to mediate, facilitate or expedite the dialogue between the u. S. And north korea, it will not be spared. Before closing, i would like to once more express my gratitude to csis for their efforts in preparing this conference and to all participants from both sides who participants from all sides. Thank you very much. [ applause ] thank you ambassador lee. For our keynote conversation and address i would now like you to join me in welcoming ambassador mark lippert and u. S. Congressman of california. Please join me in welcoming them. [ applause ] thats what the plan was. Okay. So, i thought i would open with a few remarks then we would get straight into conversation. Can you guys hear . Mic on . Ill just stand and do what i did as a College Professor. One. Of the Dangerous Things is when youre in a room of folks that are smarter than you and have more knowledge on the subject matter, we got to be really careful. So i thought i would give you the congressional perspective of how were looking at the Korean Peninsula and looking at long term Strategic Decisions because when youre talking about congress you set the bar kind of low and then well exceed it. So, i think a couple of thing. First off, i do want to thank csis and the Career Foundation for pulling this together, but also for your exceptional work in creating a body of balance that we use on congress but also being a resource for those of us on the hill. So thank you for that work and that sustained effort. Let me touch on a couple of areas. One, you know i do have the privilege of being the cochair, the democratic cochair on the Congressional Study group for korea. Now we have four study groups in congress. Japan, germany, europe and korea is the fourth study group. Folks have said well why korea . And the reason why i think we form this fourth study group is because when we think about the peninsula and we think about that path forward we know its going to take a long term sustained level of engagement. And the reason why i think that is so important from the congressional perspective is when you think about a United States president , youre thinking about four years or eight years. When youre thinking about a korean president youre thinking about a five year one term. And if were to take a realistic view of finding piece on the peninsula, it wont happen in four or eight years or a single five year term. It will require the long term strategic engagement, the long term goal and a study group and again thank to you the Career Foundation for being an integral part of helping us form the study group. I want allows members of congress in a sustained way to get to know their counter parts in the korean parliament, in the assembly. And build those long term relationships as well as the leaders. For me this is my seventh year in congress, my fourth term. It is conceivable ill be there for a while. And, you know, the best piece of advice i received when i first got elected to congress is you cant know everything and know every region of the world but find a few key areas where you can do a deep dive and become expert and build those relationships. And, you know, when i think about the peninsula, were thinking about long term. The ultimate goal is peace on the planet and on denuclearization. It wont happen by the end of the Trump Administration or the end of the Moon Administration. But its conceivable that a decade from now, a decade and a half from now, youve achieved that goal. Thats where congress is really important and thats where the study group i think gives us a vehicle by which we take members of congress of korea as well as welcomed members of the Korean Department to the United States and build those relationships. Thats one long term sustained engagement. A second piece is lets be realistic here. I dont think any of us sees as immediate next step chairman kim say im going to get rid of all my Nuclear Weapons. I also dont see as an immediate next step President Trump saying were going to lift all sanctions. But can we frame a long term goal of that is the long term outcome, the long term goal. Its going to take multiple steps to get there. What is that first immediate next step that starts to build a little bit of trust, a little bit of goodwill, because if we think about posthanoi, i dont believe we can have a third summit dialogue between the United States and north korea and walk away without some sort of victory. So that could be a small victory, that could be a small first step. But failure in having another hanoilike collapse i think would actually put the dialogue in a deep freeze and really, you know, maybe not permanently damage the relationship but probably set the relationship and dialogue back for several years, probably until the next administration. So, you know, that would be the second thing. Lets not focus on the end goal. Lets agree on what that end goal is and victor and i have had a privilege of writing an oped and laying this out in the korean press. Lets think what that first step is to get at least some forward momentum. A third piece is when we think about President Trump and chairman kim, the dialogue gets complicated because in most of these dialogues you would have folks at the staff level working out most of the agreement, getting to 95 of the greechagr and then the principals would gather together. With chairman kim, President Trump we have two folks who want to be negotiators. That adds an element, you know. On our side we have to have that sustained engagement from the satisfy level, from our special envoy, et cetera. And thats the level of complexity on the north korean side who is empowered to speak for chairman