Early years of the american conservative movement. So, this brings us to the 1970s and the topic is the industrialization. Were taking up our lecture in 1970, but we will take this all the way through really the 1980s. So, the development to talk about werent sudden. They unfolded very slowly and i will explain what. You tohat, i want reflect on a question that i am going to give you. Do not raise your hands yet. Because i want you to think about it. The American Dream. Define that . O find i want you think about your grandparents generations. Your parents generation. And your generation. I want you to think about the standard of living enjoyed by these generations and your family. Consummate to give me a definition of the American Dream . Carla . , like,g successful and getting married, maybe . Having kids and being able to provide for your family. Prof. Nickerson yes, that is the American Dream for a lot of people. How else to people think about the American Dream . Alexia . For an increment family both my parents were immigrants, they value my education. Getting educated and getting a good job. Taking care of myself. Prof. Nickerson right. So, the American Dream is about. Eing prosperous, successful the other thing is how the American Dream is an mention to 24 over generation. Parents came to the u. S. Because they wanted to create opportunities for their children. The other is the American Dream relies on equality that everyone in this country who lives here has access the American Dream. On yourlecting grandparents and your parents, how would you respond to that question . With a show of hands, how many peoples parents lived, in your judgment, a better lives in your ration . Rents gene ok, thats interesting. How many of you think you will live a standard of living better than your parents . Ok. Really, it begs the question, what is the standard of living . I get it. Ek, reflecting on that, wer going to move on to talk about what happened to the u. S. Economy. I development in u. S. Political economy after the 1960s. Aseriod we refer to deindustrialization. That jobsmeans is started moving. American capital started new being from the places where it had been established over the course of the 20th century. That, couldd somebody tell me what was it about the United States between 1970 that made people prosper . What happened . Dreamueled this american that helps your parents generation to live better in your grandparents generation . Bill unable to people to go to college and get educated. That area being prosperous. Prof. Nickerson right, the g. I. Bill created education art opportunities. What else happened . Yes, can you wait a second . Ok. The new deal following world war ii and the new things following. Helping people be a lot more hopeful. Prof. Nickerson we had social security. Giani . At this point, after world war ii, america has the economic ability to support people. Most of europe was destroyed at this point. So complex was growing america is head of mind. The unitedrson states become the creditor of the world. The Financial System was so robust. And we are becoming a med fashion powerhouse to this was when we tell the development of u. S. Aerospace. The automobile industry. Very prosperous because of heavy industry essentially. Change whats going to once we get to 1970. Because of menu manufacturers decide that in order to maximize profit, they need to leave the places where they had built their plants. Likes like detroit, pittsburgh. Gary, indiana. Exactly. I have told you about this place for. Camden, new jersey, where i was born. The camden of the 1950s. This is when my father was growing up there. It was doing very well. Interesting workingclass city where you lived in candid, you are not rich. You typically liftin two, three flats. You worked in the shipyard or rca. For fewer my grandmother, you were waitressing. This is candid by 1980. When i was growin when i was growing up in the suburbs. We would take trains into philadelphia. Nobody would get off the train in camden if you are from an outer suburb. You would go over canton and this is what you would see out the window. It looked like dresden after the war and it continues to look that way today. It is because companies that were so important to the economy in the 1950s campbells soup, rca records. They took their plants out of camden and moved to the American South and southwest. The decline that we see is in a place we call the rust belt, this section of the u. S. Which tends to be in the northeast, into the midwest. Chicago is in the rust belt but it has not suffered like other cities. Does anybody know why . What is it about chicago that helps keep this city alive . Diverse yous a very got away. Even the manufacturing was very important and there is still manufacturing here but, some of stockyardries the closed butnters chicago had many other things going on. Belt andleave the rust the first place to go in the 1970s is to the sunbelt. The sunbelt is a region of the u. S. , it is really a Political Economic idea. The idea that metropolitan houston,ike dallas, charlotte, north carolina, phoenix they become the place that manufacturing finds their home. Why would businesses leave the rust belt as became known and go to the sunbelt. Economicf an incentive. Last week, excuse me, tuesday, we talked about senator barry goldwater. Phoenix. One of the fathers of u. S. Conservatism. There are goldwater became so successful in phoenix not just because of his familys department for business. Which he inherited from his father but because he had other city leaders in phoenix changed the laws to make phoenix business friendly. Phoenix in the 1950s went from being a backwater southwestern engine being an economic for the nation and into the sprawling metropolitan center to you know today. For a few reasons. The first was tax incentives. Business inpen a the northeast, even in