Transcripts For CSPAN3 The 20240703

Please me in thanking our panelists for very instructive. Thank. Well, good evening. Welcome and thank you for joining us this evening for what im sure will be a very stimulating session. My name is susan poser and im the president of Hofstra University. This Evenings Program will address the leadership and legacy of first Lady Michelle obama. Tonight, we will hear about the role that the first lady played in supporting president obamas election campaign. Advising him during his time in the white house and how she continues to influence american politics today. I want to thank the women in Leadership Advisory Board of Hofstra University for cosponsoring this event, and many of them are with us today. My role this evening is to moderate a Panel Discussion about with mr. Tina tchen, who served as chief of staff to the first lady. From 2011 to 2017. And in conversation with several members of the house, two faculty. So ill begin with brief introductions. Tina tchen currently serves as the executive Vice President and chief strategy and impact officer for the Obama Foundation. She served for eight years in the obama white house, first as the inaugural director of the White House Office of Public Engagement and then as chief of staff to mrs. Obama. Chen also served as the executive director of the White House Council on women and girls for eight years after the white house, she worked in the Chicago Office of the Buckley Law Firm and later served as the president and ceo of times up now and the times up, founder. The panel this evening also includes three hofstra professors who have scholarly expertise in womens studies, public communication policy making, education and Mental Health counseling all priority of Michelle Obama when she served as first lady. So far, this to your left. Dr. Lisa merrill is professor of writing, studies and rhetoric in the Hofstra College of liberal arts and sciences. Her research and publications are in the fields of performance studies critical race and Cultural Studies and womens and lgbtq history. Professor merrills publications have been awarded the jo Callaway Callaway book prize, the oscar bracket essay prize and the eclipse center. Visiting professors in north american studies at the british library. Sitting next to professor merrill is dr. Tomeka robinson. Shes a professor of rhetoric, rhetoric and public advocacy and the senior associate dean in the rabinowitz honors college. Her scholarship focuses primarily in the areas of health, culture and argumentation and debate. She is frequently invited to give lectures throughout the u. S. And brazil and regularly gives commentary to regional and National News organizations about issues of politics, health and race. Dr. Hollis serra, closest to me, holds a joint appointment as a professor in the department of counseling and Mental Health professions and educational leadership. Shes an active member of numerous professional and community organizations, has presented at regional, national and International Conferences and has authored or coauthored articles on topics ranging from the impact of hope, grit and resilience. Behavioral health, College Persistence and online pedagogy. So we will engage in this conversation with tina tchen for about 40 minutes, after which we will welcome questions from the audience, and we will conclude around 815. So. So mr. Chen. Here we are. I will lead off and i will just simply ask you, what were your responsibilities as the chief of staff to first Lady Michelle obama . Oh, well, thank you, susan. Thank you for inviting me and for having me here. Im going to actually answer a different question first, because to answer the chief of staff responsibilities, you have to ask your question what are the responsibilities of a first lady . Because one of the things we used to talk about is theres no statute. Right. Theres no statutory responsibilities as theres no regulation that sets up an office of the first lady. As we used to say, theres no salary that comes with the office of being first lady of the United States. And so entering into this, you know, you sort of come with a blank slate, you know, and hat and how to do that so that thats one piece that is the context for working in the east wing of the white house. And then similarly as chief of staff, that sort of follows i mean, obviously, you are the manager of the staff and we had our staff size. We kept actually very carefully at exactly the same number of staff that laura bush had, because we knew it was inevitable and it did happen where the critics would say shes got such a huge staff and it was like exact same as our predecessor. And so that included the social social office, which runs all of the events on the white house from the easter egg roll that just happened to large state dinners, to the press conferences. The president would hold it in the residence. We obviously had scheduling in advance for the for the first lady and but then, you know, we had various initiatives which will i know well get into and talk about and those morphed over time. And so then we had staff who worked with us on that. So theres that management piece. But then there is the strategy sizing and helping her figure out message communications, i forgot to mention, was in a hugely Important Department because how do we communicate and how do we project ourselves out into the world . And that morphed over time because we were also really the first social media presidency to ever happen. And she was a big part of the leading edge, i think, of how the Obama Administration portrayed itself in social media. Okay. So our next question will come from tamika. Yeah. So as the first africanamerican first lady, you knew this question was coming. She is constantly framed as being a role model for girls of color, and particularly for black and brown girls. How did she feel about this framing and how it was portrayed in the media . So, you know, its one of those things where and she has talked about this and written about i mean, when when youre a person of color and ive experienced this to you, live it your whole life, right . I mean, she was this first, you know, or the only or the one of only a few, you know, when she went to princeton, you know, when she was at harvard law school, when she was in sidley austin, at the law firm. So, you know, she youre