kim and lay things out and youre seeing some of that turn over in their negotiating team. But that has to be a prerequisite at the staff level guesting close to a place where if we go into a third dialogue there arent going to be any surprises and both the principals, President Trump and chairman kim can come away with that victory. That would leave a third piece that were looking at here. And then the fourth piece pertains not so much just to the northsouth dialogue but to the regional politics and the fourth piece were thinking a lot about is, you know, our two close allies in the region. Korea and japan. And i was just there five, six weeks ago and i would that relationship, from my perspective, of at a low point. And at one of the low points that ive seen in my time in congress. And we have to think about how do we get these two key strategic allies on the same page with us so as we look at this long term sustained engagement, were all speak with one voice. Thats a little bit of how were thinking about this from the congressional side. Were encouraging the Trump Administration to take a bigger role in trying to find a path forward with japan and korea, but this is also a place where congress has a role in trying to figure out how we smooth that relationship, we bring it to a better place than it is right now. So i will stop with that. [ applause ] and mark has promised to keep it easy for me. What we might need to do is bring out the bassett hound to help this bassett hound diplomacy. About 150 characters on twitter, anyway. Thanks for the great opening. I can definitely tell you, your College Professor roots. You know the issues well. You have a great lexicon and thank you for your engagement and many, many trips to the region. You make the point about having worked as a staff member in congress, you make the point about congress being there for the long game. What i would add humbly it takes strong engagement from congress and your leadership there should be commended. So thank you. Maybe just one to start, one follow up on your very good oped with victor a small deal with a big deal. You out lined at the top. You say libya style deal isnt feasible. You then basically say in the first instance we should get a deal on the goal. Right . D disarmament for sanctions relief and then take tangible steps in trying to generate momentum. The North Koreans give up some part of their program. Thats the crux of it. To follow up a little bit how youre thinking in congress to get the two sides to start this process that you outlined. I think the next real tangible step and i shared this with my counterparts in korea this is time for the republic, president moon to step in and continue a dialogue and keep that going. You know, outside of the pl platitudes that President Trump and chairman kim have been sharing my sense is the there is not a conversation taking place right now between the United States and north korea. In the short term this is where the South Koreans with step up and try to keep that some dialogue going. I think timing is of the essence because i dont think we can go past tends of this calendar year without having a third dialogue if well have a third dialogue. Our politics get too complicated going into an election year. But the republic also will be entering an election cycle fairly shortly as well, so i think the korean politics also have gotten complicated. Given that time frame, thats six months and i think to jump start this and start moving it forward to at least get the conversation started again i think this is a place where the Moon Administration can really take the lead and be helpful. So let me pick up on a thread you just identified in your last answer very interesting one that it get a lot of questions about in terms of u. S. Domestic politics, and elections starting kind of heightened and sharpen those question, right . You get them a lot. How much of a factor is north korea policy in your calculation just either on the president ial race or the congressional side, how many, you know, people ask you in your district, you know, down in suspend politics and then just about south korea and the alliance and all of that. How does the can you expand a little bit on the political side as well . Most of the American Public probably doesnt spend a lot of time thinking about American Foreign policy and i think that certainly is a shame. I think the time they think about it when were on the brink of war or engaged in war. Two years ago you saw a lot more about the korean principle when you were having the fire and fury rhetoric. Thats dropped off a bit. So, it falls to us members of congress. My constituents when i do my town halls they are not asking me about that. They are yelling at me about impeachment and other things. So it falls to me to explain to them why this is so important, why American Leadership abroad is essential in the context that we think about American Leadership in the postworld war ii environment. What we accomplished was remarkable. Right . That 70 years is an anomaly when you think of world history, constant on flicts between great powers. The fact we won the cold war without having to engage in a kinetic conflict is powerful. Thats what makes america a remarkable nation. We cant withdraw. What we did on the Korean Peninsula, stepping up to protect south korea remarkable. It may be different in the next several years but the world needs an american engagement and that American Leadership with our values and people get that. And i think as we go into this president ial cycle, this is going to be about domestic political issues, right . If you think about the folks on