chicago, you have to pay a lot of taxes. People in the city will tell you they pay out the nose. , in phoenix, the city fathers established a system so that they could lure manufacturers to their part of the country by here, wef you come will not charge you taxes for your first five years. We will bring that are taxes to make you affordable. Example a big is goingstorage space to open surely. A lot of people did not want to have Public Storage it is not going to look pretty. Saythere are others that what is going to happen when what was formerly a parking lot is a business. We will collect taxes from the business and it will help. Cps is always struggling. Thats the reason for taxes. In the sunbelt in the sunbelt, politicians are saying we cannot do that. The other thing they did is they ease regulation. They made it easier for businesses to you both to do with zoning laws. And so they pulled back on government regulation. And they made it hard for unions to organize. They did pass not right to work laws. But laws that make it hard for the government to intervene in labor disputes. Laws that favor employers. , businesses like rca left camden and moved to the , thelt food to this day economy in that part of the u. S. Is growing in ways it is not in this part. Of the country. Ist to give you an example, want you to imagine what we talked about up until this in employment,aw especially manufacturing employment, where does this spike come from . The war, right. Then, we had a little bit every recession but then the economy grew right up to the middle of the night and 70s and then you see the decline. Out is interesting in terms racial disparity. Incline and wealth by different americans. An increase by the 1970s. Africanamerican wages and wealth does not ever to really catch up with white americans. When they Start Recording the wealth of aesthetics, you can see the decline too. So, i will throw statistic value. Of 1947, we produced most of the worlds steel. If you remember when we talk about the industrial revolution, how important the development of steel was to the economy. We are only producing 16 of the world. Becoming thefrom most important exporter of goods especially industrial goods to r one of the most important importers. The labor movement, and it is power. Quotesill read you some here from people who lived through this. So, the American Labor movement, if you remember, generated a great deal of energy especially during the war and during the great depression. That was after its initial rise at the beginning of the 20th century. After the 1960s, unions go into steep decline in the u. S. It is largely because there are many people who dont like unions, partly because of internal inertia. I pointed out that people who worked in manufacturing, because of the aflcio became members of the working class to becoming workers of the middle class. If you work for gm and raise to your family in michigan, chances are you had good health care. You had a good pension and you can send your get the college. , Union Members did not want to rock the boat and neither did it leaders. They were not giving a lot of organizing. They were trying to maintain the status quo. They were not having one on ones. They went into decline. Another reason is some unions were played with corruption. Some unions had ties to the mob. These gave all unions a bad reputation. That theeason is government and politicians begin doing what they could to make it. Utter organize t a government in a particular state may not enforce the laws of the National Labor relations. Employers could do all kinds of things to make it hard to. If you walked into work and had a union but none. Someone forire wearing an union button. It is going to be really hard to unionize union in a place like walmart, for example. Inertia, and a Political Climate that is unfairly to unions. Types ofof the sunbelt policies that made it harder for businesses to meet the demands of unions. That is one reason. Problem with the wages come of the pensions that happened after 1970. 25 of American Workers are organized in 1976. 15 and years, down to it has only dropped off from there. We have seen an uptick in organizing places like universities. I dont know how many of you heard about the report on organizing here at loyola and other universities. There are sectors of the economy where you do see labor asserting itself but for the most part, it doesnt have the natural impact that it has politically or economically in the 1960s and earlier. Examplell give you an of what happens. This is the Mcdonnell Douglas plan in torrance, california. Mcdonnell douglas is one of the classic businesses that grew up out of the war. Aerospace took off in los angeles. Really with world war ii. Mcdonnell douglas was one of the companies it employed tens of thousands of employees who lived pretty good lifestyles. 1950s, 1960s and even the 1970s. Stillnd of employer that does like this. We talked about suburbanization and homelands of the time. This is lakewood, california. It was one of many subdivisions that sprung up in response to the economic boom that we talked about. Also, the passages of the national highway act in early 1950s. We will get there in a minute. I just wanted to talk about what happens. There is no more Mcdonnell Douglas anymore. Of the pastrse closeddecades, the plans and they eventually merge with boeing. The most for manufacturers of airplanes. Oncenell douglas, which built the transport vehicles for the u. S. And other allied nations in world war ii, disappears. First a plan in torrance. They had planned in tulsa and other places. People just lost their jobs. For became very difficult doing heavyere industry jobs. People who were machinists. They suffered terribly because of that. 1973, a spokesperson for the aflcio actually came before the u. S. Finance committee to talk about what was happening to our