Of the world, new horizons to industry, and new careers to youth. For air transportation has proved itself a vital factor in the social and Economic Life of modern civilization. It is a rapidly expanding industry embracing many trades and professions, an industry employing thousands of persons. For example, to keep each airliner in the air, over 100 workers are needed on the ground. Many of these are engaged in office work. Of this number, the Reservations Department comprises a specialized group. It is here that flight schedules, rates, reservations, and related subjects are communicated to the public by telephone. The work is interesting but requires tact, sales ability, and a pleasant, well modulated voice. Another reservations job is at the ticket counter. Here, however, the duties include the actual issuing of tickets through direct personal contact with the public. As in many departments, the work is handled in shifts. Aroundtheclock service characterizes the industry. Boardsengers can now their plane. Narrator the welfare of the passenger is of paramount importance. To care for his needs, men known as transportation agents are employed. Welltrained in government and airline regulations, they have often gained experience in previous jobs such as cargo agents, reservation agents, or similar work. Through onthejob training, they learn how to prepare slight Flight Movement reports and coordinate the dispatching of passengers, mail, baggage, and freight. Transportation agents contribute to the safety of the Airline Operations by determining the proper weight distribution of cargo. The operation of an airline requires countless messages to coordinate all departments. This is generally done by teletype and radio. Many of the teletypists are women, a large number of whom obtained training in commercial schools. Accuracy and speed, as well as a knowledge of airline codes, is necessary. Although important, their work does not require the extensive training demanded of the Radio Operator. In addition to operating, he must be able to maintain and repair radio and telephonic equipment. He must hold a radio telephone secondclass license or better issued by the federal communications commission. The Radio Operator keeps in close touch with planes in flight, advising them on such things as operational details and weather conditions. Using weather balloons and various recording devices, the United StatesWeather Bureau gathers nationwide climatic information and sends it via teletype to Airlines Across the country. The information is charted, analyzed, and interpreted into weather forecasts by the airlines meteorological department. This work requires specialized College Training and unusual accuracy and judgment. The key figure in all Flight Operations is the flight superintendent. He is the man who decides whether the planes will fly or not. He releases all planes on his division, follows their progress in the air, and keeps the captains or pilots advised of conditions affecting their flight. The flight superintendent, together with the captain, plans each flight in detail. This exacting work calls for a pilot who is also a qualified dispatcher certificated by the Civil Aeronautics Authority. In addition, he must have an accurate knowledge of communication facilities. His responsibility is great for he coordinates all Flight Operations to achieve these objectives safe, swift, and dependable air transportation. The safety of operations also depends upon the proper maintenance of planes. For this reason, many skilled mechanics must be employed. Their work is highly specialized. Those who direct or supervise such work must hold a federal government certificate and rating depending on the type of work they do. Mechanics qualified to supervise work on general maintenance, including dismantling, welding, fabricating, must hold what is called an a or aircraft certificate. Others who supervise engine work only are required by the Civil Aeronautics Authority to hold an e or engine certificate. But no matter what their chosen field may be, regular apprenticeship courses or equivalent technical schooling is required. However, planes need more than mechanical attention, for they must also be washed, cleaned, and polished. This general utility work calls for no special training and is done by Fleet Service helpers. Thus, only through regular and thorough maintenance, can the airline provide the service and schedules upon which the passengers depend. The arrival and departure of planes is regulated by dispatchers in the control tower. These men serve as traffic coordinators, keeping congestion on the field to a minimum. They are employed by the federal or local government and must hold a certificate which signifies their knowledge of airtraffic regulation. For those young men who enjoy working outdoors in all kinds of weather, there are opportunities as ground crewmembers. Vast work in refueling and servicing of planes is required. Ground crewmen and Cargo Handlers need little training but should be able to maintain simple records. Cargo handlers must know how to load cargo properly according to its destination. In other words, what comes out first should be loaded last. Yes, there are many workers essential to air transportation. But throughout this number, the flying crew is perhaps the most Colorful Group of all. An important and familiar part of this crew is the smiling hostess