the democratic side you dont have an announcement here today, do you . Im not running. I was just making sure. So, its important, though, that we dont withdraw unto ourselves and we continue to be there and the world needs us. Let me follow up on that thread in terms of leadership, Congress Role and you mentioned values. One of the areas in which congress has led traditionally is in the area of human rights. Started the bureau over at the state department that covers this. It produced a staff member, the great staff member who became ambassador on human rights bob king who is in the audience today. How should we be thinking in your oped you talk about denuclearization, you talk about that process horsepower how should we be thinking about north korea human rights in that context . If we want to be the world leader on human rights, we have to keep some of the tragic history of human rights and north korea in mind. I dont think that can be our starting point of negotiation. Im a believer in if you help Economic Development, if you help build an economy, you then start to address some of those human rights issues, and if im thinking about this from chairman kims perspective, you know, the art of dialogue and art of negotiation, you know, kind of using those principles, you have to look at the world from your adversary, or your opponents perspective and if im looking at it from his perspective hes accomplished his Nuclear Capabilities, right now. And i think hes shifting towards economic piece of it. I think thats the carrot that we have of a decade, two decades from now we want to find piece on finances. Well have to engaging Economic Development and i think the South Koreans get that as well. While were this is a roundabout way of apsing yo ianr question. While were doing that we have to make sure were not losing sight of the humanitarian piece of this where its not that the spoils are just going a small handful of folks in north korea, if were engaging in Economic Development rather how do we bring these masses along with them. Absolutely. We are in a think tank. So roundabout answers are perfectly acceptable here. I think thats an excellent response. Let me ask you just about one thread that you just mentioned. Its the Economic Development piece. Right . And how should we be thinking about north korea and Economic Development . You have this kind of classic argument of hey if we engage we the reopen some of the interkorean projects. That might help bring progress to the values debate that youre talking about inside north korea. Others argue that we really need to maintain sanctions, hold the line firmly, really press the North Koreans on human rights issue but also bring this into the negotiations. How do we think about Economic Development as a catalyst for change and or, you know, an instrument for pushing, going pushing North Koreans on the denuclear front . The sanctions have worked, right . They have been inviting sanctions, some of the secondary sanctions. Goal of sanctions will never be that north korea will give up their Nuclear Capabilities. Just from my perspective and i think we would be kidding ourselves if we thought, okay, at some point they are just going to lay down their Nuclear Capabilities. But the sanctions have been effective in getting them to the table. A little bit. Again, if we take kim at his word, he does want to shift towards addressing the economy in north korea. Yet we know they got a lot of Natural Resources that we just have to look at the southern part of the peninsula and look at where the republic of korea was in 1970 and where they are today to understand whats possible. We also, this is where we have to take the long view. So i do think, you know, and im speak being for myself here, that, you know, if theres a credible first or second step to destroy some of the nuclear assets, you know, opening some of these joint projects potentially starts to send the right message. Again, we would be at a different place if north korea hadnt already obtained Nuclear Capabilities but they already have and, again if were taking a decade, two decades view here i think you got to take those baby steps and, you know, again , this is where the republic of north korea will have a huge role. Well have a role if we want to see that vision of some sort of economy in north korea, and some sort of engagement with the rest of the world. But a large part of that responsibility is going fall to south korea. And you mentioned sanctions and this gets to a little bit the news of the day. Just in terms of linkages or global examples of other programs or issues around sanctions and Nuclear Weapons, iran, right . Tern issue, you have dealt with that in congress. You got the north korea issue. You know, what do you say to either constituents or people in korea or around the world who want to compare and contrast between two cases and or the messages that were sending with our actions towards iran to the North Koreans and vice versa . I think we did whether you like the jcpra, the Iran Nuclear Deal or didnt like it, i think we did irreparable damage to our ability by reaching a negotiation by one administration inking a deal and the other administration pulling out of the deal. If youre chairman kim sitting in north korea you have to Pay Attention to that. You say okay if we agree to something, a new president comes in and they may toss it out. Our word has to mean something. Again, this is where congress is so important because, again, congress is going to be here for the long haul and why, if i were to give the Trump Administration a piece of advice and i have lots of advice, but if were dealing with