economy. I will quote him. He said we have become a nation of hamburger stands. A country of industrial capacity and meaningful work stripped of these things. We are a service economy. A nation busily buying and selling root beer floats. So, this is what happens. We go from being an industrial economy to a service economy. Mean . At does that what is the problem one economy replace another . What is wrong with flipping hamburgers at mcdonalds or making lattes at starbucks . Bottom people aspire to that . I will call in your. Yes. May be because before the u. S. Was ahead of the industry, making advancements, especially in the world universally. If you are a service economy, it is monday. Not making advancements. The. Nickerson some in Service Industry that are fulfilling. There were also if you remember the Charlie Chapman film we watched work in the initial sector could be unfulfilling. But there is only different even when the jobs were bananas. The wages. Are not are the same . What else . It is the connotation, g hamburgers. Er before you on the scene making products, you make more money off of that but there is more. Making those products in a factory, and is an advancement. Where youpany versus flip hamburgers and make lattes, it is like a small. Why. Nickerson question is why is that not the same . More of a global industry. When you are producing, you are serving the whole, more of inexpensive population the people. The u. S. , that is your not really involved. Prof. Nickerson one more. Victoria . It is much more easier to upkeep the middle class with benefits. Prof. Nickerson why . Why could you be in the middle class if you work with gm and putting bolts on an Assembly Line . The wage is better. Pension. Prof. Nickerson pension. Socialdy gets he security but it is really the benefits. If you are working in a service economy, chances are you are not making much of retirement. Your employer is not putting much money away to help you save from when you cannot work anymore. Second is health care. In the u. S. , most Peoples Health care is tied to the employment. If you have what is usually a parttime job in the Service Industry, you are not going to have the same Health Care Benefits that your parents and grandparents generation had. We fighte reasons why so much about Health Care Policy in the u. S. Congress trying to figure out what they will do with obamacare. It is why these have become hot button issues. This is when you become a problem. One we become the industrialized. Seethe other thing that we as they move into 1980s is that those jobs then moved from the rust belt of the sunbelt, they lead the country altogether. Profitablemuch more for manufacturers to make a good places like mexico, china any place where they dont have to pay the same kind of wages they do in the u. S. Who has an iphone . Do you know where it is made . China. Why dont they make it here . Be tang 10 times as much for that phone if they had to take u. S. Wages, if they had to provide benefits, if they had to provide pensions and maintain the standard of living for people who work in heavy industry in the u. S. Jobs move offshore. That is what we call it. Offshore give the industrial economy. And then we get hit even harder. Of the 80s and 90s, we see manufacturing on the u. S. Border and businesses called. Right and clar as in other places close to texas, you have workers who are making good that will go across the border into the u. S. On the one hand, this is helpful because then people can afford the manufacture. There is a reason why most at loyola and of the place own iphones. It is a technology that people can adopt because it is cheap. The problem is it is not helping people learn livable wages in that area. So when we get into the next class, we will talk about what happens to the u. S. Economy in the 1980s because even as we are deindustrializing, we experience a huge economic moon in the early to mid 1980s. The nations economy expands. There is more money circulating, more investments. So, if her wages are not keeping up then where is that money. Byit is not being enjoyed someone whose cleaning rooms at the hyatt, then ok, where is that ewealth . Want to take a guess . The wealthy, the 1 . Prof. Nickerson yes, it is going up. So, yes, patrick . I was wondering if you could talk about the introduction of the automation that happened also in the 1970s and 1980s and industrialization that further moved jobs. In addition to off shoring, there was this rapid implementation of electronic and computerized production. Right. Ickerson next week, we will talk about the rise of tax but patrick is right in the sense that tasks awayis taking from human workers and making it cheaper for companies to make things. Machine, a robot begins to replace humans it will lose jobs. This is the problem up forwealth is moving it we see what is occupying wall street and other movements calling attention to the 1 povertyople living in and people who live in the middle class, they almost live in a different country than people who are extremely rich. We leaveartly because what we call a stakeholder capitalism to a profit driven capitalism where in the 1950s, it was important for ceos to earn a good income, but workers were paid well, they took the lives of consumers and their city seriously. Companies cannot do that anymore today. They have to maximize profits as much as they possibly can, which is why we have bought luster gates, bezos at amazon, where they make so much money that people who dont live in that world cannot comprehend it anymore. It is also because of policies that were developed in the 1980s. To stimulate the economy, it generated a lot of wealth. It is referred to as the overclass. By this time, you are pretty familiar with what that looks like by the turn of the 20th the question is how do people respond . There is frustration and rage, a lot of people who lose