Watergate, and also if you early years of american conservative movement. This brings us to the 1970s and he topic is deindustrialization. Picking up our electric 1970 but we will take this all the way through the 1980s. Developments that i talk about erent sudden, they unfolded very slowly. And i will explain why. To do that i want you to reflect to question that im going give you. Handsse your lands yet because i want you to think about. The American Dream. How do you define that . Then i want you to think about grandparents generation, your parents generation, and generation. Want you to think about the standard of living enjoyed by your generations and family. Can somebody give me a definition of the American Dream . Carla carla. , like, successful and getting married and having kids to provide for your family. Yes, that is the american a lot of people. How how else do people think of the American Dream . For an immigrant family my were both immigrants and my us they value education, getting educated and finding a job so i can take care myself. Right. Prosperous, successful, education. We might thing that not think about is how the merican dream is imagined to unfold over generations. My grandparents being immigrants they came to the United States because they wanted to create children alongfor with there is the assumption dream relies can on equality in the United States. That everyone in this country lives here has access to the American Dream. Now reflecting on your grand participants and parents, how to that respond question . Ith a she of hands how many with a show of hands how many peoples parents lived in your a pwbetter life than your grandparents generation. Interesting. How many of you think that you a standard of ve living better than your parents . Ok. Really begs the question what is standard of living. I get it. We are going that, to move on to talk about what happened to the u. S. Economy. Sort of a development in u. S. Political economy after the 1960s. It is a period that we refer to d deindustrialization. Jobs started t moving. American capital started moving places where it had been established over the course the 20th century. To help us understand that, can was it tell me what about the United States between 1970 that made prosper . What happened . What fueled this American Dream that help your parents generation to live better than your generation . Laws that are enabling people to go to college and get educated and try to get to that area of in able to be prosperous and successful. Thatght, the g. I. Bill created Educational Opportunities for the American Military. What else . Can you wait a second . Go ahead. Following world war ii and all those things that happened to rebuild the American Dream and the economy, help people be a lot more helpful. The new deal also created the welfare stage, we had social security. At this point, after world war ii, america has the economic ability to be able to support people because most of europe is destroyed at this point and the American Military was growing with a lot of resources based on what they are selling to the world. Right. Remember, they became to the world. Our Financial System was so robust that we are lending a great deal of money to these nations in europe that are recovering from the destruction of the war. We are also becoming a manufacturing powerhouse. This was when we saw the development of u. S. Aerospace, of the automobile industry. We became very prosperous because of heavy industry, essentially. So, this is what is going to change once we get to 1970. Because american manufacturers decide that, in order to maximize profits, they need to leave the places where they had built their plants. Detroit, like pittsburgh. Gary, indiana. This place, i have told you about this place before. Camden, new jersey, where i was born. This is when my father was growing up there. It was doing very well. It was an interesting workingclass state. You werent rich, you typically lived in two flats and three flats, and you worked in the shipyard or you worked at rca. If you are my grandmother, you were waitressing. By 1980. Amden when i was growing up in the suburbs outside of the city. Trains to get into philadelphia and we would have to cross over camden. Nobody would get off the train in camden if you were from the outer suburb, you would just go over camden and this is what you would see out the window. After thelike dresden war and continues to look that way today. Its because companies that were so important to the economy in the 1950s, in this case, records, they rca took their plants out of camden and moved to the American South and southwest. An area of the country. Is in aine that we see place that we call the rust belt, this section of the United States which tends to be in the northeast into the midwest. Butago is in the rust belt it has not suffered like other cities. Does anybody know why . What is it about chicago that has helped keep the city alive . Chicago has a very diverse economy. Even though manufacturing was very important and there is still some manufacturing here, some of those industries that we talked about, from the beginning of the 20th century, the stockyards, these Centers Closed manufacturing, but