Look at the other perspectives. Our way of selecting an author is an author will submit a manuscript. We have a bunch of Senior Officers. Senior means age, not rank. They review the manuscripts and make a recommendation to the director of the book program, and then the wheels start rolling. The negotiation with the publisher goes on between the book Program Director and the author himself. Weve got a nice stable of printing houses, universities and other organizations that produce our books. As a bit of history, in the audience in the back, the roger, thes dr. Genesis, start of this years book program. A number of years ago when it came under attack, we brought roger in and he resolved it and kept it running. Roger is a colonel in the regiment. If you are a tanker, you know what regiment im talking about. Im not a tanker. Im an engineer. In the last row, and some of you have heard this story before, is a retired general, but in the opening days of world war ii, this individual was stationed in greenland as an army weatherman. Back then i think you were a tech sergeant, who had launched the balloons. He was in charge of launching the balloons. That was the day the balloon went over and eisenhowers weatherman gave him the balloon report. Outside of being a distinguished fellow and a great mentor of many officers, we are pleased to have you and your wife here. We go back to when i was a cadet. We have other former authors here. Dr. Bob sorely, thank you for being here. The rules of engagement are you were all frisked on the way in, so we know there are no tomatoes, there are no eggs. We will take questions from the floor or pass the microphone around, and we will do that at the conclusion of each of the two sessions. That way the authors can be quizzed or asked to explain. Without any more of me banging on, our first panel deals with controversial and unconventional leaders in the army. We have quite a melange of leaders in the first books. David, over to you. David ok. Thanks for having me. Before i start, i would like to thank joe craig for setting all this up as well as the University Press of kentucky for publishing my book. This book goes back a few years. The process of writing it was very quick. It was from contract to publication about two years. The origin of the book goes back to when i was in grad school, just graduated undergrad, and i met with martin bloomington, who some of you may know. He was a third u. S. Army historian in world war ii and the leading patent biographer. It was his discussions, usually over a gimlet at his house, to talk about two things close to his heart, general mark clark, which i wrote a book on a few years earlier, and then patent patton. He really enjoyed patton. His papers were on the bestsellers list. We would talk about in regards to a dissertation, what should i write about, he said right about clark, and when youre older, right about patton in world war i. The reason was he felt no one in worlded on patton war i. Theres a lot of good books on patton. Theres a lot of bad books on patton as well. I thought it went along with his theme of unconventional. Patton is a very controversial figure, and that stems from world war ii. He had the slapping incidences that still hurt his career, his legacy, but when most americans talk about george patton, they think of George C Scott in front of a plaque, and that is not actually george patton. As hard as it is to see, george c. Scots impersonation, his acting is a little different than the real george patton. One of the reasons i wrote patton world war i as this is an honest assessment of george patton. In 19171918, he is a Second Lieutenant, then a captain, and he was a very avid writer. He wrote to his wife very often sometimes three times a day. And he kept a diary journal. If you read it, he is very aware he is going to be famous and years from now historians will read this, and his diary journals, when you read them, you have to take them with a big scoop of salt because its not really it is for historians 50 years down the line. In world war i, he is just a Second Lieutenant that becomes a Brigade Commander colonel at age 33. He is a cog in the machine, just one guy, and he does not really know exactly where he will be in the historical sense, so his diaries are much more honest, much more useful for historian. When i started researching patton in world war i, what became very clear is he is a very professional, very competent officer, and i teach at the command general staff college. We have a lot of majors come through. Patton was around the same age as most of my students. Theres a lot of specialty branches, and patton was given basically the job of establishing the u. S. Army tank corps as a captain by himself. He was told to pick a tank for the u. S. Then, when you pick it out, i want you to write a paper on it and say what we need to improve and send it to the american manufacturers. Then, your next job is to figure out where you are going to build the training grounds for the tank school, and patton had to actually pick the ground, draw designs for it, then negotiate with the local community to purchase it. When the land was purchased, he had to develop the training program, and when the tanks finally started to show