And thanks for joining us on. C span. American history tv well, it was at his 1933 inaugural in that elected president Franklin Roosevelt declared that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. And the longest serving president us history is the this week on our special series speeches that defined the presidency we will see that first and inaugural address its entirety and thats the Great Depression that gave way to world war he delivers 30 plus fireside chats and declares december 7th, 1941, as a day infamy. Now fdr doesnt live long enough to see the wars end dying just a few months before, so will conclude this of speeches that defined a presidency with Harry Trumans of the dropping of the atomic bomb on hiroshima, japan, in august of 1945. This cspan American History tv series speeches that defined a presidency. And here it is the beginning of a greatest drama in american affairs, the creation of a new chief executive. According to time honored custom the retiring president and the president like ride together from the white house with congressional escort down long and proud packed pennsylvania avenue, the capitol, where roosevelt is to. Take the oath of office, enthusiasm at its height. Never was this a joyful, jubilant, yelling, applauding inauguration from roosevelt is the nations idol here today 8000 americans are here to cheer the birth of a new era in national affairs. A new, new era which is supposed to pull the country out of it, pay off the host of are here to celebrate the Party Victory of all time and now everything ready for the big moment. He just as you are the United States supreme prepares to administer the of office to franklin d roosevelt. Now, here. Do Franklin Roosevelt do solemnly swear that you will faithfully execute the Office President of the United States and will to the best of your ability, preserve both and the constitution of the United States. So you god, i Franklin Delano roosevelt, do solemnly swear that i will faithfully execute the office of president of the United States and will do the of my ability for preserve, protect and defend the constitution of the United States. So help me god. That mr. Justice, my friends, this is a day of consecration. And i am certain that on this day, my fellow americans expect that on my induction into the president , i will address them with candor and a decision with the present situation of our people. Impels this preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, and frankly and boldly no need. We from honestly conditions in our country today this great nation will as it endured well above and will prosper. No, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself nameless, unreal and unjustified terror which paralyzes up till then. But retreat into it advanced in everything, all of our national life. Hey, leadership of franklin and a figure has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves, which is essential to victory. And i am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership and this critical day in such a spirit on part and on your we pray for our difficulties concerned. Thank god only material thing value values a front fantastic level taxes of risen our ability to pay a solemn government of all is faced by serious curtailment of income. The means of exchange of frozen in the current to pray the weather lives are the industrial enterprise lie on every farmers find no market for produce and the savings of many and thousands of families are gone. More they host an unemployed citizen face the grim problem existence and unequally number toil where the little return only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities the moment, and yet our distress comes from no failure of substance. We are stricken by now plague of locusts compared to the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and were not afraid. We have still much to be thankful for. Nature still offers bounty and human effort to multiply it plenty at our doorstep, but generous use of it languishes the very sight of the supply primarily. This is because the of the exchange of mankind would have failed through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence have admitted their failure and have abdicated practicing. Ill be unpopular and money changers brand indicted in the court, Public Opinion rejected by the hearts and minds of men whom they have tried, but their have been fast, and the pattern of an outworn tradition faced by failure of credit they have proposed only the lending of more money strips of the law of profit by which to induce our people to follow their first leadership. They have resorted to exhortations waiting carefully for a thought concern. They only know the rules of a generation of self because they have no vision. And when there is no vision, the people perished. Yes, the money changers fled from their place in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that temple for the ancient to. The measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social value, more noble than mere profit. Happiness lies not in the mere possession money. It lies in joy of achievement in thrill, of creative, other but joy, the moral stimulation work no longer be forgotten in the mad face of evanescence profit. These days friend jeremy worth all make better if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be administered unto, but to administer to ourselves, to our fellow man. Recognition of that, of the material wealth, of the standard success goes, hand in hand with the abandonment of the belief that office and high politics positions ought to be valued only by the standard of pride of place and personal profit and a must be an end to plunder in banking and in business, which too often has given a sacred trust. The of talent and self wrongdoing. Small that confidence languishes or it thrives only on honesty on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faith, perfection and, on unselfish performance. Without them it cannot live restoration calls, however not what changes in ethics alone this nation is asking for action and now. Our greatest primary task is to put people work. This is no one side of the problem. If we place