their jobs, lose their homes. Theres also a great deal of self blame. About, letsk return to the American Dream. The idea is that the united respects a place that equality, equal opportunity, that everyone here has a chance. Ofs goes back to the idea the industrial era when people could pick themselves up either bootstraps. This was the story of andrew , being an immigrant to one of the richest men in the world. The United States perpetuated that idea and as you all said, in many ways, it represented the lived experience of people in the 1950s and the 1960s. The problem is compared to other nations and how they respond, people in the United States tend to blame themselves. Why cant i make all this money . It must be something wrong with me. Im doing something wrong and people suffer. For example, after the plant closed, there was a very famous journalist who goes and talks to the people who lost their jobs. Mata. Them is don he says theres no way you can feel like a man, you cant. It is the fact that im not able to support my family. When you have been successful at buying a house, a car and can pay for your daughter to go to college, you have a sense of success and people see it. It goes back to what you were saying earlier when it comes to having a job compared to flipping burgers. I havent been able to support my daughter. I havent been able to support my wife and i will be frank with you, i feel like i have been castrated. There were a lot of workers, many of them men from white ethnic backgrounds, they felt a over theheir manhood 1970s and 1980s because they work raised to believe this is what it meant. So, you are kind of loss at that point time, so the American Dream made them feel like they were a failure when they cannot keep up with the changes in the economy. It did not help that in the United States, we have a cultural culture of aspiration, so when you watch shows on tv or youtube for go to the movies, many of the things we watch here in the United States are about rich people. Think about reality tv. Who is keeping up with the kardashians these days . Is kind of the culture that , in the 1980s, i put this film up here. It is very popular when i was in high school and it is about this guy on the left. Does anybody recognize the actor . Andhis is Michael Douglas he plays the character moved by now. Everybody remembers his name, gordon deco. Ardon deco was the ceo of company in new york. I think it was a financial business and he was doing insider trading, so he was breaking the law. Man who just got out of college from a was agclass family and worker. He comes from that generation. Hes very excited to have the and has a new, beautiful girlfriend and they develop this mentoring protege relationship and then he figures out what dilemma,nd so in his do i report my boss because if he goes down . Down, i go down. In the end, he makes the right call. The thing is, even though the movie had the right message, had a good message, most people who watched wall street, they were there to kind of consume the lifestyle of these young investors moving around at the time to watch the crazy parties they had and the fashion and the women and the lifestyle. Lowerclass people may not have things, but they seek to look for class and they will buy things to feel that way to overlook their own pitfalls you could say. Their goal is to strive to be luxury class. Economists say this makes the market move in certain ways. As if these things dont happen in other places, for sure, but it does not happen like it happens here. There are companies. Companywhen it offers Gwyneth Paltrows company . The things she sells are very expensive. She will tell you she does not think it is for everyone to buy. She describes her products as aspirational. Theres an economy for goods that make people feel like they turnealthier and this in makes it hard for people who are who really want a job and want to raise a family. If they fail, they think it is their fault. Frustration, depression, these have all been byproducts of the industrialization and the problems of methamphetamine abuse. The other response has been in american Popular Culture which we already see here in wall street and other movies, but also in music which is what we are going to talk about for the rest of the class today. How many of you like hiphop music . Where do you hear it . A lot of it coming directly from the artist. Outube is a big source verypecially social media, accessible. Where else do you hear . You hear it in films, clubs. Thehop gets it start in 1970s in parks and on beaches, mainly in new york. There were djs who became artists themselves, basically by setting up turntables right in the middle of the park. You would plugin and on the mayberganize a party or circulate fires beforehand and people would come to hear you spend music. Im going to play you just a flowersm grandmaster with hispeople credit not being the father, one of the fathers of hiphop and rap. Ok, so what did you hear . What sounded familiar, what was different than the hiphop today . Did you hear the origins of the word hiphop . Yes, i did hear that. Form created by sampling earlier joiners of music. Genres of started andit today, i dont think it is done like that anymore. It is done with digitization today. I actually dj. That is one of my parttime hobbies it there are a lot of enthusiasts today still doing a lot of that, but back then, it was different because they were creating this genre. Played out, we dont want to do that anymore. They are splicing it and having two of the same records and go back and forth and create of the it be a beat. All of that together created hiphop, but today, a lot of. Olks who stick to originals modern tracks will do the same thing. In my class at the gym, you have to tell me, what does this mean . Why headphones . See, there is something i remember. Have to have the headphones because you