very you grow up almost conscious of that. So it became sort of a part of, i think, who she was knowing that. But her commitment to young people also sort of matured. You know, it started even before the white house when she did her work at public allies, which was a not for profit in chicago, that she spent some time working as as the ceo, which inspires young people to do social service and that connection she always used to say that, you know, if she was tired or if, you know, a little cranky, that put her in a room with young people and that would be the solution. So we had lots of roundtables and lots of go to jumping jacks on these on the south lawn with young people. But she did understand that the role that she had would be very important. And so she used to say, you know, it was very interesting that we would we did this on the south side of chicago and roundtables with kids in anacostia in d. C. And overseas with kids, you know, young girls from just disinvested neighborhoods and she would explain that im like you, you know, i remember her saying this to kids. We werent a roundtable and the south side of chicago, you know, at a school that had experienced a tremendous amount of gun violence that was less than a mile away from where she grew up. And she had to explain to these kids a couple of times because they didnt believe or to say, i grew up a half a mile from here. I did. I walked these streets, the very streets that you walk on in this neighborhood and now here i am. And you can do that, too. But that was very much her message was this. And making really clear, explaining what the southside of chicago was to an overseas audience. Remember, she did that at the Mulberry School when we were in london with a school of immigrant bangladeshi girls. You know, to say, i understand that what youre doing is this let me paint you the picture of what growing up on the south side of chicago. Look like. So using her platform to do that was really important to her remains important to this day. And this is the thank you for being here. This is an exciting time, i think, for all of us. So we appreciate you being here. Im a performance historian, so its going to be a question based on some of that. Frederick douglass famously said if theres no struggle, theres no progress. Those who favor freedom. And yet deprecate agitation are men who want crops without plowing the ground. So my question for you, tina, is during the obama term in the white house, which particular struggles did you see . The first lady and your office regard as necessary to take on . Well, im sort of laughing. And, you know, some of my colleagues from the Obama Administration are here. Phil schiller and nancyann deparle, because actually struggles is how many in terms of what we face are over. We walked into the Great Recession and then we walked into you know, you know, trying to get the Affordable Care act passed. We walked into the repeal of dont dont is dead tell you so yeah there were there were a lot of. And your question about you know what did the first lady and our team view as necessary struggles actually is shaped by something that was a guiding principle for our work that mrs. Obama articulated. And from the very beginning, she said theres only one person elected in this building and everything we do on our side of the house needs to be in service of his agenda. And if its not, then we got to ask ourselves a question about why are we doing it . And so, you know what we did and the initiatives we did, how she spent her time, where she went out was very much shaped by what what would serve the president s agenda was very much shaped by not doing something that would detract from his agenda or what was going on in that particular moment. So, you know, that that framing, you know, what were the necessary struggles, you know, obviously because it filling nancy your hair you know that fight for the Affordable Care act which the two of them were so instrumental in, was clearly something, you know, that was necessary to really illuminate. And remember, this is actually was not her chief of staff at the time that we were doing this, i was running the office of Public Engagement. But i helped her put together a moment in the Jackie Kennedy garden with Breast Cancer survivors to really highlight, to make sure that, you know, she could be a unique messenger to women in what the importance was of the Affordable Care act to Womens Health and what that would do. So there were very, very moments where we knew we could be a unique messenger, you know, to speak to kids or to families or, you know, to shape that. And so i think thats thats probably how we approached that. What were the necessary struggles . Thank you. Great. Thank you. My question has to do with education. And we know that mrs. Obama was such a strong advocate for Postsecondary Education as evidenced by her reach hire initiative, promoting opportunities for higher education, and with a goal to have the United States have one of the highest proportions of College Graduates in the world. Could you please share with the roles that you think colleges and universities today can play to make that goal a reality . Well, while we are look, mrs. Obama and the president both felt strongly that education really obviously led to their success, you know, shaped you know, their lives, you know, mr. Obamas, you know, first generation, you know, she and her brother, you know, first generation in their family to graduate from college. So she really understood how critical that path was. She understood how difficult the path is for lots of kids. You know, as you may recall, because weve told the story a lot, you know, she was she went to a college, a High School Magnet school in chicago. And yet when she expressed her desire to go to princeton, you know, the college, you know, counselor at whitney young, which was already a magnet, schools sort of said, i dont think so. You know, i dont think your princeton material which to the Young Michelle robinson was just seen as a challenge, rather, because thats who she is. And so she had lived it. Right. And so expressed it that a lot how reach higher came about was when we during 2012 during the Reelection Campaign most of my staff could not work on reelection work because their official white house staff and so when i had our policy staff do was to think about