it wisely and courageously, it can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the government itself, creating the task as we would create the emergency of a but at the same time through this employment accomplishing great greatly projects to stimulate in reorganize the use of great Natural Resources hand in hand. With that we must break their of a balance of in our industrial and by engaging on a National Scale in a redistribution endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those fit in the land. Yes, the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the value of home Agricultural Products and with this the power to purchase output of our cities. It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing loss through closure of our small hands, our farms. It can helped by a system that the federal, state and the local governments act forthwith on the demand that back cost be drastically. It can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are often scattered panic, economical unequal. It can be helped by National Planning for and supervision of all forms of transportation and of communications and other utilities that have a definitely public character. There are many ways in which it can be helped by it can never be helped by merely talking about. We must act. We must act quickly. And finally, in progress towards a resumption of. We require to safeguard against the return of the evils of the old order. There must be strict supervision of banking and and investment investment. There must be end to speculation other peoples money money. And. It must be provision for an adequate but counter currency. These my friends the lines of attack i shall presently upon a new congress in special session detailed measures for their fulfillment, and i shall immediate assistance have for 48 states. Through program of action, we address ourselves to our own National House in order and making balance. Our goal goal, our International Trade relations is though vastly important our end point of time and necessity secondary to the established model a sound National Economy economy. I favor as a practical the putting of first things first. I spare no effort to restore world trade by economic readjustment, but the emergency at cannot wait on that accomplishment. The basic force that guides these specific of National Recovery is not nationally or narrowly nationalistic is the insistence as a first consideration upon independence on the various parts of the United States of america, a recognition of the old and permanent important manifestation of the american spirit, of the pioneer. It is the way to recovery. It is the immediate way. It is the strongest assurance that recovery will endure in the field of. World policy. I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor, the neighbor who resolve openly respect himself, and because he does so respect the rights of others. The neighbor who respects his obligations. Andrus the sanctity of his agreement in and with a world of neighbors. I read the that the place we now realize we have realized before and our dependance on each other but we merely take but i must give as well. But if we are to move forward, we must move as trained and loyal army, willing to sacrifice for the end of a solemn because without such discipline, no progress can be no leadership becomes effective. We are all ready and to submit our lives and our property through such discipline, because it makes it possible in leadership which aims at the larger good this i propose to offer that during that the larger purposes will bind upon us bind upon all as a sacred with a unity of beauty hitherto evoked in times of armed strike. With this pledge taken, i assume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to our discipline depend upon our common problem action in this image action to this end is feasible under the form of which we have inherited from our ancestors. Our constant motion is so simple, so practical, that it is possible always to meet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement, without loss of a central form. That is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most enduring political mechanism. The modern world has ever seen. It does matter express a vast of territory of foreign wars, bitter internal strife, of world relation. And it is be hoped that the moment a balance of executive and legislative authority may be fully equal, wholly adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. But it may be that an Unprecedented Demand and need for underlay back may call for a temporary departure from normal balance. Public procedure. I am prepared under my constitutional to recommend measures that are stricken nation in the midst of the second world may these measures or other measures as the congress may out of its and wisdom, i shall seek within my Constitutional Authority to bring the speeded up, but in the event that the Congress Shall fail to take one of these two classes in event that the National Emergency is still critical, i shall not evade the clear that will then confront me. I shall ask the congress for the one remaining instrument to make the process broad. Executive power to wage war against the emergency as great as the power that would be given me if we were in fact invaded by foreign foes. Well, the press proposed in may i will return courage and the devotion that the time i can do no less. We face the arduous that lie before us in the warm courage of national with a consciousness of seeking old and, precious moral value with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern of duty by all the young alike. We we aim at the assurance of a round in a Permanent National life. We do not trust earth the future of a central democracy. The people of the United States have not failed in their need. They have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous act. They have asked for discipline and direction under the leadership they have made the present instrument of our wish. It in the spirit the gift i take it. In their dedication. Nobody we humbly let the blessing after may he a pack each and every one of them may me in the day to. My power. You. President