chicago has always had many other things going on here. Belthe jobs leave the rust and the first place that they go in the 1970s is to the sunbelt. The sunbelt is a region of the United States, it is really a Political Economic idea. The idea that metropolitan centers like dallas, houston, charlotte, north carolina. They become the places were manufacturing finds a home. So, why . Why would businesses leave the rust belt as it became known, and go to the sunbelt . Because of economic incentives. Week, excuse me, i believe it was tuesday, we talked about senator Barry Goldwater of phoenix. Barry goldwater, i pointed out, was one of the fathers of u. S. Conservatism from the 1950s and 1980s. Became soy goldwater successful in phoenix, not just familysf his Department Store business, which he inherited from his father, but because he and other city leaders in phoenix changed the laws to make phoenix businessfriendly. Phoenix in the 1950s went from being a backwater southwestern town to being an economic engine for the nation. And into the sprawling metropolitan center that you know today. For a few reasons. The first was tax incentives. Business inpen a chicago,east, even in you are going to pay a lot of taxes. People in the city will tell you that they pay out the nose. Phoenix, the city fathers established a system so that they could lure manufacturers to their part of the country by saying if you come here, we wont charge you taxes for the first five years of your existence, or we are going to bring down those taxes to make it affordable for you to operate your business. Example, in my neighborhood, in the north part of chicago, there was a Storage Space that is going to open shortly. But when the Business Owner proposed it for zoning, a lot of people didnt want Public Storage in the middle of our neighborhood. Its not going to look pretty. But there are others who tought, well, what is going happen when what was formally a parking lot is now a business . We are going to collect taxes from that business and it will help our schools. Cps is always struggling. Thats the reason for taxes. In the sun belt, politicians were saying, well, we cant do that. If we want to have jobs here, we have to make it easier. So the other thing they did, they eased regulations. They made it easier for businesses to deal with zoning laws and all the other things that they have to do in order to operate their businesses. So, they pulled back on government regulations. The last thing they did, they made it hard for unions to organize. They passed what are referred to as not right to work laws but laws that basically make it hard for the government to intervene in labor disputes. So, these are laws that favor employers. Businesses like and moved to the sunbelt. To this day, the economy and that part of the United States is growing in ways that its not in this part of the country. Example, ie you an want you to imagine what weve talked about up to this point, how we saw in employment, especially manufacturing employment, where does this spike come from . The war, right. Then, we had a little bit of a recession but then the economy to the middle of the 1970s and then you see the decline. This is also interesting in terms of the racial disparity. Incline of wealth enjoyed by different groups of americans, so there is an increase until the 1970s. Africanamerican wages and wealth does not ever really with white americans. And then when they Start Recording the wealth of hispanics, you can see the decline. So, im just going to throw some statistics at you. In 1947 we produced most of the worlds steel. If you remember when we talk about the industrial revolution, how important the development of steel was to the u. S. Economy. Producing are on the 16 of the worlds steel. Becoming thefrom most important exporter of becoming, over time, one of the most important importers of goods. So, the other reason we see a decline in this period is because of the Labor Movement losing a lot of its power. Im going to read you some quotes here from people who lived through this. So, the american Labor Movement, if you remember, generated a great deal of energy, especially during the war and during the great depression, that was after its initial rise at the beginning of the 20th century. After the 1960s, unions start to go into steep decline in the United States. Because there are many people who dont like unions. Partly because of internal inertia. I pointed out that people who worked in manufacturing because lcio went from being members of the working class to being members of the middle class. If you worked for gm and raise your family in michigan, chances are you had good health care, you had a pension, and you are going to be able to send your kids to college. Of that, Union Members did not want to rock the vote and neither did there leaders. Neither did their leaders. They were not going out and having oneonones and trying to bring in people. They went into decline. Another reason, some unions were plagued with corruption and some unions had ties to the mob. These gave all unions a bad reputation. Theher reason is that government and politicians began doing what they could to make it harder for unions to organize. For example, the government in a particular state would not enforce the laws of the National Labor relations act. Do all kinds of things to make it hard. If you walked into work and you had a union button on, the law says that you cant fire someone for wearing a union button. But if the law is not being enforced, its going to be really hard to organize the union in a place like walmart, for example. Inertia,endly laws, and a Political Climate that is unfriendly to unions. And kind of the rise of the sun policies that made it harder for businesses to meet the demands of unions. That is one reason. Problem withs a the wages, the benefits, the pensions that happen after 1970. Ill give you an example. 