if we were so fortunate to get a second term, we already had our lets move initiative on Childhood Obesity. We had joining forces veterans, military families. We knew there was room to do a third initiative. What could that be . And this is an interesting thing to get back to the opening question, susan, which is when you are the first lady and everythings in front of you and you could do anything with this platform making those choices you find is actually exceedingly difficult to figure out where are the places where you could make a unique contribution . Youre not doing something somebody else did that is sufficient, totally worthy of the platform of the first lady of the United States. And yet will have a deep enough effect that isnt just something surface that that was all the elements we tried to put together. And so we hit on the College Education goal because the president had already articulate it, that as a goal, the secretary duncan and and keeping with the were doing something in service of the president s agenda that became the hit that the president and arne duncan had already articulated this north star, they called it to really increase. We had fallen from the top of the world in College Graduates to like 16 or 17 by the time. And how do we return that and a big pitch as mrs. Obama could uniquely make with given her story was two first generation and and disadvantage kids on the message of what why you should go to college or to your Community College or Technical School something postsecondary the importance of a Postsecondary Education and you know, i think she and the president really believe that is sort of the pathway to upward mobility. It is the pathway to Economic Economic opportunity for kids and we did a lot of talking about. So what can colleges and universities do more of . One of the things we talked about a lot was is obviously access so increased Financial Aid increasing deep, reaching down into high schools. We visited several programs in colleges that were doing innovative things, you know, to bring kids on to college campuses. We actually did something where we did, you know, partnered with google, who did these virtual tours, you know, on, you know, on google view, whatever they call it, you know, where they you could you could do 360 views of colleges and universities. And then we went to howard to do a like a tour and, you know, took, you know, like an instagram thing around howard and were like high school, you know, Guidance Counselors wouldnt have putting inner city kids together to make trips to places like howard and elsewhere. So schools can do more of that. Right, pulling kids who might not otherwise think about your school to do that and get some exposure to it. And then when theyre here and mrs. Obama talked about this a lot when youre in school, if you came from a you know, were you the first generation person to go to school . If your family is struggling, the pressure on a kid who got a scholarship to go to school, to spend that money, not on books, but on helping their family get fed, is tremendous. And i think we dont approve. Those of us who dont didnt have a good fortune not to experience that folks in as she yours administrators of of schools need to Pay Attention and help support those kids who are coming from different circumstance is to be able to stay in school and to be able to fully experience. You know, its not just enough to give them a scholarship. You have to help them manage that. And manage the scholarship and manage it together with the rest of their pressures, and then to make those kids feel like they belong. Yes. She talked a lot about imposter syndrome, you know, because, again, she felt it. She was representative of how, you can work your way through that. Its some of what she talks about now. And like we carry and you know what shes doing now in her current book, you know, its very much that message to. So i think those are some of the things that i think, you know, institutions of Higher Learning can do to really promote that access for for kids. And i think we all know that those have really penetrated because this is this is what we do and this is what all universities are doing right now, particularly on the belonging. So fantastic. So its its pervasive, i would say, lisa, i think you were going to ask the next question. Yes. I think in tina in your in your full response, you anticipate it one of my questions. So im going to reframe since you mentioned the new book, im going to ask you a question that comes from becoming okay. So in Michelle Obamas becoming she talks about when she was taking on the huge issue of childrens health. She said now that i had the benefit of operating from a huge platform, the vagueness of my new Job Description could be marshaled in service of real goals. And so when you mentioned that there wasnt a prescription and i just wonder if you could talk and then she goes on to say, here, find was a way of showing my real self. So could you talk a little bit about that, how she perceived that . Because given the wide range of things that were possible and the lack of a prescribed approach, i just wonder if you could tell us a bit about. Yeah, so heres the thing about mrs. Mrs. Obama, which served us well is she is shes a goal setter, but she was very precise. She held us to task. So back to what was my job, which was to sort of get, get, get from her. You know, she you know, it wasnt just well, well do something with child or see into a garden. It was like, all right, whats that going to lead to . Where are the outcomes . You know, what are the specific steps of different pillars . I mean, she she she was and i learned this from her. I mean, i do it a lot now. And my chief strategy role is a foundation and actually, it is the kinds of questions that i learned from her as she asked it of us as we were planning these programs, was to be very precise. We have a, you know, specific set of pillars, you know, so you know what to pillar to, you know, really increase fruit and vegetables, accessibility to kids. So, you know, we went to walmart, right . We went to cvs. You know, we went to, you know, the we got, you know, sugary drinks reduced, you know, then there was a whole piece about labeling and and working with policy. So, you know, it was really trying to translate this very broad goal around combating Childhood Obesity