up later than they were supposed to, patton is the only one that knows how to drive a tank. What it shows you is this young officer was highly competent. In world war ii, he is viewed as kind of this gunslinger. Maybe he does not plan logistics, his staff is not as good, but patton showed at a very early age he was very competent and knew exactly what he wanted. As a young captain, he goes to france and figures out what tank to use. He likes the french rental renault tank. He likes anything french. His wife was educated in french. He picked it because it was a little more reliable. Patton will write a 50page tank paper. In it, it is good engineering work. It goes into everything from how to drive the tank to how to look outside the tank. Patton is the one that realized that she was about six foot, six foot one that the europeanmade tanks were too short for americans. He basically increases the height and inch and a half, two inches on every renault tank. He has his hands in all of this. Also, what i got into is patton is very famous for his world war ii speeches. A lot of profanity. One of the underlying themes of my book is to kind of discuss how patton became george see scott in front of a flag. What happen here is he creates that image in 1917, 1918. , because he is really playing a part. A lot of it was inspired by john pershing, who he was an aid for and fought very hard to get on his staff and will fight very hard to get out of his staff. One thing consistent about patton in both world wars is he wants metals and he wants command, and he is in a pretty good position as pershings aid to camp. Everyone knows purging is going to be the man for americans, but he goes out on his own and establishes the tank corps. He will do a remarkable job and participate in two operations. One major operation is where he will be wounded. The reason he gets wounded is because he was very impressive. Aggressive as he has a reputation for in world war ii, he believes leaders, commanders, officers lead from the front. With patton, he will get in a little trouble with his boss, a Brigadier General they never got along great. Dropping back was a little older, a little quieter, but he was in many ways the perfect man for the job because he kept patton a little bit out of trouble. He kept him on administrative out of administrative work, which he did not want to do. Patton will never say too many nice things about his old boss. Its an example of how he became a great leader in world war i and how it affects world war ii. Im going to read you a letter sam, written to beatrice patton, George Pattons wife. By this point, patton is a hero, normandy has happened. The war in europe is beginning to close, and rockenbach wrote this letter to his wife asked laney how he had changed from world war i to world war ii and i will read this slowly because general rockenbach is not a good typist. There are some letters missing and some gaps. Written onetter february between third, 1945. Here it goes. He was, in my humble opinion, a son, and i did not spare a rod and training him for the great things i believe he was capable of. I remember warning him on the eve of the first attack that he was in command of a brigade and that it was his duty to see that his supply of gas, grease, and ammunition was kept up with, that there was no question of his personal courage, that his expression that i had not impressed upon him, and i remarked i am serious. If tomorrow i find you in a tank doing the work of a private, i will believe you on the spot. Relieve you on the spot. Patton remarked to me if i find you on a tank the next day, patton led from on top of a tank. His chief lieutenant heard the remark and let his battalion on foot. Led his battalion on foot. He continues with the letter and closes with this. He goes on july 1944 on the eve of the invasion of normandy, i read a speech by patton to his third army. In it, patton said an army is a team. It lives, sleeps, eats, fights the team. As a team. This individual heroic stuff is a lot of crab. P. It ends with this. In 1917 and 1918, patton was an individual anxious to show his courage and oppress his men with his personal daring. In an attempt to make him use his brigade as a team, he was warned against fighting as a private enter fight as a brigade , not as an individual. What rockenbach gets is patton needed world war i. At the end of the war, patton writes that he believes he could now command a division in combat, and he will wait anxiously for the next war, and you all will know the rest of that story because that has been well done, but without world war i, the patton we know, the george see scott image in front of the flag, probably does not happen. It is that experience in world war i that got him to be who he is. That concludes my remarks. Thank you. [applause] mr. Stroup for our next author, im going to start his presentation off with a quick. Who was general holland . Who was general holland . Theres no answer required from the floor, but think about that. A not very well known American General of postworld war ii, participated in korea japan and then korea. The book sheds a lot of light. Michael . Michael thank you, sir. First, i would like to thank ausa, joe craig, and roger cirillo, the