25 of American Workers are organized in 1976. In eight years, its down to 15 , and it has only dropped off from there. Recently, we are seeing something of an uptick in organizing in places like universities, for example. Heardow how many of you the report on organizing here at loyola and other universities yesterday. There are sectors of the economy were you do see labor asserting itself but for the most part, it doesnt have the National Impact that it had politically or economically in the 1960s and earlier. An example. E you this is the mcdonalddouglas plant in california. Mcdonnelldouglas is one of those classic businesses that grew up out of the war. There are off in los angeles with world war ii. Mcdonnelldouglas was one of those companies that employ tens of thousands of employees who lived for the good lifestyles pretty good lifestyles in the 1950s, even into the 1970s. It is the kind of employer that is still like this. If you remember when we talked about home loans at the time, this is california. It was one of many subdivisions that sprung up in response to the economic boom that we talked about and also the passage of the national highway act in the early 1950s. Well get there in a minute. About whated to talk happened. There is no more mcdonnelldouglas anymore. Over the course of the past antsle decades, their pl closed and that you eventually which ofth boeing course is the most important manufacture of airplanes area which oncelldouglas had built the transport vehicles for the United States and other allied nations in world war ii disappears. So, they closed a plant in torrance and other places. And people just lost their jobs. Difficultecame very for people who were doing heavy like welding and riveting, people who work machinists. They suffered terribly because of that. 1973, a spokesperson for the actually came before the u. S. Finance committee to talk about what was happening to our economy and i will quote him here. He says we have become a nation a countryer stands, of industrial capacity and meaningful work, stripped of these things. We are a Service Economy, a nation buying and selling root beer floats. This is what happens. We go from being an industrial economy to a Service Economy. Mean . At does that the the problem whats problem . One economy replaces another. What is wrong with flipping hamburgers at mcdonalds for making or making lattes at starbucks . Why dont people aspire to that . Im going to call on your. Im going to call on you. U. S. Was abefore the country that was making advancements in the world and universally and if you are just a Service Economy it is just monday and, you are not making it is just mundane and you are not making any advancements. There are some that would be less for filling but there were also, if you remember, that Charlie Chaplin film that we watched, work in the industrial sector could be unfulfilling, too. But theres something different, even when the jobs were monotonous. The wages are not the same. What else . I think it is just the connotation or the image of working, making lattes or flipping hamburgers. You are serving people. Before you were behind the scenes making projects and you make more money off of that, by making those products in a factory, its kind of an advancement. You are in for a Bigger Company versus when you flip hamburgers, it is kind of like, small. The question is, why . Why is that not the same . Like a global industry, when you are producing, you are serving the whole expansive population of people whereas service in the United States, you are not really involved anywhere else. One more, victoria . In the industrial economy its much easier to upkeep in middleclass as you said with those benefits. Be in they can you middle class if you work in gm and you are just putting bolts on . The wage is better and you get a pension. Pension everybody gets social security, but it is really the benefits. Are working in the Service Economy, chances are you are not making much for retirement, your employer is not putting much money away to help you save for when you cant work anymore. Second is health care. In the United States, most care is tied to their employment. If you have what is usually a parttime job in the service industry, you are not going to have the same Health Care Benefits that your parents and your grandparents had. Reasons why wee fight so much about Health Care Policy in the United States. Trying toear Congress Figure out what they are going to do with obama care. It is why these have become such hot button