into, you know, some very tangible outcomes that would happen. And what was fun over time. And we sort of this part, we sort of stumbled into was there was a whole policy agenda, which we worked with the Domestic Policy Council. So what people forget is a lot of the initiatives came out of a study that was done by the Domestic Policy Council and Melody Barnes on the various policy things that could attack. And we and the department of treasury even and others sort of were following that. But then we hit on this other way to use her voice, which was how do you inspire kids to do it . And we actually determined this was she is the one to raise. This is that actually by the time theyre teenagers, its too hard to get kids to change what theyre eating. You know, if youre a teenager, you are going for this next, as witnessed by the trouble we got into by changing the snack rule. And all the teenagers went crazy. So her pitch was, you start early, you know, teach them. Young so thats why she wanted sesame street really early, right, to sort of talk about fruits and vegetables. You know, we did all of these, you know, fun things with kids, you know, to do that, to make fruits and vegetables. We did a kid steak dinner where we did a National Competition and picked winners from one from all 50 states on what their recipes were. And they got to come to the white house with a full on east room treatment on a and a state dinner that we called the kids state dinner and featured their recipes in a cookbook. And so we realized that that kind of, you know, dont go on cnn to talk about it. Go on, ellen. Right. And, you know, talk, go, go and kids shows. We went on a whole bunch of disney shows. My daughter at the time was like a total she was a preteen. You know, that was her favorite thing because all of a sudden the disney stars would show up at the easter egg roll and that and speak to these issues that way. And it penetrated. Right. Do you think some of why people feel connected to her now is the thing we stumbled on was you could feel connected to Michelle Obama by feeding your kids Something Different at lunch. Thats all you had to do. You have to go to a place to a rally or sign up for an organization. All you had to do to feel part of that was just to chain, you know, put more vegetables on the table. And then that empowered you, connected you to her, and connect you to this Broader Movement in this change. And i think we really did see a culture change on health and wellness, paying attention to food and paying and i watched some ad the other night from the va. So do people say that 96 of canned, you know, have zero sugar that i think came from us, right. Sort of combat, you know, really trying to put that, you know, that message out there. And so, you know, that, i think is sort of i think at me as i hope ive answered your question, ive kind of got a wrap around the heart a bit, but that was sort of how, you know, we kind of thought about the initiatives and then lets move became the model for, you know, joining forces and retire and then like girls learn that followed. Thank you. Thank you. So thats the perfect segue way into my next question. And and though i know its no longer your role now that youre in the Obama Foundation, can you share with us what initiatives have continued or what new things mrs. Obama might be up to . Oh, so this is something i just learned from our predecessor is, you know, having both, you know, read, you know, the various biographies of our predecessors and also becoming the other the thing i had the advantage of doing as chief of staff was i became, you know, very good friends with my predecessor, chiefs of staff. So mrs. Bushs chief of staff, anita mcbride, became a dear friend, milan verveer, who is, you know, Hillary Clintons chief of staff when she was first lady. And they were real true advisors and and guideposts for me in this job that has no Job Description and and one of the things i learned from them was to think about where do you want to put your initiative. So, for example, you know, secretary clinton put her americas first treasures and got it, you know, embedded into the department of interior and the reading initiatives that mrs. Bush did, you know, got it embedded, you know, with, i think, the library of congress. And so i spent a good chunk of 2016 figuring out and talking to mrs. Obama where would various things go . And so we were very deliberate. So lets move. Actually, we have a501c3 that we had created actually as part of lets move the partnership for Healthy America so that that went to them, although i dont think that they can call it lets move, because it was sort of out there, but it was an interesting thing about who owns what names, joining forces. We determined and supporting veterans and military families was really a job that came with the building. You know, thats a job. Doing that work is part of what it means to be the commander in chief and in military culture. If you were the commander of a unit, the spouse actually supports the families. And so that was very much what we were doing in that role. And so that when we had determined would stay there. Plus, you know, president bush was already doing a great job with veterans through the bush institute, and we have supported them in the post white house time, im happy to say. Dr. Biden has continued it. So joining forces is still happening at the white house now led by sheila casey. Im the wife of general george casey. So thats what happened to joining forces retire actually also went to a51c3 and now continue at i think at the. College x is one of the big you know higher ed and we still do College Signing day every may you know where we celebrate kids and where where theyre where theyre going to college. The one that she said she wanted to personally stay, you know, very much leading and investing in ones like girls learn, which was our Fourth Initiative started at the last two years of administration to support adolescent Girls Education around the world and the you know, getting, you know some of the started at 96 when weve started it is now sadly at 120 Million Girls around the world adolescent girls who are not able to complete their high school education. It was the back story to the founding of it is it was inspired by a visit that malala paid to the president , the first lady, in october of 2013. She