iran involve congress in this decision and lets not make this partisan issue, lets make it an issue of american interest. So one is, you know, what happened with the jcpao. I think thats something that ties into a parallel in how we move forward with north korea. You know, a second piece is theres were trying to prevent iran from getting Nuclear Weapons. We know north korea already has Nuclear Weapons. And lets learn from decades of negotiations with north korea and think about how we approach that. I think all of us agree that a Nuclear Armed iran would be a very dangerous precedent and set off a Nuclear Arms Race in the middle east in a very unstable region. Are there lessons we can learn from the history of negotiations with north korea that we can take into the hope is that we start a dialogue with iran as well or restart a dialogue. So, i think those are two things. I mean the third is when were thinking about the middle east, you know, ive already talked about the Korean Peninsula, we have to take a long view, long, sustained engagement. With the middle east it will be a longer more sustained level of engagement and this is again, where, what was the beauty of the cold war is it maybe changed a little bit on the margins from one administration to the next but there was a strategy, there was a bipartisan strategy, congress was engaged and it was a long term level of sustained engagement. I think we have to take both these regions in both a similar way and we dont have to do this by ourselves and we would be foolish if i thought we could engaging both of these regions by ourselves and we really should engage our allies in both of these regions. We also should not be afraid to bring our adversaries in. Theres not a long Term Solution on the Korean Peninsula that wont involve the chinese or russians and we have to think what that level of engagement is like. Lets use your comments very artful comments on the long game to pivot to the alliance, the us rx o alliance. Im guilty as moderator the thing i hated as ambassador i would be in my office in seoul, i would have guests from out of town, we would be sitting in seoul talking about south korea and i get 75 questions about north korea. Right. I said there is this other piece in which you are sitting which is a global example of success, great example of the u. S. And korea playing the long game together. So youve been in the region relatively recently. Whats your sense is where the us rrcu sru usrko alliance is. The south koreaUnited States state is still strong. When i was there at the end of april conversation around section 232 was very real and some of the concerns the koreans in many ways feel we negotiated, we tried to meet you with good faith and, you know, why are you including one of your close allies in the steel and tariff, steel and aluminum tariff conversation. I think thats so very real. I thats important in your relationship. You know, certainly a number in congress think these trading relationships are hugely beneficial not just to the republic of korea but to the United States. We have to figure out that path forward. Were happy to see the administration back off on the 232 with mexico and canada, but i think we would encourage the administration not to, to back off on the koreans as well. These are our friends and our economies are in decline. But of course has been good for both countries. Let me ask you, you touched on trade. Another key element that the congress has oversight on and was integrally involved in is spending. That leads to burden sharing conversation. The sma, special measures agreement. When he a long negotiation last year if you believe the press korean side was ready to go up in terms of its burden sharing. What role do you think congress has in this one, and then two, where do you think we should end up on this burden sharing agreement, and well hear more from general brooks later today on this. Were just really previewing the littler panel here. Look, i dont think the president is wrong to say that we should have some level of burden sharing and partnership and i think the koreans have done an admirable job trying to address that without putting an actual number on what that looks like. I also think that we can move the goal post. We have to be conscious of korean domestic politics as well in the larger realm. I think it is in our interest to maintain authenticity, our interest to maintain our troop levels there. You touched on an earlier issue of domestic politics and you do hear the u. S. Voting public sometimes say why do we have all these troops around the world. Again, it is important for us as members of congress to say, yes, were there to protect the Korean Peninsula but were there to protect the United States interest in the region and if were not there, it may be a lot worse. And a lot more costly. In that scenario where we at times have disagreement with the administration. Many of us in congress were very worried that President Trump may have reduced the troop presence on the peninsula which is why you see my colleague and others put in provisions that, you know, try to put a stop if the president drops below a certain number and i think it was 22,000. I think that is not a democratic or republican issue. We in congress believe its important for us to maintain that presence. Not with standing some comments here and there from constituents asking legitimate questions about u. S. Troop presence overseas, not limited to korea, your point is in congress by and large, broad bipartisan support for troops in korea and an understanding of the value of the alliance. Very much so. We think its beneficial, obviously