issues. This is when it became a problem. When we started to deindustrialize. See aser thing that we we move into the 1980s is that from thes that moved rust belt to the sun belt, they leave the country altogether. So, it becomes much more tofitable for manufacturers make goods in places like any place where they dont have to pay the same kind of wages that they do in the United States. Iphone . Do you know where its made . China. Why dont they make it here . Would be paying 10 times as much for that phone, probably, if they had to pay u. S. Wages, if they had to provide benefits, if they had to provide actions and maintain a standard of living for people who work in heavy industry in the u. S. So, jobs moved offshore. Thats what we call it. Off shoring of the industrial economy. Then we get hit even harder. Of the 80s and 90s, we see manufacturing on the u. S. Border and businesses called maquiladoras. Texas,r places close to you have workers who are making goods that are just going to go right across the border into the United States. On the one hand, this is helpful because people can afford these manufactured goods. People a reason why most at loyola and other places actually own iphones. Thats why its universal, its a technology that people adopt because it is cheap. The problem is that its not helping people earn livable wages in that area. So, when we get into the next class, we are going to talk about what actually happens to the u. S. Economy in the 1980s. Even as we are the industrial weindustrializing, experience a huge economic boom in the 1980s. The economy expands, there is more money circulating, there is more investment. So, if real wages are not keeping up, where is that money . Byits not being enjoyed someone who is cleaning rooms at the hyatt, ok, where is all that wealth . Want to take a guess . Increase is going to the wealthy, the 1 , everything. Yes, its going up. Patrick . I was wondering if you could also talk about the introduction of automation that happened also in the 70s and 80s that further moved jobs out in addition to offshoring. There was this rapid implementation of electronics and computerized production. Right, ok. Next week we are going to talk about the rise of tech as an industry, but patrick is absolutely right in the sense that automation is taking tasks away from human workers and making it cheaper for companies to make things. So, a machine, a robot begins to replace humans so therefore, people lose jobs. That continuesem from decade to decade starting in the 1970s. The wealth is moving up. Whate begin to see eventually occupy wall street and other movements have begun calling attention to, the 1 . Where the people who are living in poverty and people who live they almoste class, live in a different country than people who are extremely rich. We leaveartly because what we call a stakeholder form of capitalism to a more profit driven capitalism where, in the 1950s, it was important for ceos to earn a good income, but workers were paid well, they took the lives of consumers and their community seriously. Well, companies cant do that anymore today. They really have to maximize profits as much as they possibly can to compete with each other, which is why we have blockbuster like bezosill gates, at amazon. They make so much money that people who dont live in that world really cant comprehend it anymore. Thats what we mean by profit versus stakeholder capitalism. Its also because of policies that developed in the 1980s. For example, tax cuts. Meant to stimulate the economy and it did generate a lot of well. It creates what author michael lynn refers to as the overclass in the United States. And by this time, you are pretty familiar with what that looks like by the turn of the 20th century. So, the question is, how do people respond . Difficult. Et more well, theres frustration and rage felt by a lot of people who lose their jobs, who lose their industry, lose their homes in this time period. Theres also a great deal ofself of selfblame. Lets return to the American Dream. The idea is that the United States is a place that respects the quality, equal opportunity, that everyone here has a chance. Remember, this goes back to the whenof the industrial era people could pick themselves up by their bootstraps. This was the story of Andrew Carnegie who went from having nothing to being one of the richest men in the world. In the United States, we continue to perpetuate that idea over generations, and as you all just said, in many ways, it represented the lived experience of people in the 1950s and 1960s. The problem is that compared to other nations and how they respond, people in the United States tend to blame themselves. Well, why cant i make all this money, it must be something thats wrong with me. Im doing something wrong. And people suffer. For example, after the mcdonnelldouglas plant closed and people went out of work, theres a very famous journalist who goes and talks to the people who lost their jobs, and one of says theres no way you can feel like a man. Hes talking about what it feels like to be unemployed. You cant, it is that fact that im not capable of supporting my family. When youve been very successful in buying a house, a car, and could pay for your