was visiting the United States, asked to come for a visit. She and her father came in. It is the only meeting that malia obama asked to attend because a malia had heard about it from her mom. What are you doing . Today was the last time i was meeting with malala. Malia actually asked if she could come. Turns out the timing was perfect for after school. Somalia. Youll see theres a very iconic picture of the three of them together with malala. You know, in the in the oval office. And you know what . Im not in the picture because were back bouncing valerie and susan rice, our National Security adviser, and i sitting are sitting, you know, on the other side of the camera. But we, the three of us, walked out and said, okay, now were going to do adolescent Girls Education. And what we did and this is another power of the first lady that i learned by that point, because it was 2013 is the ability to pull people in and so we were able to marshal between usaid, the state department, the peace corps, the millennium challenge corporation, billion dollars worth of investment, either in redirecting some existing funds, pulling some other funds together in us money to support adolescent Girls Education. We were able to travel to japan and get a commitment from the japanese government. And when when Prime Minister trudeau came down for their visit from canada, he made a commitment. And so we continue to do that. But then we started our own initiative ourself called let girls learn, which we learned from the we brought in activists whenever we started an initiative. We did a lot of research, not just literature, research, but meeting with people in the field because we never wanted to do something that someone was already doing. You know, we wanted to respect people in the space. We wanted to fill whatever white space was there and not do something that was already being done. And so we brought in a lot of activists and were able to get some of the leaders, adolescent girls, activists around the room, including folks from africa who were incountry and what they said. And Angelique Kidjo in particular, whose voice always rings in my ear, the singer who has this Great Program in benin that dont come tell us what to do, we know what to do in our communities to support us, in our grassroots efforts. And then, secondly, help us connect to each other, because its great that you bring this to the United States every now and then, but then we go home and were by ourselves and we cant reach across borders. So like roseland was premised on creating a network which we did sort of virtually and then creating a way to provide them funds individually, which we did through the peace corps. When we came out of the the white house, we had to reengineer that and reimagine it. But it now exists at the Obama Foundation as the girls opportunity lines the same model. We have a network of 4000 now, almost 5000 incountry activists who are connected to each other. We supply them with curriculum through the network where from care and unicef and others to help them do their work better. And then we have a go fund me page where we feature these individual programs so people can read about them and crowdsource and the organizations learn how to crowdsource. But we have our own fund to top off that. So to make sure they all get funded no matter what and we will now actually expanded into the us later on this year and start to do some, some more of that work in chicago. But that is remained something. Shes very excited about. We launched actually we had a launch in october of last year in new york, a partnership between girls opportunity alliance, the Gates Foundation and the Clooney Foundation with mrs. Obama, amal clooney and melinda, french gates on the stage together talking about child marriage, which is obviously one of the huge barriers to girls completing their education around the world. And so thats thats pretty exciting to have the three of them together. The three of them share this passion and they cowrote an op ed in around International Womens day last month. So, you know, were excited about what were going to keep doing in the future on this. Thank you. Its all exciting. Yeah, thank you, holly. Great. Thanks. Well, i originally was going to ask you a little bit more about the lets move and the particularly the bigger did the white house kitchen garden. But im going to move on because i think you answered some of those. I will plug the obama, you know, president ial center, which will have a fruit and vegetable garden. No wonder. So because, of course. Well, let me switch a little bit. I wanted to i mean, clearly, mrs. Obamas support of military families was evident and her focus on wellness and particularly Mental Health, by advocating for the campaign to change direction, promoting the awareness and education regarding Mental Health issues was a major step in the National Discussion on Mental Health for military families and for all families. Can you share more about the campaign and the short and long term outcomes . Yeah. So again, this came about through, you know, one of the things about joining forces and our journey on that is mrs. Obama and i both often say, you know, were really werent changed very much by our time in in in the white house, except for one thing. And that is our understanding and our appreciation for the military. So we both came from, you know, nonmilitary families from chicago, which is despite the fact that great lakes, you know, Training Center is just up the road, is not a military town. You you dont feel that. You dont see it. Youre, you know, very separate from it. And thats how we came to the white house. And it was really eye opening during the campaign. So this is when mrs. Obama first had roundtables with military spouses during the campaign and heard about these multiple deployments. And remember, we were in the depths of these two decades of war at the time, and then the strain on kids who go to ten schools before they graduated high school and spouses who are, you know, juggling this all by themselves, whether their loved one is deployed. And so it was very eye opening to mrs. Obama and it was to me as we went through joining forces and one of the critical things among so are the pillars of joining forces was was employment. You know, where we did a huge employment effort to get companies to realize this and