or stewardess who anticipates the needs of every passenger. A hostess must be a person of charm as well as capability. To qualify on most airlines, she must be healthy, single, and between the ages of 21 and 28. She must be between 52 and 56 and of normal weight. Girls who are accepted receive special training in the rudiments of flight regulation, air routes, meteorology, and aeronautics. To be eligible, at least one year of college or three years of equivalent business experience is necessary. A knowledge of Foreign Languages is becoming a definite asset with increasing Worldwide Air routes. When the passengers are aboard, the ground crew men clear away all Service Equipment in preparation for the takeoff. One by one, the huge engines roar into action as another giant of the air prepares to thunder down the runway. Many workers in all kinds of jobs have coordinated their efforts to make this flight possible. But without the skill and knowledge of the pilots, the plane would never leave the ground. These men with wings represent but a small number of all airline employees. Their qualifications are high. Perfect health is essential. They must have hundreds of hours in the air and an intimate knowledge of aeronautics and related subjects. The competition for this work is extremely keen and only those with unusual ability and experience can expect to find employment. The majority of Job Opportunities are found in however, freight and air express services are expanding rapidly to meet an increasing demand for transport of medicines, perishable food, furniture, and hundreds of other products. In the future, this branch of air transportation will offer employment possibilities for pilots as well as many others. Opportunities in air transportation are not restricted to Large Airline organizations. Many Small Companies and individuals maintain private planes providing transportation or Feeder Service between local points. In works such as this, there are jobs for pilots, field managers and airport engineers, mechanics and helpers, caa control tower operators, trainers, flight instructors, and many others. The need of training and education for the better positions and higherpaying jobs cannot be overemphasized. Colleges and specialized schools through the country maintain facilities for teaching different phases of air transportation. The armed offer exceptional opportunities for young men to acquire skill and experience in many aviation jobs. Technical books, trade magazines, and government publications provide current information and trends in air transportation, and airlines from coasttocoast maintain Training Programs for all types of work vital to this expanding industry. Obtaining employment will not be easy. Competition for jobs is great and the total number employed is comparatively small. However, the industry makes up this by the variety of jobs it offers. Individual qualifications are a deciding factor and if you want to learn and earn your living in a useful and romantic industry, air transportation presents a challenge and opportunity for your lifework. This is American History tv featuring archival films and classrooms,llege museums, and historic places. Exploring the nations past every weekend on the cspan3. This sunday on the presidency, we hear about Richard Nixons reforms of native American Government policies that led to the restoration of indian lands and a new era of selfgovernment. Here is a preview. Commentators say nexen was influenced by an earlier 1968 message from johnson. Some think he had read a 1969ehensive memorandum in to one of his most trusted advisors and directors speechwriting in the white house. I think there is a simpler and more accurate answer. Helddent nixon personally a very strong moral belief that policy natives american was destructive, discriminatory, debilitating and outright. Forced assimilation ran against everything in his moral core. But inot know him well, got sufficient glimpses of his thought processes and i can say with confidence that he personalized his belief and in this case, depersonalization related to his football coach at whittier college. The coach was a member of an indian tribe and the president said on more than one occasion that the coach had a profound influence on his life and inspired him and teammates to be selfconfident, competitive, and never give up. If you go back to those days, the president felt the coach had never given up, even though he was discriminated against. That was a time when native americans and other minorities were not selected as coaches for major football programs. Toy were not selected receive major owners as players. The president believed coach would have been an allamerican if it was a different time and that he would have been a coach at a Big Ten School in a different time. But it was not possible in those days. Ask and thought it was unfair and i heard him say that he promised himself that if he ever had a chance, he would right the wrongs against native american on b hatch on behalf of the coach. Program herewhole on American History tv. Next on the civil war, Kelly Hancock of the American Civil War museum talks about the 1863 richmond bread riots. She describes the inflation and scarcity of goods that led hundreds of poor and workingclass women to protest, as well as the trials and laws passed in the aftermath. The American Civil War museum provided this video