daughter to go to college, you have a sense of success and people see it, it kind of goes back to what you were saying earlier about what it is like to have that kind of job versus flipping burgers. I havent been able to support my daughter, i havent been able to support my wife. I will be very frank with you i feel ive been castrated. So, for a lot of workers, many whitem who were men from ethnic backgrounds, they felt a loss of their manhood over the 1970s and 1980s because they were raised to believe that this is what it meant to be a man, to have this kind of industrial job. So, they were kind of lost at that point in time. The American Dream made people feel like they were a failure when they couldnt keep up with the changes in the economy. That in thet help United States, we have a culture of aspiration. When you watch shows on tv or ,outube or you go to the movies many of the things that we watch in the United States are about very rich people. Think about reality tv. Who is keeping up with the kardashian these days . I dont necessarily mean that you have to, but this is the culture that we inherit. In the 1980s, i just put this up here, this was very popular when i was in high school. Guy on the left, bud, does anybody recognize the actor . Charlie sheen . And this is Michael Douglas and he plays a character who is by now, everybody remembers his name, gordon gecko. Of i forget what kind of company, i think it was a financial business. And he was doing insider trading. So, he was breaking the law. Man who just got out of college from a workingclass family, his father played by Charlie Sheen was a worker. He comes from that generation. Theis very excited to have salary that pays for a great apartment, he gets a really beautiful girlfriend, and he becomes friends with gordon. So they develop this mentor and protege relationship, but then he figures out what happens. And so, bud is in this dilemma. Do i report my boss because if he goes down, i go down. It also involved his father, i forget how. In the end, spoiler alert, bud does make the right call. The thing is, even though the movie had the right message, it had a good message, most people who watched wall street, they were there in the Movie Theater ing the lifestyle of these young investors who were moving around wall street at the time, to watch the crazy parties that they had, the fashion of the women, the lifestyle. That we talk about economics, the luxury class, lowerclass people may not have things, but they seek to emulate were to be just like the luxury class and they will buy things just to feel that way to overlook their own pitfalls, you could say. Their goal is to strive to be the luxury class and that is something that even economists talk about, how it makes our markets move a certain way, and why we will spend more just to look like someone else. Its not as if these things dont happen in other places, for sure. But it doesnt happen like it does here. There are companies, what is Gwyneth Paltrows company . She is asked about this all the time because the things that she sells are very expensive. But she will tell you flat out, she knows it. She doesnt think its for everybody to buy. She describes were products as aspirational. For goodsn economy that make people feel like they are wealthier. This, in turn, makes it hard , theyople who are working really just want a job and want to raise their family. If they fail at any of this, they take it upon themselves and they think its their fault. So rage, frustration, depression, these have all been byproducts of de industrialization. Also, we have the problems of methamphetamine abuse that happened in different parts of the country, where the economy is halloween out hollowing out. The other response has been in american Popular Culture which we already see here with wall street in other movies, but also in music which is what we are going to talk about for the rest of class today. So, how many of you like hiphop music . Whered you hear it . Where do you get your music . A lot of it coming directly from the artist posting on social media. It is kind of, blasting in all directions in 2019, at least. Its very accessible. Where else do you hear hiphop . You hear it in films, you hear it in clubs. Inl, hiphop gets a start the 1970s in parks and on beaches, mainly in new york. There were djs who became themselves, basically by setting up turntables right in the middle of a park. You can plug into a field house and on the spot organize a party or maybe you would circulate fliers before hand and people pinld come to hear you s music. Im going to play you a clip from grandmaster flowers who some people credit as being the father if not one of the fathers of hiphop and rap. Ok. So, what did you hear that sounded familiar, what was different . Did you hear the origins of the word hiphop . I did hear that. Bywas an art form created musicng earlier genres of and the technology of the turntable allows you to make loops of maybe only four seconds of the james brown song and put that on repeat. And that is how it started and today it sounds like its not really done like that much anymore. Because you guys are digital natives, its done completely with digitization. I want to object to