to hire veterans. So all these veteran preferences that now existed started them education. You know, and especially for these kids who are transferring and also military spouses education programs. And the third pillar was health and it started sort of broad health. You know, it was a little bit of continuation of lets move. And we did an army, did an initiative on changing the the dining hall. Dining halls are like terrible on dates. Have you ever been on a military base . My son is now marines. Im now part of it. But its, you know, its its taco bell and its know its like not to say anything bad about any of our food chains, but its a lot of chain jade food. And the message is much better. But the army did an initiative that we went and visited and highlighted to change makes things healthier. But as we kept interrogating this, it became clear that the really critical issue was Mental Health. This is when rate of suicides were going up. The acknowledgment of ptsd and traumatic brain injury were going up. And so that became very important. So one of the things im most proud of that we did did an initiative to get medical schools and Nursing Schools to incorporate in their curriculum, training on, you know, military, you know, ptsd and traumatic brain injury and especially with to military service and that and those traumas and that was a huge we did an event in university of pennsylvania to unveil that and i really proud because that we had a retired general who was leading one of the tbi initiatives who we had a meeting and he said to me, you know, we were i was pretty skeptical. I thought this was just going to be another, you know, feel good awareness raising campaign. All good. But thats all i thought it was going to be. And he said, youve completely changed mind with that initiative. That was huge to change that curriculum. And then we wanted to do something broader. So, you know, you know, change direction became it was a Great Campaign that again, we lifted up a campaign that someone else had designed, which is, you know, the five signs used to sort of hold up because, you know, look, we learn the five signs of cancer. You learn, you know, you know how to recognize a heart attack. Were you know, we learn things like cpr are we dont treat Mental Health like we treat physical health. And mrs. Obama used to say, like, you would never tell somebody with a broken leg to just, you know, shake it off, go back to work. Of course, you can get up and walk around. Just walk around. You know. Yes, your bone is hanging out of your your your leg. But you can walk around. But thats what we do to people who have serious Mental Health. Right. You know, we, you know, its like shake it off. Its like its nothing. And so and we dont learn the signs. I mean, the thing that was most tragic we learned is there are a lot of signs. Somebody, a loved one, is deteriorating. You know, how how, how theyre behaving, how theyre interacting. If you cant make eye contact, if theyre losing weight or if theyre gaining weight, i mean, it is. And and so, you know, learning those five signs like we, you know, you know, in the past used to learn the five signs of cancer was that was that campaign had changed direction. And i will say i think it you know she has continued that discussion. So you see, you know, mrs. Obama does morning i saw her on cbs good morning with gayle king youre talking about her own Mental Health struggles. Right. And and and the struggles during covid and being open about that and being open, the struggles within even her, her relationship with the president , because thats part of it, too. And the need to talk about this more, i mean, that was what it was, is that we need to take us out of the shadows. We need to treat it like physical health on parity with it. And and acknowledge it and empower individuals, citizens like with that, you know, change direction to, you know, understand and empower themselves to really take action on their own Mental Health. And i think its changing. I mean, sadly, i think covid has led to a realization of how widespread the problem is. You know, there was something i saw the study that just came out that said 77 of americans at some point field feel depressed or have Mental Health issues, 77 . I mean, so clearly this is, you know, an issue and and so im very proud of the work that we did to sort of bring that to the fore. So i have a couple of questions that have occurred to me since weve been talking. And youve been talking about all of these initiatives that it sounds like the first lady and you and your team did sort of independently, although in service to the administration. To what extent was Michelle Obama a real adviser to the president on the issues that he was facing, the real policy issues, Foreign Policy issues that he was facing . Did she play that role at all . Because, of course, first ladies have varied in that way. So look im i cant speak to what went on upstairs because i dont know what happened. Im just asking, though. So but but i will say, as a general, no, i mean, she really and i think shes actually said this publicly. So im not speaking out of school that actually what she saw upstairs as the more the family space as family space that one of her roles when he came up the stairs was to give him that break. You know, they sat around the table and talked about what sasha and malia did. They you know, that that was one of the things she felt was important for her to do and to actually to not interfere. We both we both were cognizant. Now, i one of the things that helped in coordination and understanding of all this is when i became chief of staff in january 2011 was about the time bill daley became the president s second chief of staff. And bill and i, you know, made the decision that i would actually be, you know, an assistant to the president and one of the senior advisers to the president would carry that title. And therefore be in bills very painful 730 in the morning every morning. Right. Phil and nancy and were there there ever 38 in the morning. Chief of staff meeting which enabled me to actually sit there as both her chief of staff and robert had this dual as as running the council on two girls so that was that was another reason to sit there but allowed us to be very much in sync with what he was doing. If there was an issue on veterans. So i did a lot of work