roosevelt. The entire country is behind you, filled with hope and faith. We are prent my countrymen and, my friends, to the night. Myine is to speak to the whole of america until 430 oclock this morning. Had hoped against hope that some miracle would prevent a devastating war in europe and bring to an end the invasion of poland by germany before years a success of actual wars and constant crises have shaken the entire world and have threatened in each to bring on the conflict, which is today unhappily, in fact, it is right that i should recall to your minds they consist urgent and at times successful efforts of your government in crises to throw the full weight. The United States into the cause of peace in spite, spreading wars. I think that we have right and every reason to maintain as a national policy. The fundamental moralities the teachings of religion, the continuation efforts to restore peace because someday though the time may be distant, we can be even greater help to a crippled humanity. It is right to to point out that the unfortunate events of the recent years have without question been based othuse of force or the threat of force. And it seems to clear en the outbreak of this war, that the of america should be consist in seeking for a final peace, which will eliminate as far as it isosble to do so. They continue the use of force between natns it is of impossible to predict the future. I have my constant stream of information from american representatives, other sources throughout the you will the people of this country are receiving news through your radio and your newspapers at every hour of day. You, i believe, the most enlightened and the best informed the people in all the world at moment, you subjected to no censorship of news. And i want add that your government h information from which it withholds or which it has any thought withholding from you athe same time, as i told my press on fridais of the highest importance that the press and the radio use the utmost cauon to discriminate between actual verified factn one hand and mayor romer on the other. And i can add to that by saying that i hope the people of this country will also discriminate most carefully between news an roma do not believe of necessity everytng you hearr check up on it first. You must master at the outset. At the outset, a sime but unalterable fact in modern lation between nations, when peace has been broken in any way, the the peace of all countries is in danger. It is easy for and for me to shrug. I and say that conflict taking place thousands of miles from the continental United States and indeed thousands of miles from the whole american hemisphere, do not seriously affect the americas. And that all the United States has to do is to ignore them and go its own business passionately, though may desire detachment, we are forced to realize that every word that comes through the air every ship that sails the sea, every battle that is fought, does affect the american future, that no man or woman thoughtlessly or falsely talk of america sending armies to european fields at this there is being prepared a proclamation of neutrality. This would have done even if there ha been neutrality statute on books for this proclamation is in accordance with international and in accordance with american policy. This will be followed ba proclamation required the existing neutrality act and trust that in the days to come our neutrality can be made a cruel neutrality. It is of the utmost importance that the people of this country with the best information in the world, think things through the most dangerous of American Peace are those who, without wellrounded information on the whole broad subject of the past, e present and the future undertake to speak with assu auy, to talk in terms of glittering generalities, to give to tion assurances or promises which are of little present or future value. I myself cannot and do not prophesy the course of events abroad. And the reason is, is that because i have, of necessity, such a complete picture of what is going in every part of the world that i do not dare do so. And the other reason is that i think it is honest for me to honest with the people of the United States. I cannot prophesy the immediate economic effect of this new war on our. But i do say that no american has the moral right to profiteer at the expense either of his fellow citizens or of the men or the women and the children while living and, dying in the midst war in europe. Some things we do know, most of us in the United States believe in spiritual values. Most of us regard ideas of what church we belong to, believe in the spirit of the new testament, a greateaching which opposes itself to the use of force, of armed marching armies and falling bombs. The overwhelming masses of our people seek peace. Peace at home and the kind peace in other lands which will not jeopardize peace at home. We have certain ideas and certain ideals of national safety. And we must act to preserve that safety. Today and to preserve the of our children in future years that is. And will be bound up with the safety of the western hemisphere and of the seas adjacent thereto. We seek keep war from our own fire sides by keeping war coming to the americas, but that we have historic precedent that goes back to the days of the administrator of president george washington. It is serious enough and tragic enough to every American Family and every state in the union to live in a world that is torn by wars on other continents. And those wars affect every american home. It is our National Duty to use every effort to keep those wars out of the americas and this time let me make the simple plea that partizanship and selfishness be adjourned and National Unity be the thought that underlies all others. This nation will remain a neutral nation. But i cannot that every american remain neutral in thought as. Well, even a neutral has a right to take account of facts, even need neutral cannot. Asked to close his mind or close his conscience. I have said not once, but many times that i have seen war and that i hate war. I say that again and again. I the United States ll keep out of this war, i believe that it will. And i