to maintain piece on the peninsula but we have lots of interest in the region and that troop presence is incredibly important. Were getting down to the end here. One or two more questions. One is this gets to Alliance Equities and often what you hear from the korean public at times is, you know, people talk koreans themselves will talk about korea as the shrimp between the whales. I equitable with that. They are a top 15 economy. One of the worlds most capable military. Bts is on the verge of taking over the world culturally. How should the koreans think about this issue, you know, not to put yourself as a korean, but if you were getting that question and you said well we feel caught, we felt caught on the ation infrastructure and now caught on u. S. And china on trade and huawei. Whats your response . So, i dont think the republic is the shrimp between two whales because they are one of the worlds leading economies, one of the most innovative economies in the world and our close friends. Land mass they may be smaller than america or china, but they certainly are punching their weight class. We have to think of korea as a partner in how we engage not just in tisshe issue of china o regional politics and we had these conversations. How we partner with the koreans to help solve some of the worlds challenges. They are starting, to you know, become a donor nation and their aid and Development Work around the world is sending resources to tragedies that happen and disasters around the world and in the 21st century we should look for ways we par near together. Countries that share similar values, democracy, free markets. You know, just the valve human rights and dignities, and in this century i think its not the United States going alone, its the United States with its partners and i use that term partner because we have to be in this together. Its not the u. S. Dictating what korea ought to do. Its coming together and have conversations to solve mutual challenges. Getting back to the crux of your question, i dont think korea will have a Major Trading relationship with china. You know, korea will have a Major Trading relationship with japan. And we shouldnt be thinking of korea as an either or. I mean we saw, you know, in many ways we saw how china responded when we placed bad batteries the there. That to me is not what a major nation does, if they want that partnership. So, you know, i dont i think if we think about this 21st century trading relationship when we think about china whether its china, korea or even india its not either or and for you its not either or either. So the closer we work our allies that share similar values the better off we are and more likely well get the outcomes we want. Thanks, congressman. Let me ask in the few minutes we have left. Two pretty quick responses. I have two last questions. The first is, first, you know, to pick up on your thread about how we Work Together in a more pop and inclusive relationship, one of the areas that it often proposed was deeper cooperation on science, technology, space, global health. You bring a decades long experience in science and immediate sfr medic medical background. Is this an why where we should be working with the South Koreans . Absolutely. Whether solving Climate Change in the realm of space, our goal is to get human travel to mars and beyond. We wont do this by ourselves. These are things we have to be working with the best around the world, and, you know, weve seen the remarkable innovations that come out of the republic of korea and we should have that partnership and this should be a multilateral type of relationship. Again, Climate Change doesnt just affect the United States, it affects all of us if we want to get to mars or if we want to solve, you know, food and water and security around the world will take a global effort. Were out of time. Thanks for that. Answer is fantastic, music to my ears. To get off the stage, youre wanted back in congress. I want to say this. I know you rate Northern California district but you have some Southern California roots and you have some credibility on commenting on Southern California. Theres a big split in Northern California and Southern California. Im identified as a Northern California but you have equities in both. Any thoughts on the season that l. A. Dodgers pitcher ryu is having . An amazing season. 91. It is remarkable. I cant say that when im back in the district, but my dads first job was as an usher at the coliseum when they first moved out from billion. So i grew up a dodger fan. Dodger fan. Dodger, korea all coming together for you. Thats how well find peace. Through baseball, kpop. True. Big believer in the cultural interest on fomenting peace and security. Thank you. I wont say go dodgers but ill say heres to any and all good things koreans do in the state of california and especially in your congressional district. Thanks again, congressman. [ applause ] thank you, ambassador and congressman berra for a wonderful session. We would like to invite our guests to join us for a lunch reception being served now in the reception area. We will reconvene todays session at 12 30. So please enjoy your lunch and you can start make being your way to the reception area now. Thank you. This day long forum on korea at csis taking a lunch break. Were expecting this conversation to continue at about 12 30 eastern. Well hear from victor cha a information Bush Administration official who handled north korea policy. You can see that live again starting at 12 30 eastern here on cspan 3. Right now russian president putin puts annual call in program from moscow. He answers a series of questions