university of kentucky, and katie downstairs manning the booth. And my fellow presenters for the opportunity to be here today, and also especially for those of you who took time out of lunch to come here. To get directly to general stroups question, who was net omen and what we know about him . To line he belong to the he belonged to line he belong to the generation of Senior Officers who came of age in world war i. He is noted for his cando attitude, his natural aggressiveness, demanding personality, sometimes selfserving nature, qualities that later earned him the sic em ned. Ikki his early military life differed little from that of his contemporaries. Ambition and the drive to xl made he and his peers stand out as young officers. In a career spending spanning 35 years in three wars, he despite strong leadership as a Battalion Division and corps commander. He also had a reputation for aggressive ambition, impatience, racial prejudice, and insecurity. In every position allman held, he earned the respect of his superiors, including generals george see marshall, douglas macarthur, and matthew the b. Ridgway. Ok. There we go. Almond is not quite as well known today as some of his contemporaries, but he has a poor reputation among military historians. What we think we know about allman now is largely the result of one or two data points that have been repeated over and over over the past couple of decades. This book examines almond in the context of his time and finds there is much more to him than we think we know. His racist reputation overlooks his devotion to training his troops. His relationship with macarthur gained him advancement and notoriety, but macarthurs trust was well placed. Allmans aggressive qualities and him the respect of his earned him the respect of his peers. Many incorrectly inferred a hatred of the marine corps from his conflict with one marine commander, and that obscured his actual antipathy for the air force. [laughter] mr lynch allmans reputation may be seen different lien differently in historical context, but he was and is undeniably a controversial character. His boyhood set the life and path for his military career. The Virginia Institute with its strong confederate and military influences shape his outlook. Allman graduated third in his class in 1915, but via my cadets vmi cadets were not automatically commissioned then as they were today. After the United States enters a war, the rapidly expanding army also quickly grew its officer corps. Allman competed for a commission in november 1916 and reported to the very first cf class at Fort Leavenworth shortly after. He commanded the 12 machine gun battalion during and after world war i. Combat taught him some enduring lessons about the value of training he would use for the rest of his life. Allman also began to exhibit some of those professional traits that became the hallmarks of his career aggressiveness, personal courage, commitment to his mission. Almond finished the war as a temporary major, having been awarded a citation and a loom badge, which in the reviews of army declarations during the 1920s came a silver star and purple heart. The years after world war i were good for almond. After an rotc pms assignment, he had he completed the advanced course and remained as an instructor. He taught in the Tactics Department where his experiences as a machine gun Battalion Commander caught the eye of the assistant commandant of the infantry school, Lieutenant Commander george see marshall. George c. Marshall. His performance their mark him as a martial man and destine him for the future success he would see. After the command general staff school, he moved to manila where he pioneered a technique for crossing a river using only the battalions organic equipment. He began his transition to the armys Senior Leadership of attendance at the u. S. Army war college where his classmates included major omar bradley, with whom he had also taught at fort benning, william helsley, and 46 other future flag officers. After graduation, he was assigned to the War Department general staff. His love for training was rooted in his own thirst for knowledge, and he lobbied hard for the chance to attend both the air force tactical school, a predecessor of the air force war college, and the naval war college. He did very well in all of his academic assignments. This, unfortunately, earned him a teaching spot at the naval war college. He turned down the assignment in order to go back to general staff, and the six core where he spent the last year of the war preparing for the largescale operations that he would have to mount in the next war. Allman initially made his mark on history almond initially made his mark on history and we started to catch up with him. One of the only two africanamerican commissions raised during world war ii and the only one that deployed and was imported employed as a full division. The division originally had all by officers but began to receive African American officers shortly after and initiated. The army recognized his skills as a trainer when selecting him. That too was part of his story. No white officer sought this assignment, but having received mission, almond threw himself into it. General marshall had recognized that