give you assurance and reassurance that every effort of government will be directed tord that end, as long as it remains whipower to prevent, there will be blackout of peace in. The United States. Senator and representative. I have the distinguished honor of the president of the united. Vice president. Mr. Speaker. Members of the senate of the house representatives. Yesterday, december 7th, 1941, a date which will live in infamy the states of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air of the empire of japan. The United States was at peace with that nation. And at the solicitation of japan was still in convoy sation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the pacific. Indeed, one hour after japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the american of oahu, the japanese are to the United States and his colleague delivered to our secretary of state a proud reply to a recent american message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing negotiation, it contained no threat or hint of war or armed attack. It will be recorded that the distance of hawaii from japan makes it obvious that attack was deliberately planned. Many days or even weeks ago during the intervening time, the government has deliberately sought to deceive the united by false statements and expressions of hope for continued. The attack yesterday on the hawaiian has caused Severe Damage to American Naval and military forces. Yesterday, the japanese government also launched an attack against malaya. Last night, Japanese Forces attacked hong kong last night Japanese Forces attacked guam last night forces attacked the Philippine Islands last night the japanese attacked waiheke island. And this morning the japanese attacked midway island. Japan has therefore undertaken surprise, offensive extending throughout the pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves the people. The United States have already formed their opinions and will understand implications for very life and safety of our nation. As commander in chief of the army and navy, i have directed that all measures be taken from the french, but always will uphold nation. Remember the character of the onslaught against us. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premed stated invasion, the American People in their right just might will through the absolute victory. I believe that i interpret the will of the congress and of the people when assert that we not only defend ourselves to the utmost, but will make it very certain that this treachery shall never again endanger our. Hostilities. It. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger with confer in our armed forces in with the unborn link the termination of people we will gain the inevitable triumph, so help us god. I that the congress declare that since the emperor and dashed bodily attack by on december seventh, 1941, a state of war has existed between the united and the japanese empire. It is in gentlemen, the president of the united. My americans. Washingtons birthday is the most appropriate occasion for us to. Talk with each other about things they are today and as we know they shall be in the future. Great year, general washington anhis Continental Army were faced contually with a formidable, large and recurring defeat. Supplies and equipment were lacking, in a sense eve winter was a ballet for. Throughout the 14 states there existed. Fifth columnists and selfish jealous men or four men were proclaimed. And washingtons cause was hopeless and that he should ask for and negotiate peace. Washington conducted those hard times as provided the model for americans ever since a moral a a moral stamina he held to his cause as it had been charted in the declaration of independence. He and the brave men who served with him that no mans life was was secure without freedom and free institutions, the presence present great has taught us increasingly that freedom of personal and security of property anywhere in the world depend upon the secure ority of the rights and obligations of liberty and justice everywhere in the world. This war is a new kind of war. It is different from other wars of the past. Not only this methodism of weapons, b also in its geography it is warfare terms of every continent, every island, every every aplane in the world. That is the reason why i have asked you te out and spread re you a map of the whole earth and to follow me in the references which i shall to the world encircling battle lines of this war. Many questions will fear remai unanswered tonight. But i know will realize that i cannot cover everything. In one short report to the people, the board whichav been heralded in the past as our protection from attack, have becomen dlessattle field on which we are constantly being challenged by. Ouenemies. We must all understand and face the hard fact that our jo now is to fight at a distance which extend all the way around the globe. We fight that these distances because that is where our animals are. Until our flow of supplies gives us clear, superior already. We must keep on striking our enemies where ever and whenever we can meet. Even if a while we have to gain ground. Actually, though, we are taking heavy toll of the enemy. Every day that goes by, we must fight that these vast distances to protect our supply lines and our lines of communication with our allies, protect these lines. The enemies who are bending every ounce of their strength straight ring against time to keep them the object of the nazis. The japanese is of to separate the United States britain, china and russia and to isolate them one from another, so that each will be surrounded and cut off from sources of supplies and reinforcements. Its the old familiar excess policy of divide and conquer. There are those who still think. However, in terms of the days of sailing ships they advise us to put our warships and our planes our merchant ships into our own home waters and concentrate solely on last ditch defense. But let me illustrate what would happen if we such foolish advice look at your map. Look at the vast area china where theres millions of fighting men. Look at the vast area of russia with its powerful armies and, proven