that. I actually dj, that is one of my parttime hobbies. Theres a lot of vinyl turntablers today still doing a lot of that. But its different because hiphop, they were creating those jobs. It didnt exist. They want something to dance to, disco is played out, we dont want to do disco anymore. Theypatrick was saying, will have two of the same record on each side and go back and forth and create a beat with three different sections. Act then, you have the dj making the beat, rappers rhyming on top of it, and the boys who are dancing. All of that together created hiphop culture. Today, theres still a lot of folks who stick to the originals and will make things happen. There is something called beat juggling where they make a new beats out of old tracks. Modern tracks will do the same thing, make new beats out of the same modern tracks just from mixing it up. Gym, in my class at the theres this move that we do. What does this mean . [laughter] what is this . Why headphones . There is something that i remember. Headphones onve a because while one record is playing, you are listening to the other record that you are about to mix and it was all about the groove. I know, dont laugh at me. [laughter] scratching, at least from what ive learned, the scratching sound on records was done by djs first unintentionally, that they were trying to find the right group to get the sampling so that it would continue seamlessly from one song to the other but then the scratching became one of the samples that they would loop into the music. This is mainly getting its start in places like brooklyn and the bronx and new york. Eventually, it does move into the clubs. Lowtech. Im sure, when you see these bighonkin speakers and the turntables you think thats so old. But for them, this was cutting edge in high tech. They would actually battle with each other, and it was not just about their skills, it was about the machines. What they could bring with them to a particular park or dance party, and a genre of music is born. Of course, its influenced by earlier threads like james ,rown, like rock n roll, r b and also the new synthetic music, but really it starts to become its own thing. Speaking of beat boys, i will get there in a minute. But i wanted to show you the ways in which some artists, as we move into the 1980s and 1990s, they bring this mainstream. , init leaves the bronx brooklyn, and it becomes something that people like me, as a high school student, was listening to all the time. Probably one of the most important was public enemy. Album and there are many songs that become number one on the charts. Im going to play you a sample with a video of one of them. Fight the power fight the power fight the power who did you see on the poster . Right. , this song isr released in 1989. Movie. Tually made for a the band, the group, public enemy formed in 1982, so they had been around for a while. But then a filmmaker is getting inot of attention, spike lee the 1980s. He makes a film called do the right thing. He wanted to have the right sound for the film. Public enemy and asked them to develop what ultimately becomes this song. Do the right thing is about the bedford neighborhood in brooklyn and racial tensions because aeveloping lot of the white inhabitants, mainly from ethnic enclaves like italians and irish are leaving the city and moving to the suburbs and then you have africanamericans taking their place. So, spike lee is actually in the film, he plays a character who works in an italian restaurant. It has this wall of fame where they have photographs of famous italians. A couple people come in and they are like, what are you doing, this is a black neighborhood, you need black faces up there. And it just becomes a spark of tensions that had been brewing, its a hot night one night, the fire hydrants open up, people are playing in the streets, and then theres a riot. So, this is ultimately what unfolds in the film, but spike lee actually handles it quite between the neighbors in this community and the film itself is dedicated to the victims of police violence, doesntyou know originate with the black lives matter movement, it dates back quite a bit to the civil rights era. Helps to makemy rap and hiphop a National Genre that is enjoyed by middleclass white people as much as it is by nonwhite people. So, there is another artform that emerges along with hiphop and that is breakdancing. Enemy orsten to public other rappers at the time, theres always a point in the song were the instruments are silent and all you hear is that the, and its heavy, theres a lot of bass. That is called the breakout part of the song. Dancers started using that time to show off. It became known as breakdancing. Breakdancing groups would form and compete with each other, it obviously spun out to something much bigger than the breaks in the music. And it became popular again in the city and across the country. A little to show you bit about this form. When you hang out with those people, they might know someone that might be breaking in another area. Lets go over there, i want to battle them. Filmsike the martial arts , i heard your style is good, but mine is better. And you test their style. That was my way of recruiting. Im from the 173rd street