are listening to one record and the other one is playing and it is all about the group the groove. The early scratching, at least from what i have learned is the scratching sound on records was done first, unintentionally, they were trying to find the right group to get the sampling so that it would continue sinuously seamlessly, but then scratching would become a sample they would loop been in to the music. This is mainly getting a start in places like brooklyn and the bronx in new york and eventually it moves into the clubs and it sounds im sure to you, lowtech and when using the big speakers and he turntables, you think so old, but for them, this was cutting edge and hightech and djs would battle with each other and it wasnt just about their skills, it was about their machine and what they could bring with them to a particular park or dance party and a genre of music is born. Sure, it was influenced by earlier threads like james brown, rock n roll, rd and new synthetic music, but really it. Tarts to become its own thing i wanted to show you the ways in in the 1980sists and 1990s bring this mainstream, so he leaves the that and becomes Something Like a High School Student was listening to all the time and probably the most important was public enemy. They release an album called fear of the black panic planet and there are many songs that become number one of the chart. Im going to play you a sample of just one of them. Who did you see there on the poster . Right, so fight the power. 1989,ng was released in so it is actually made for a movie. Enemy, formedlic in 1982, so they had been around a while, so i filmmaker is getting a lot of attention, and heee in the 1980s makes a film called do the right thing and he wanted to have the right sound, so he went to public enemy and asked what becomes of this song . The neighborhood of brooklyn and racial tensions developing there because of a lot of the white inhabitants, mainly from ethnic enclaves like irish and at times are leaving the city and going to the suburbs and you have africanamericans taking their place, so spike lee plays a character and works at in the basically,aurant and sows pizzeria has this wall of fame with a have photographs of famous italians, so people come . N and say what you doing this is a black neighborhood, you need black faces up there. Night, the night one fire hydrants open up, people are playing in the streets and then there is a riot. Spike lee actually handles it quite well. The neighbors in the community and the film itself is dedicated to victims of police violence, which as you know does not originate with the black lives matter movement. Eraates to the civil rights , so public enemy helps to make rap and hiphop a National Genre that is enjoyed by middleclass white people as much as it is by nonwhite people. There is another artform that emerges along with hiphop and that is breakdancing. Enemy orsten to public other rappers at the time comes theres always a point in the salt were the instruments are silenced and all you hear is the beat and it is heavy. There is a lot of base. That is called the breakout heart of the song and so the dancers started using that to show show off and so it became known as straight dancing and breakdancing groups would form and compete with each other , so it spun out into something much bigger then he breaks in the music and it became popular again in the city and across the country. Im going to show you a little bit about this form. Out with those people and they might know someone breaking an area and you say you want to battle them. I heard your style is good, but mine is better and then you go and test it. It was my way of recruiting. We would do it for fun. In our area one really involved until we met a guy named crazy legs. That is basically how i met everyone else being in rocksteady. Thatu might have noticed there are mostly men who are doing these dancing. It starts off in the africanamerican community, but then becomes very latino and now, it is very asianamerican, still see it in american Popular Culture, but it has changed over time and you can aso see that it comes from gritty part of cities and lets just say it is not aspirational. Breakdancing to look like they are rich or pretend they are rich. They are embracing a different part of American Culture. It is inspired by the events we way ofking about is a generating culture outside of the circumstances at the time. Another important figure at the time was bruce springsteen. Jersey. Raised in new 1960s, veryof the much inspired by roots music, Woody Guthrie and also by the folk music of the 1960s and brings an interesting rock sound with his band. What is interesting is he managed to take the historical developments and make them into poetry. Musics music and lyrics transcend the experience and he sometimes finds beauty and the landscape we are talking about, so this song im going to play it called Atlantic City. It is from an album called and you will see buses. I want you to listen to the lyrics and tell me what caused your attention. What stands out . What do you think . Saw. L say what i one of the things, the boardwalk and Atlantic City which, coming out of, especially the prohibition era and then you have casinos. Are casinos in some new places, but back in the 1970s, there were only two places las vegas and Atlantic City, so everybody who lived on the east coast came to Atlantic City. Towas where you came basically act out your fantasies of wealth. You could pretend you have a lot of money or try and make a lot of money and people would dress makeup andon their make their hair looked pretty and go to Atlantic City. What else . Saw . Mages you doesnt have to be anything profound. [indiscernible] and something welding something. Think that was the job he was talking about it in the whole thing about things that die and sometimes come back , but clearly