military might. Look at the islands of britain. Australia, new zealand, the dutch in the india, the near east and the continent of africa, with their sources of Raw Materials, their resources, raw material, and the determined to resist domination. Look at all at north america, Central America and south america. It is obvious what would happen if all of great reservoirs of power were cut off from other either by enemy action or by self imposed isolation. First, in such a case, we could no longer send aid of any kind. China to the brave people of war. For nearly five years have withstood assault, destroy hundreds of thousands of japanese soldiers and vast quantities of japanese war ammunition. It is essential we help china in their magnificent and in her inevitable counter offensive for that is one important element in the ultimate defeat of japan. Secondly, if we lost communication with the southwest pacific, all of that area, including australia and new zealand and the doctrine would fall under. Japanese domination. Japan in such a case would release great numbers of ships and men to launch attacks on, a large scale against the coasts of the western hemisphere south america and america and north, including alaska. At the same time, she could immediately extend her in the other direction toward india through the indian ocean, to africa, to the near, and try to forces with and italy further had to stop sending munitions. The british and the russians in the mediterranean area, in the persian gulf and the red sea. We would be helping nazis to over turkey and syria and iraq and persia. Thats now called iraq and and the suez canal. The whole coast of, north africa itself. And with that inevitable the whole coast of, west africa putting germany within easy, striking of south america, 1500 miles away. What if, by such a fatuous policy, we ceased to protect north atlantic supply line to britain and to russia . We would help to cripple the splendid counteroffensive by russia against the nazis, and we would help to deprive britain of a central Food Supplies and munitions. Those americans believed that we could live under the illusion isolationism want the American Eagle to imitate the tactics of the us great. Now many of those people are afraid that we may be sticking our necks. Want our National Bird to be turned into a turtle. But we prefetoetain the as it is flying high and striking hard. I know. Speak fothmass of the American People. I say that we reject the turtle policy and wl ntinue increasingly the policy of carrying war to the enemy. In distant lands and distant as far as possible fr o own grounds, there are four main lines of communication now being traveled. Our ship, the atlantic. The south atlantic, the indian ocean and the south. These routes are not a one way street, so the ships that carry troops and munitions outbound will bring back a central Raw Materials which we require, for our own use the maintenance of these vital lines. Is a tough job. It is a job which requires tremendous daring command, resourcefulness and above all, tremendous production of planes and tanks, guns, and also the ships to carry them. And i speak a game by the American People when i say that we can and will do that job. The defense, the world wide lines of communication, demands compel relat to place safe use by us of the sea. The air along the various routes. And this in turn depends upon control by the United Nations of many strategic bases along the route control of the air in the simultaneous use two types of planes. First, the long range heavy bomber. And second, the light. The dive bomber the torpedo plane short range pursuit planes, all of which are a of the with and protect the bases and the bomber themselves. Heavy bombers can fly under their own power from here to the south pacific. Either way that the smaller planes cannot therefore these light up planes have to be packed in crates sent on board cargo ships. Look at your map again and you will see that the route is long and many places perilous, either across the atlantic, all way round south africa and, the cape of good hope or california to the east, the direct a vessel can make a round by either route in about four months or only three round trips a whole year. In spite of the length, in spite of the difficulties of this transportation i can you that in two and a half months we have a large number of bombers and planes manned by american and crews which are now in daily contact with the enemy in the southwest pacific and thousands american troops are today in that area engaged in operations not only in the air, but on the ground as well in this battle area, japan has had an obvious initial advantage. While she couldnt fly, even her short range planes to t pnt of att using many stepping a multitude of Pacific Islands and also bases on the china coast. Even though china calls and in thailand and japanese transports could go south from japan and from china. Through the narrow china sea which can be protected by japanese planes throughout its whole length. I ask you to draw maps again, particularly of that portion of the pacific ocean, west of hawaii. From the farthest war, even in the Philippine Islands where already surrounded on three sides by japanese power on the west, the china side, the were in possession of the coast of china and the coast of indo china, which had been united them by the vichy french on the north or the of japan themselves reaching down almost to Northern Luzon on the east of unmandated islands, which japan had occupied and its fortified in absolute violation of a written word islands that between hawaii and the philippines, these islands, hundreds of them apparently as dots on most maps, do not appear, but they cover a large strategic area. Guam lies, in the middle of them alone outpost which we have never thought. Under the washington treaty of 1921. We solemnly agreed not to add to the fortification of the philippines. We had no safe base there, so we could not use the islands for extensive naval operations. Immediately after this war, i started Japanese Forces moved down on either side, the philippines, more numerous points south of them, thereby completely insert the philippines from