with when Denis Mcdonough was chief of staff, the two of us sort of spearhead it efforts to try to make changes in the in the department of veterans affairs. You know, when there were issues that would touch upon us, we were very involved in a lot of the food policy work. And sam kass, you know, became a food policy advisor to the Domestic Policy Council, together as a holding a dual headed running. Lets move. So we had those moments where our team was integral, but it was always integrated with the Domestic Policy Team or you know, the folks doing, you know, military family work because thats how we saw ourselves working, not in dependently from that and whenever we were going to do an initiative or be out there on the south lawn, jumping jacks with kids, you know, we were we always made sure to be very coordinated in our scheduling, in our communication strategy. You know, youre not going to go do jumping jacks on the south lawn with a bunch of kids while youve got some serious National Security policy being, you know, press conference happening on the inside of the building. So we became, you know, and i think it was a lot of that coordination. We were very intentional about because again, keeping in keeping with the what we should do to be at it, we wanted be additive to what was going on. And if were not and god forbid, we should be actually counterproductive. That was really, you know, the main concern that we had. Thank you. I have one more question and then well open it up to add to your questions in the audience. And i think that there are are there are microphones here on each side. Last night, we heard a talk by melissa harrisperry. And one of the things that she said and i wont i wont say it nearly as eloquently or interesting as she did, but of the things that she said was that that that, you know, barack obama did not the sort of classic black american story. Right. He was biracial. His father was from kenya. He, you know, grew up in hawaii. It wasnt the sort of classic story. Of course, michelle had the classic story and that at some level, although he didnt, he didnt literally her story, he couldnt have gotten away with that. He sort of presented himself, performed the story. Im not exactly sure how to say it, how she said it, but he he was able to communicate in a way that he kind of appropriated her story and that that served him very well, you know, with the voters and his popularity and so on. And there was a lot of discussion about how he did that performance. And then, of course, he could also do a performance for white voters. And so on. So that thats been going that was interesting last night. It was very interesting. So i guess my question is, first of all, do you agree with that . And to an extent to which you agree with it, what how did that sort of work in how michelle about it and so on . Is it anything you observed and have any comment on what im saying . Interesting. Well, the way i guess i think about it, experienced it. You know, ive known them for a long time before. You know, we went we went to the white house. Is it is true. He had a very different upbringing, didnt have a father. His mother was gone from for much of his life. He was raised raised by his grandparents in in hawaii, having left his mom who stayed, you know, back in indonesia. And so what i think he found when he married mary know mary Michelle Obama became part of Mary Robinsons family is and that community is. I mean, look, he started out as a Community Organizer in chicago state. In chicago, if he appropriated anything, he probably did chicago as his hometown as opposed to honolulu as on hometown. So i guess i would think of it that way. I mean, thats what he appropriated. And you will actually see that story. Just to give you a little preview of the obama, you know, president ial center. That is how the story reads. Is that his place. While theres a story of his personal history, the power of place that we will show is the power of chicago and how that shaped him. And he he has talked about this and written about this, that it was that organizing experience on the streets of chicago and those neighborhoods, the election of Harold Washington as the first black mayor, which was transformative for so many of us, myself included, actually in our political activism and our connection. And i then think it was, you know, his becoming part of this extended family in a lot of robinsons in chicago that extended black family with, as you say, you know, the quintessence you know, you know, great migration, you know, a africanamerican familys. Thats what he became a part of. Thats how much appropriated and he became part of that family and that became also part of his work. Its the district that he represented when he went to the illinois senate. It is, you know, the the organizing. It is along the way somewhere that we cant remember. Thats where i met him doing that kind of Progressive Political organizing. And so i think thats where that genuinely came from. It wasnt adopted as performative of in in i dont know quite how melissa said it, but it, i wouldnt view it that way. You know, it is true he could speak to that audience, but thats because lived it, not because he had adopted as a performance. I guess its what im trying to say because of that, both starting in political, you know, Community Organizing in chicago and then extending it through what he did in the Robinson Family and joining that Robinson Family and then extending it through to his work as a political leader in chicago, which, you know, gives one speaking parochialism. Chicago, if youre right, if you grow up in chicago politics, that gives you a very different appreciation for race politics in and and rough and tumble, you know, Community Organizing politics and direct contact with voters politics because chicago voters dont let are not shy. And well let you know about that. And thats what i think enabled that piece. Not so much. And youre right, because he went to harvard law school, he went to columbia an accidental because he went to punahou, which is the star school in honolulu. Steve case, you know, naming people who came out of punahou, he had that ability to also code switch right . Thats what he was doing was code switching. Right. Which is, you know, to speak, you know, to you know, a nonblack audience, you know, in in that way. But that also was