commanders of black troops should be selected with even greater care than others, and allman believe he possessed the knack that marshall required. Almond harbored bigoted attitudes against africanamericans, but he was not alone in either the u. S. Military or civilian society at the time. Most contemporary Senior Leaders shared similar low opinions of black mens abilities to fight effectively. The nation itself was undeniably racist, and segregation was the law of the land. The years since that were have war have seen the glorification of the greatest generation when with all racist notions and ideas whitewashed. Much has been made, but little was known about the challenges he faced in commanding large africanamerican units in a racially segregated army and society. When he activated the 92nd division, 77 years ago, tomorrow, at fort mcclellan, alabama, it was split among four bases. No civilian community wanted large numbers of black soldiers in their midst, so the regiments trained individually at camp robinson, arkansas, cap atteberry in indiana, and camp wreck and in kentucky. Breckenridge, kentucky. He dealt with all the challenges his brothers did an additional challenges of the separation of his units and segregation on those posts. Many of those problems, once the unit was able to consolidate after many months of training, was chosen specifically because it was so remote from other white communities. Many of the problems that had developed, incubated in the regimental size camps became magnified when the unit got together as a whole. In combat, the 92nd Infantry Division initially did well. Against the advice of the War Department, almond had to work very hard to get permission to deploy the division and was concerned about how well the soldiers would do. He argued strenuously they should be allowed to deploy. The division deployed to italy where it initially served well. However, it began to fall apart in the spring of 1940 five, and he had some Serious Problems 1945, and he had some Serious Problems there. By the end of the war, the 92nd Infantry Division had gained a white regiment and the 42nd infantry, the nisei division, finished the war as the most diverse division in the army. After the war, almond was given command of the second Infantry Division, initially designated to go to japan for the invasion. The war ended, so almond stayed with the division for a few months. He then went to japan to serve on the staff of General Macarthur at far east command. Almond received his greatest accolades for the men except number 15, 1950. On september 15, 1950. The surprise move temporarily shifted the momentum to the u. S. Forces during the early days of the korean war. He led the race to the aloof, commanding his core and a south korean core. Few addressed the challenges he faced in korea, such as the sheer scope of the mission. When the chinese entered the war and sent the u. S. Army into retreat, he mounted one of the largest evacuations in history, evacuating over 100,000 u. S. And korean soldiers and marines, in addition to another 100,000 Korean Refugees in one of the largest evacuations in history. After itis happened had claimed the lives of soldiers and marines. He joined the army where he gained the respect of ridgeway. It suited his style perfectly and he called him best for the commander. His final military assignment was on the war college, where he left an indelible impression on the institution and many of the ideas that he brought to the college are still in place today. Always as i said, student of his craft. He is now often viewed as the armies army plus racist. He reflected the attitude of the army in society. The existing history overlooks his personal side. He was a devoted family man. He is not immune to personal tragedy and lost both his son and soninlaw, killed in combat six months apart. Spawned a break loving grandfather. These contradictions make him a complex man and indicate the need for much more nuanced perspective. This presents a more complex complete picture of this flawed man, yet gifted officer. One of the best quotes to understand his personality was given by one of his friends. When it paid to be aggressive, he was aggressive. Cautious, to be thank you very much. Our next author will be at the end of world war two. Had theprivilege privilege of serving as an assignment officer. That is when i got to know him closely. It was the wee hours on one april 9 in 1945 and there was a boy out on the bridge in pappenheim, in southern germany. Despite a mop of blonde hair and piercing blue eyes, he is stateless, a citizen of no country because he was born in poland, to parents who are polish. He is also a refugee. His parents apartment was hit by bombers and came calmly down around them, forcing them to live in cellars and move to sewers for weeks on end. When the uprising finally finished, his family grabbed whatever belongings they can carry and fled here in october of 1944, to live off the charity of relatives. To findgee boy had yet a safe haven. The end of the war was approaching. Reports have been filtering in that troops were descending southward into the area. Earlier that evening, the vocal militia gathered up all ablebodied people and told them to report here to the bridge