north and south and east and west. It is that complete certain with control of the air by a japanese land based aircraft, which has prevented us from sending substantial of men and materiel to the gallant defenders. The philippines for 40 years. The law has been our strategy a estrada. Borne of necessity that the event of a full scale attack on the islands by japan we should fight delaying action attempting retire slowly but turn peninsula and corregidor. We lose the war as a whole would have to be brought won by a process of a quick against japan itself. We knew all along that with our greater resources. We could ultimately outbuild japan and overwhelm iran. See and on land in the air. We knew that to obtain objective many varieties of operations would be necessary in areas other than the philippine philippine now nothing that has occurred in the past two months has caused us to revise this basic strategy of necessity, except that the defense up by General Macarthur has magnificently exceeded the previous estimates of endurance, and he and men are beginning glory. Therefore therefore. Macarthurs army of filipinos and americans and the forces of the United Nations, china and burma and the netherlands, eastenders are all together for filling the same central task while making japan pay an increasingly terrible price for our overambitious to seize control. The whole asiatic world ordering japanese transport sunk off java is one less transport that they can use to carry to their army. Opposing General Macarthur luzon. It has been said that japanese games the philippines were made possible only by the success of their surprise attack on pearl harbor. I tell you that this is not so. Even if the attack had not been made, your map will show that it would have been a hopeless operation and for us to send the fleet to the philippines profile of miles of ocean while all those island bases were under the sole control of. The japanese. The consequences of the attack on pearl harbor serious as they were have been wildly exaggerated in other ways. These exaggerations come originally from access propagandists, but they have been repeated, i regret to say americans in and out of public life. You and i the utmost contempt for americans who since pearl harbor have whispered or announced off the record that there was no longer Pacific Fleet, that the fleet was all sunk or destroyed and its morale more than a thousand of our planes were destroyed on ground. Well, its adjusted slightly that the government has withheld the truth about casualties, that 11 or 12,000 men were killed at pearl harbor instead of the ever officially announced. They have even served the enemy propagandists by the incredible story that shiploads of bodies of our honored american that were about to arrive in new york harbor ought to be put into a common grave. All every access brought to. Well in rome, tokyo directly quotes america them all by speech in the press, made damnable misstatements, such as these. The American People realize that in many cases the tales of operations cannot be disclosed until we are able. So ruthless that the announcement will not have to enemy military information, which it does not already possess. War government has unmistakable confidence in your ability to hear the worst without flinching or, losing heart. You must turn have complete confidence that your government is keeping nothing from you except information that will help the enemy in his to destroy us. In a democracy. There is always a solemn pact of cruelty between and the people. But must also always be a full use of discretion. And that word discretion applies the critics of government as well. This is war. The American People want know and will be told the general trend of how the war is going. But they do not wish to help the enemy any more than our fighting forces do. And they will pay little attention to the mongers and the poison peddlers in our midst. The past from the realm of roman poison to. The field of fact, the number of our officers and men killed in the attack on pearl harbor on december seven was 2340, and the number wounded. Was 946. Of all of the combatant ships based on pearl battleships have a cruisers light cruisers aircraft destroyers and. Only are permanently put out of commission. Very many the ships of the Pacific Fleet were even in pearl harbor. Some of those that were there were hit very slightly and others that were damaged by the read the fleet by now or are still undergoing repairs and when those repairs were completed the ships will be more efficient. Fighting machines than they were before. There are parts that will be lost. More than a thousand planes at pearl is a baseless. We further read rumors. The japanese do not know just how many they destroyed that day. And i am not going to tell them. But i can say that to date and including pearl harbor, we have destroyed considerably more japanese planes than. They have destroyed of our we have most certainly suffered losses from hitlers uboats in the atlantic, as well as from the japanese and the pacific. And we shall suffer more of them before the of the tide. But speaking for the United States of america, let me say once and for all to the people of the world we americans been compelled to, but we regain it. We and the other united are committed to the destruction of the military tourism of japan and germany. We are dealing increasing our strength. Soon, we and, not our enemies, will have the offensive. We not they will win the final battle. And we are not. They will make the final peace conquered. Congratulations in, europe know that the yoke. Let the yoke of the nazi just light and the people of korea and of manchuria know in their flesh the harsh despotism of. Japan. All of the people of asia know if there is to be an honorable and decent future for any of them or any of us that future depends on. Victory by the United Nations over the forces of access enslavement. If a just and durable peace is to be attained, or even if all of us are merely save our own skins, there is one thought for us here at home to keep up all the turmoil of our special task production on interrupted production. I stress that word until it. Germany, italy