area. There was really nobody in our area that was really involved until we met up with a guy. I was like, i want to adapt that style. Thats basically how i met everyone else. You might have noticed that there are many different, but mostly men, who are doing this dancing. It starts out in the africanamerican community, but eventually it becomes very latino and now its very asianamerican. We still see it in american Popular Culture, but it has changed over time. You can also see that it comes ofm kind of a gritty part , lets justits not say its not aspirational, right . People are not breakdancing to look like they are rich or to pretend that they are rich. They are actually embracing a different part of american culture. That is, postindustrial. It is inspired by the events we are talking about as a way of generating culture out of the circumstances of the time. Another important figure at the time was bruce springsteen. , born andngsteen raised in new jersey, he really comes out in the 1960s including his musical form which is very much inspired by roots music, woody guthrie, the full music of the 1960s the folk music of the 1960s. He brings an interesting rock sound with his band. What interesting about springsteen is he managed to take the historical developments and make it into poetry. His music and his lyrics really experience and he somehow finds beauty in the landscape that weve been talking about. This song that im going to play you is called Atlantic City. Its from an album called nebraska. See, you are going to buses. I told you how my dad paid his way through college in ways that we cant today, he drove buses. I want you to be listening to me whatcs and tell calls your attention. What stands out. So, what you think . Ill tell you what i saw. Among other things. The boardwalk in Atlantic City, which, coming out of the prohibition era into the 50s and 60s, was thriving. And then you have casinos. There are casinos in so many places now, but back in the 70s, there were only two places, that was Atlantic City and las vegas. Everybody who lived on the east coast came to Atlantic City. Came tohere you basically acts out your fantasies of wealth. You could go there and pretend you had a lot of money or try to make a lot of money. People would dress up and put on their makeup and make their hair looked pretty and go to Atlantic City. What else . The images that you saw. Attention. Doesnt have to be anything profound. The industrial imagery, someone welding something and the lyrics of got a job, sort of made you think thats what the job they were talking about was. Things whole thing about that die someday come back, sort of optimistic but clearly i think addressing de industrialization. I think one of the things that makes him so popular is hes not just complaining about the loss of jobs, hes not all about anger. Element ofays an optimism or beauty in much of his music. I just love the lyrics. Put your makeup on, make your hair looked pretty. Suffering, we may be we may not know where the next paycheck is coming from, we are still human beings, we need to live, we need to celebrate. Celebrate life. Genres thate many come out of this period and respond in many ways to de industrialization. For some people who are listening, to springsteen, they are very in tune with the lyrics. They feel that this speaks to my experience. For other people, its just music. Its an escape, if a way to get away from the daytoday struggles of work and family or whatever. And there is a third john wright that im going to a third genre that im going to talk about called new wave which becomes popular in the 1980s. Its very much formed and inspired by disco music, by the new technology that is developing in places like silicon valley. We are really in the infant stages of that. There are new instruments that emerge like synthesizers, so one excellentave to be an musician on the guitar or on the piano to develop something new out of a synthesizer. That really group caught my attention at the time, and they are called devo. Deevolution. For i can tell you that when i listened to them, i had no idea what any of it meant. I didnt care, i like the music. But for them, for these guys who were born and raised in ohio, part of the country that is hollowing out, they wanted to create music that, in many ways, a a parity parody, response to these events. It didnt celebrate the changes, it didnt criticize them, it just kind of made this intentionally weird mix that called your attention to what was happening. Of work ande themes construction in a lot of their photographs. They had one song called working in the coal mines and you would hear industrial sounds. At the same time, they were also futuristic. That is one of the unifying themes of new wave music is that it actually incorporated what they saw as futuristic sounds that were celebrating or evoking the spaceage, and they often had narratives that went along, that you wouldnt necessarily here in the lyrics of the song, but that somehow made you think about these things. You dont see it here, they actually have a recurring character who is just this guy who wears a mask and it is meant to just look stupid and weird. That we are no longer a nation, in their mind, that