over the river. Dismantle the beer bridge, they commanded. As they labored alongside the he cannot go alone. And the family lost contact with him. His mother was also absent. Likely out on another nail biting search on news of his husbands whereabouts. They continued working frantically through the night, caught between the dark skies above and the cold depths of the river below. Between the watchful eyes of officers and the riverbank behind and the fear that bombs or ordinance would rain down from the skies in front. Bridgeing drew near, the partially disassembled. Not long after the first glimmer, the refugee boy paused his efforts. He glanced across the river. That is when he saw them. There, on the opposing banks, the lead scouts. These were his first americans. He was resting his eyes on u. S. Soldiers. He was inspecting the joint force honor guard with president bill clinton. For today was his retirement ceremony. Down. Stepping marvell. Ew how did that refugee boy who stood out on this bridge in did he become how a part of the worlds worst most powerful military. Project,started this almost 10 years ago, i had very little knowledge or understanding of the u. S. Military. I have a phd in political science. I have done asian policy and politics all my life. I came back to the states and was working and general was on board. Three unusual things about his life. What a childhood, living in europe and going through world war ii. I have a picture here. This is john when he was six years old or so. And johns, older brother, who retired as a colonel. He had a sister, alexandra. The second thing that caught my eye is he has an astounding family ancestry. Not too many people know he came from royalty. Was born he came from a long line of princes that extend back to the 1400s in georgia. If you notice, in the upper righthand corner, that is the symbol for the chamberlain of the royal georgian court. It is a key military position in held. A that many princes they held in the mid1700s. And the last to do so was this and his greatgrandfather namesake. During the crimean war, he reportedly fought with such distinction that alexander the second reportedly awarded him she a gold saber, which appended to his name. He went on to retire as the major general. General dimitri for in the military for four Different Countries. First during world war i, he fought with bazaar. Then, the military of georgia. Bye georgia was reannexed russia, the soviet union, he became polish. A polish officer. During world war ii, he fought with the germans. Woman whoe met the would be his wife. R. Nt missy her family background was more flabbergast thing. Ing. She dissented from this man. Adam. Admiralhe first russian to circumnavigate the world. His maternal grandmother was born here. Why was she born there . Her mother and great aunt served in the last russian court. I have a great picture here. Thatis the grandparents czar nicholas drew in 1903. Here is general powell. You have to have patentesque qualities to be a great general. You dont need you do not need to rattle rave or be an arrogant jerk to be successful. Pulled from news reports in 1993 when he was nominated, he was lowkey,id to be informal, a consensus elder who understands teamwork. Is willing to examine options. Someone extraordinarily sensitive in terms of caring for people. Someone whose humility was bone deep. Who balanced compassion, a man who was a norma slade love. His answer, i do not like confrontation. To understand what made this man tick. How do you become such a person that people say such glowing things of . Iihaps his world war background that his family ancestry somehow informed the reputation that he would have as an officer. All three of these things play in his rise to the chairmanship . In 2010, i did something that might be unthinkable to some. I quit my fulltime job and began research. In 2011, i put my belongings in storage, packed up my car, and set out on a crosscountry research tour. Traveled tohave three dozen cities in three Different Countries including the United States, england and germany. I haveed asked accessed two restricted archives. I have interviewed well over 300 people. General shall he himself, his wife and son. Brother, sister, childhood friends from europe, high school and college classmates. People who served with him from when he was a private in the late 50s all the way up to when he was chairman of including president clinton, madeleine albright, and others. Time, i couch served and occasionally lived out of my car. All in order to find out how did that boy on the bridge become chairman of the joint chiefs of staff. It finally happened. The book is out. General, and il am an unusual military biographer. This is really about the journey to the top and not the destination. Anave tried to write it in engaging style. Think of lauren hildebrands unbroken peer he has a lot of leadership left. Everybody needs to hear whether they are in the military or the civilian sector. I do want to thank jackie oneill. Craig, one ofrge the first people i interviewed. Thank you. Ause] instead of moving onto the next trilogy of authors, we are going to take questions. I had asked, if you have a question, if your mobile please go to the microphone. Address