and japan are very close to their maximum output of planes and guns and tanks and ships. The United Nations are not, especially the United States of america. Our first job then is to build up production, uninterrupted production, so that the nations maintain control of the and obtain control of the air. Not merely a slates, but an over whelming superiority. On january of this year, i certain definite goals of production for airplanes, tank guns and ships. The axis propaganda. Lets call them fantastic. Tonight nearly, two months later. And after careful survey of progress by Donald Nelson and others charged with the responsibility for our production. I tell you that those goals will be a pain in every part of the country. Experts in production and the men and women that work in the plants are giving Loyal Service with few exceptions labor, capital and farming. Realize that this is time either to make undue profits or to gain special advantages. One over theer we are calling for a new plants and additions. Additional to old plants. We are for a plant conversion. The war needs. We are seeking more men and more women to run them. We are working longer hours. We are coming to realize that one extra plane or equip tank or extra gun or extra ship compared may in a months. Turn the tide on some distant battlefield. It may make the difference between life and death for some of our own fighting men. We know now that we lose this war, it will beenations, or even centuries before, our conception democracy can live again and we can lose. This war only if we slow up our effort or if we waste our ammunition sniping at each other. Eros three high purposes. Every american one we shall not stop work for a single day. If any dispute arises, we shall keep on working. While the dispute is by mediation or conciliation or arbitration until the war won to whom we shall not special gains or special privileges or special for any group or occupation. Three we shall give up and modify the routine of our lives if our country asks to do so. We will do it cheerfully, remembering that the common enemy seeks destroy every home and every freedom in every part of our land. This generation of americans has to realize with a present and personal realization, that there something larger and more important than the life of any individual or of any individual group, something for which a man sacrifice and gladly sacrifice, not only his pleasures not only as good, not only his associations, those he loves, but his life itself in time of crisis, when the future is in the balance, we come to understand full recognition and devotion what this nation is and what we owe to it. The axis propagandists have tried in various evil ways to destroy, to terminate, and our morale failing, and that they are now trying to destroy our confidence in our own allies. They say that the british are finished, but the russians and the chinese are about to quit. Patriotic, sensible americans. We these absurdities and instead of listening to any of this crude propaganda, they will recall some of the things that nazis and japanese have said and are still saying about us ever since. This nation became the arsenal democracy. Ever since enactment of lendlease, there has been one persistent theme through all axis. This theme has been that americans are rich, that americans have considerable industrial power, but that americans are soft and decadent. That they cannot and will not unite and work and fight. From berlin, rome and tokyo, we have been described, as a nation of weaklings, playboys who would hire british soldiers or russian soldiers or chinese soldiers to do our fighting for them. Repeat that now. Let them tell that to General Macarthur and men. Let tell that to the sailors who today are hard in the far waters of the pacific. Let them tell that the boys in the plane fortresses. Let tell that to the marines. The United Nations constant Student Association of independent peoples of equal dignity and. Equal importance. The united are dedicated to a common cause. We share equally among equal zeal the anguish, the awful sacrifices of war and the partnership of our common. We must share, in a unified plan in withdraw. All of us must play our several parts. Each of us being equally indispensable and dependent. One on the other. We have unified and cooperation and comradeship. We americans will contribute even fight production and unified acceptance of sacrifice and effort. That means a National Unity that can know no limitations of race or creed or selfish politics. The American People expect that much from themselves. And the American People will find ways and means of expressing their determination to their enemies, including the japanese admiral, who has said that will dictate the terms of peace here in the white house. Where the United Nations or on certain broad principles and the kind of peace we seek, the Atlantic Charter applies not only the parts of the world that border the atlantic, but to the whole disarmament aggressors. So determination of nations and and the freedoms, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from one and freedom from fear. The british and the russian have known the full fury of nazi onslaught. But there have been times the faith of london and moscow was in serious doubt. But that was never the slightest question that the british or the russians would yield. And today, all the United Nations, the superb army, as it celebrates the 24th anniversary of its first assembly. Though their homeland was overrun the dutch people are still fighting and powerfully overseas. The great chinese have suffered grievous losses. Chongqing has been almost wiped out of existence existence. Yet it remains the capital of an unbeatable china. That is the conquering spirit which prevails throughout the United Nations in this war. The task of the america now face will test us to the utmost. Never before have we called upon by such a prodigious effort. Never before have we had so little time in which to do so much. These are the times that cry mens. Tom paine wrote those words on a drumhead by the light of a campfire. That was when washingtons little army of ragged, rugged men was retreating across new jersey. Having tasted not but defeat and general washington ordered that these great words written by tom paine be read to the men of every regiment in the Continental Army. And this was the assurance. Given to the First American army forces. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot. Well, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country. But he that stands now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny like hell is not easily. Yet we have this consolation with us that the heart, the sacrifice, the more glorious the prior so spoke america them in the year. 1776. So spake america today. Ladies and gentlemen, the president of the United States. My fellow americans. Last night when i spoke with you about the fall of rome, i knew that moment the troops of the United States, our allies, were crossing the channel in another and operation. It has come to pass with success thus far and in this poignant hour i you to join with me prayer. Almighty god. Our sons. Pride of our nation. This day, set upon the mighty endeavor. A struggle to preserve our public, our religion, and our civilization. And to set free a suffering humanity. Lead them straight and cruel gives strength to their arms, to their hearts, steadfastness in their faith. They will need thy blessings, their will be long and hard for the enemy is strong. He may hold our forces. Success may not come with rushing speed, but we shall return again and again. And we know that by thy grace and by the righteousness of our our sons will, triumph. They will be sought by night and by without rest until the victory is won. The darkness will be rent by noise and flame mens souls will be shaken with the violence of war. For these men are drawn from the ways of peace. They fight not for the last of conquest. They fight to end the conquest. They fight to liberate it. They to let justice arise. And tolerance and goodwill among all thy people. They. But for the end battle. For their return to the haven of home. Some will return. Embrace these. Father. And receive them. Thy heroic servants enter the kingdom. And for us at home, fathers mothers, children, wives, sisters and brothers, our brave men overseas who sought prayers ever with them help us, almighty god to rededicate and renewed in the in this our of great sacrifice. Many people have that i call the nation into a single day of special prayer. But because the road is long and, the desire is great. I ask that our people devote themselves selves and they continue a prayer as we rise to new day and again, when each day is spent. Let words of be on our lips, invoking thy to our efforts. Give strength to strengthen our daily task. To redouble the contributions we make. The physical and the Material Support of armed forces and our hearts be stout to wait out the long travail, to bask that may come to impart courage and our sun. Last however, they may be and oh, lord, give us. Give us faith in the faith in our sons. Faith in each other faith in our united crusade. Let not the keenness of our spirit ever be dulled. Let not the impacts of temporary of temper on matters. But fleeting moment. Let not these deter us in our unconquerable. With thy we shall over the unholy forces of our enemy. Help us to conquer fear of greed and racial arrogance. Lead. Lead us to the saving of our country. And with our nations into a world unity that will spell a sure peace, a peace to the scheming of unworthy and peace that will let all men live in freedom, reaping the just rewards of their toil. Thy will be done, almighty god. Amen. And youre watching the america in history tv series speech that defined the presidency well after fdr sudden in april of 1945. Harry truman finished his and he also finished pacific war by dropping to atomic bombs on japan. Heres harry truman talking about his decision to drop the bomb on hiroshima. A short time ago, an american airplane dropped one bomb on hiroshima and destroyed its usefulness to the enemy. That bomb, more power than 20,000 tons of tnt. The japanese. The war from the air at pearl. They have been repaired manyfold, and the end is not yet. Well, this bomb. We have now added a new revolutionary increase in destruction to supplement the growing power of our armed forces in their present firm. These bombs are now in production and even more power firms are in development. It is an atomic bomb. It is a harnessing of the basic power of the universe, the force from which the sun grows. This power has been loosed against those who brought war to the far east. We are now prepared to destroy more rapidly and completely every productive enterprise. The japanese in any city, we shall destroy their docks, their factories and, their communications. Let there be no mistake. We shall completely destroy japan. Power to make war. It was to spare the japanese people from utter destruction that the ultimatum of 26 was issued potsdam. Their promptly rejected ultimatum. If they do not now accept our terms they may expect a reign of war and from the air the of which has never been seen on this earth behind this attack. Well tell sea and land forces in such numbers and power as they have not yet seen and with the fighting scale of which they are already well aware. We have spent more than 2 billion on the greatest scientific gamble in history, and we have won. But the greatest marvel is not the size of the enterprise, its secrecy or cost, but the of scientific brains making it work and hardly less marvelous has been the capacity of to design and of labor to operate the machines and methods to do things never done. Both science and industry work under the direction of United States army, which achieved a unique success in an amazingly short. It is doubtful if such another could be what together in the world. What has been done is the greatest achievement of organized science in history. And this is American History tv special series speeches that defined the presidency. Next week, its Harry Trumans. 49 inaugural address, and well hear from Dwight Eisenhower on racial integration and the military industrial complex. A reminder that all of the speeches youre seeing on this series are available to watch online at cspan. Org slash