is becoming more civilized and more sophisticated and more prosperous. We are deevolving. And they mean that not just in terms of the american economy, but american culture. We are becoming less and less human as we move into the late 20th century. Im going to play a piece of a song called its a beautiful world. I want you to watch it and tell me what you notice. Its a beautiful world we live in. A sweet romantic place. Thetiful people everywhere, way they show they care makes me want to say its a beautiful world. Its a beautiful world. Its a beautiful world. You, for you. Me. Not for for you. Its a beautiful world for you. What did you notice . What was weird . What were they trying to do . Go ahead. Bitingly sarcastic. How so . Lyrics mock the ideology of the rich people, society can afford the good things in life and they have turned a blind eye to areas of suffering and violence, they dont want to Pay Attention to it. It mocks that line of people on one side of it and the other side. Its a beautiful world. If all you heard were the synthesizers and the drums and guitar, it would sound like a really upbeat bubblegum pop song. And then you hear the words. Its a beautiful world and you are this is all very odd and intentionally odd. And then you see the video. Thats the whole point is that they are trying to show you. Ou have a video where the words do not match what you are seeing. It is meant to be superficial. It shows the wealth and technology and the other consequences of the celebration. That is who they were. They were irony. That is what they were about. There were other groups that did similar things. But i think they, more than anyone else, had that very sarcastic approach to the music. I wish i could tell you i was on top of all of that and interested in the 1980s, but i wasnt. I just liked their music. Devo is actually a really good way to bring todays lecture to a close because it is looking to events that we will talk about soon. Events that changed the american economy, mainly from places like silicon valley. The development of tech that has its origins in the time of de industrialization but really takes off in the 1990s. For example, does anyone know the origins of apple . This is one of those Great Success stories that we celebrate. A garage. When, where . Go ahead. I thought you had your hand up. In cupertino, california. Steve jobs made, well, he started apple in his garage. Yes. Steve jobs and Steve Wozniak drop out of college and they are kind of tinkering themselves in this time that we are talking about. But really, they dont become apple until a little bit later. That is when the economy changes. But its in the 70s that they are starting to play around. This is also when the government is developing the internet. It starts out being called Something Else and it operated on these huge computers. But we did not really get the internet until the 1990s. Im really dating myself here, but when i was sitting in your seat and listening to lectures, i did not have email. There was no world wide web. I did not even have a cell phone. All of that is in its infancy and people are not necessarily it, but it isbout really on the horizon. So you can think about the relationships between these things and what is ahead as you prepare for class on tuesday. Remember to do the readings and thank you so much for your attention today. Have a good rest of your day. In historyo lectures on the go by streaming our podcasts. You are watching American History tv, only on cspan3. Campaign 2020. Watch our live coverage of the president ial candidates on the campaign trail and make up your own mind. Cspans campaign 2020, your unfiltered view of politics. Attacks onissile Saudi ArabianOil Processing facilities originally disrupted more than half of the kingdoms crude oil output. That is about 6 of the global supply. On reel america, a 1948 documentary on how the oil industry began in saudi arabia. Here is a preview. 1933, after weeks of discussions, there was a meeting on the outskirts of the city. It was there that saudi government officials representing his majesty signed a concession covering roughly 330,000 square miles. This was the starting point of the new American Business venture abroad. But ahead, there was a Long Distance to travel. A huge investment. Years of effort. And no end of patience and perseverance. Most important of all, the job men, require men, hearty determined men, men willing to leave family and friends and journey halfway around the world on a quest that might end in failure. Sundayh the entire film at 4 00 p. M. Eastern on reel america when we journey through the 20th century with archival films to provide context on public affairs. Next, library of congress archivist and dance curator libby smigel delivers an illustrated talk on how to use the Library Resources and collections. Her presentation focuses on fall river legend, a 1948 ballet that interprets the sensational murder case of Lizzie Borden who in was acquitted of killing her 1893 father and stepmother with a hatchet. Although, the ballet finds her guilty as charged. The u. S. Capitol Historical Society hosted the event as part of a series on congress and the arts. With that, i will move on to todays speaker