addressing the industrialization. I think one of the things that makes him so popular, he is not just complaining about the loss of jobs. It is not about anger. Theres always an element of optimism for beauty or beauty and much of his music. Lyrics, put your makeup on, make your hair looked we may ben though suffering, we may not know where the next paycheck is coming from, we are still human beings and we need to live and celebrate life. Rose johny john rose that, now and respond to industrialization. For some people listening to springsteen, they are very in tune and this speaks to my experience. For other people, it is an escape. It is a way to get away from the daytoday struggles of work and family or whatever and there is that im going to talk about called new ways which becomes popular in the 1980s and very much informed and inspired by disco music, by the new technology that is developing in places that is developing places like Silicon Valley there. We are in the infant stages of that. But there are new instruments that emerge like synthesizers. One does not have to come again, be an excellent musician on a tar or on the paean you piano to develop something new on the synthesizer. There is one group that really caught my attention at the time. They are called devo. Short for deevolution. I can tell you that when i listened to be no, i have no idea what any of it meant. I did not care, i like the music. But for these guys who were born ohio, aed in akron, part of the country that is hollowing out with industrialization, they wanted to create music that you in many ways, is a surrealist perry parity parody. You did not celebrate the changes or outright criticize them, it just made this intentionally weird mix that called your attention to what was happening. You would see themes of work and construction and a lot of their photographs. Had one song called working in the coal mine. At the same time, they were futuristic. And that is one of the unifying themes of new wave music. If incorporated what they saw as futuristic sounds that were celebrating or evoke in the poking you evoking the spaceage. I would somehow make you think about these things. Had a recurring character. His name, i believe, is boogiewoogie. Its a guy who wears a mask and its meant to just look stupid and weird. The point being that we are no longer a nation, in their mind that is becoming more civilized and sophisticated and prosperous. We are deevolving. And they may not not just in terms of the economy, but American Culture. That we are becoming just less and less human as we move into the late 20th century. So im going to play of the song called its a beautiful world. Again, i want you to watch it and tell me what you notice your notice. What did you notice . What was weird . What were they trying to do . Go ahead. Bitingly sarcastic. House so . How so . Picture ofcs and the the song mocks of the ideology of the rich and the people in society that cant afford the good things of life and have turned a blind eye. If all you heard or the , ithesizes and the drums would sound like an upbeat, bubblegum pop song and then you hear the words. Like this is all very odd and intentionally. And then you see the video, which as you say, thats the whole point is that they are trying to show you have a video of what you see him does. Not match what they are thinking about. What you see does not match what they are singing about. T is meant to be superficial recall your affection to the surface and what American Culture that celebrates in terms of wealth and technology. But actually, what the other consequences are of that celebration. Thats who they were third and they were irish, that they were and other gifts did similar things, but they, more than anyone else, had that very sarcastic approach. I wish i could tell you i was on top of all of that and interested in the 1980s, but i wasnt. I just like their music. But devo is actually a really good way to bring todays lecture to a close. It is looking to events that we will talk about soon. Events that changed the american economy, mainly from places like Silicon Valley. The development of tech there that has its origins in the industrialization, but really takes off in the 1990s. For example, does anyone know the origins of apple . Is one of those Great Success stories that we celebrate. A garage. Go ahead. In cupertino, california. , well, he made started apple in his garage. Steve jobs and Steve Wozniak drop out of college and they are kind of tinkering themselves in this time that we are talking about. But really, they dont become apple until a little bit later. But its in the 70s that they are starting to play around this is also when the government is developing the internet. Starts out being called Something Else and it operated on these huge computers. Get thedid not really internet until the 1990s. Im really dating myself here, but when i was sitting in your seat and listening to lectures, i did not have email. There was no world wide web. I did not even have a cell phone. Infancyhat is in its people are not necessarily even talking about but it is really on the horizon. So you can think about the relationships between these things and what is ahead as you prepare for class on tuesday. Andmber to do the readings thank you so much for your attention today. Have a good rest of your day. You can watch lectures in history every weekend on American History tv, taking you toide history classrooms learn about various topics. That saturday at 8 p. M. And midnight eastern on cspan3. Founded in 1607, jamestown virginia was the first English Settlement in north america. Summer of 6019 marked the arrival of the first african slaves and the first meeting of the General Assembly which established Representative Government in the colony. American history tv to a commemoration of the 400th anniversary of the first virginia General Assembly