the panel. With comments or questions. Lots of times questions precede comments. A questiontom smith, about patton. Was on his way to europe to get involved in the great war and was diverted to camp cole to train the take core. What was the relationship with patton in terms of the training that was given . It was similar. Eisenhower was a Lieutenant Colonel ultimately. Patton was a full colonel. The pretty much same jobs, one was stateside the other was overseas. Were not not quite buddy buddy as they would become later but they did the same thing. Called, theres not much of anything left there. I got into a little bit of that in the book. Pretty similar to what they were doing overseas. Onceifference was patton once he had enough soldiers led the brigade while eisenhower never had the chance. After the war ended, eisenhower was concerned it would impact his career. That was also people thought patton was going to be the Supreme Commander but, it is funny how it works out. The jobs were pretty similar. In bob sorely. Am bob sorely. For small, you are my kind of guy. I have to say, that is a brilliant title. What is the most surprising generalu learned about shali . We were in the heidelberg at px. We used animals so the kids could help their parents identify with a particular car. What a guy. Aughter] are you satisfied, dr. Sorely . That was a good answer. There any further comments or questions . Does everybody know, and understand, and take a quiz as to who general are asked general almonds . The book was an eyeopener. Should we move along . I think the group would love to hear more about general almond. I was wondering if you could speak a little bit to his work with george marshall. Met thenaid, he first Lieutenant Colonel marshall at fort benning when he was an instructor. From at that time in the army, there were a lot of intellectual discussion army was weapons the using. Especially the machine gun. He had commanded a machine gun battalion. He was in the thick of that. Articles inting various journals and those sorts of things. He was also very detail oriented for his entire life. He learned i say he learned the value of training. What hady learned happened in this army with soldiers who were not as welltrained as they perhaps needed to be. She learned a lot about checking training. I think that is what caught eye. Lls he was detailed and thorough in his training method. Later on, what made him what i think made marshall think that he had the knack is that ability to train soldiers to get them to where they needed to be. Marshall understood that we needed very good trainers for africanamerican soldiers. They have a very different problem set then different than dealing with white soldiers. That is why he selected almond. In your research on general patton . I mean this question is not related to world war i, but i think it similar to world war i. What do you remember about his being on the olympic team . The famous on the pick team. To his dying day, patton thought he won. Last competition was pistol shooting. They never found his round. Was thelater told it way i interpreted it was a little bit in just. Pistol shooting. It was the decathlon. Wentgued that his bullet through the target where another bullet had went first and that it was a perfect shot. Or fifth. D fourth the running was his hardest event. Shipained on the boat, the , he almost killed himself. To his dying day he thought he led. East meda that was an interesting 1912 olympics. No further are questions, we will do a switch of panel members. Thank you all very much for a great presentation. Applause] announcer American History tv is on social media. Follow us at cspanhistory. This weekend on real america, apollo 12. A nasa documentary showing the story of the second manned mission that blasted off 50 years ago on of ember 14, 1969. Heres a preview. Ignition sequence start. 2, 1, 0. 3, all engines running. Commence liftoff. Apollo 12 lifted off in the driving rain. The program is in. Clear tower clear. This baby is really going. 36 seconds later, lightning struck the spacecraft. What happened here . We had everything in the world dropout. Lights, 80 plus overload, mein busby is out. Main bus b. We have had a couple of cardiac arrests down here too, pete. Thing, [itell you one ndiscernable] they checked out the systems to be sure the lightning had caused no damage that would endanger the mission. The burn to send apollo 12 to the moon. Translunar injection, tli. Apollo 12, houston, the good word is the good news is you for tli. We did not train for anything else, pete. You had Better Believe it. The rest is go. The burn looks good. Off, apollone cut 12 was on its way to the moon. [indiscernible] conrad collected a geological sample. [indiscernible] these are weird. [indiscernible] apolloh the entire film, 12, pinpoint for science, sunday at 4 00 p. M. Eastern on real america. Past herer nations on American History tv. Next on the civil war, dan welch discusses the 1862 full of secession bill. A union attempt to wrestle control. Meantlling this area access to charleston, south carolina. An indispensable cassette or indispensable confederate port city. He is the coauthor of the last road north, a guide through the gettysburg campaign, 1863