kind of authentic to him. I mean, i dont think he was it same in the same way that what he was doing in in living, having lived an africanamerican experience, could speak to that authentically. He could speak authentically from his own background. Right. To a punahou type audience. Right from his high school days. It is probably one enabled him to become our first black president. Right. Was someone who had grown up with one foot in not just two worlds, but multiple worlds, who had the the agility, you know, and the incredible mental capacity that this man has, you know, to understand these different environments, to intellectually understand them. He has huge emotional iq. I got to say, for a man, he is probably got more emotional iq than most men that i know of. That also, i think contributed to his ability to be that kind of person that could win the presidency. As a guy named Barack Hussein obama. Right. In in in 2008. Okay. Thank you. Are there questions . Please feel free to line up. And i think we give student priority but well take questions from anybody. So my name is melvin walker. Im a graduate student. Im also an army veteran. And i come from an army family. So i appreciate you speaking about military families and Mental Health. I thought it was excellent. I remember when the first lady came to my graduation banquet in 2011 at west point, and she spoke particularly about the hardships and dangers of deploying. And you can really hear her speaking only as the first lady, but as a mother. So she was not only addressing cadets, but you can hear that she was also addressing parents. As one of you can share a story about how she, i guess, engaged with military families who particularly like lost loved ones. Please. Oh, yes. I mean, we did that a lot we sort of saw that as a responsibility. Again, as commander in chief, the president did it. You know, he made regular visits to walter reed. We went to walter reed on several occasions to do this, the wounded and, you know, we made a sort of special place at the white house frequently for gold star families and for those of you dont know, a gold star family is a family that has lost a loved one in in military service to our country. We had a we create a star tree. So the first tree when at christmas time, if you were a visitor to the white house when you came in through the east gates, the first thing you would see would be a gold star tree in which we actually a gold star. Families who come to visit, who were actually specially invited, always to come to the holiday celebrations, to write the name of their loved one, you know, and put that on the tree. One year we actually did a also the easter the blue room tree, which is the large featured tree for christmas was entirely done in for military families and we asked a gold star family just got charles got two gold star families to send the story of their loved one. But life lost so that the story would actually be displayed on the tree to bring awareness because so Many Americans just have no idea. Right. And dont know about that. We would invite, you know, military moms and then military moms had lost, you know. A loved one, you know, to the white house, for surtees and for other events. I remember i especially spent some time with one family who, you know, i young kids whose lost their dad and sat and talked with these nine and ten year old kids, two little boys, you know, talking about how they were sad, how they were going to counseling nine and ten year old kids, talking about going to counseling. You know, with us. And so those interactions had sort of profound effects, you know, on and on. But the president and mrs. Obama, you know, its the thing and the president has written about this that way upon him the most in making the decisions he had to make in the situation room around when to send people into combat and it was very acutely aware of that. And also i think was important, which both of them did. And i will say President Biden and dr. Biden share this is to go to walter reed to go meet with those, to have them come in, because its really important in that bubble that the white house becomes to not shy away from it, you know, to not not see what the effects are. Its why the president felt so strongly about going to walter reed to and i remember at that time its hard to remember now, even because were a little removed from it. But the pacing of combat, you know, it, right . The pacing of combat at that point in time was pretty high. Right. And so we had a lot when walter reed was kind of full at various points in time. And it was tough, you know. So when we would all go, but it was something that both of th y, look at and visit with those families. That was their responsibility as president , lady of the United States. Its a huge responsibility, but it a big part of it is not just the ordering out of military troops, its also the care for them and their families when they come home or when they dont come home. Thank you. Really. Hi. Thanks so much for coming. So so, you know, throughout the presidency and beyond, i think Michelle Obama certainly used her power for good. However, i was so struck during the president , see, and even even during the election of the pushback and backlash that. You know, right from the beginning, terrorist fist bump, you know, then then as though planting vegetables was less a terrible political act and some kind of way dealing with Childhood Obesity, you know, how could that be bad . But but my question is then i guess i was taken aback by some of those responses to what extent and what kinds of pushback were surprising to Michelle Obama and to you . What what what surprised you about it . Thats a really good question, because there was there was a lot i mean, i think and i think she wrote about this in becoming the you know what what would you dont get prepared for . Look, we were all political activists. Chicagos rough and tumble. I dont think the glare that you get when youre on a president ial stage running for president for for for National Office in a very tough race that was i think was unexpected. So, you know, that that first, you know, proud of my country. Right. We can go down the list you know that which then led to the fist bump which then you know and it was angry black women meme the level of the vitriol i think was surprising at first and but then we came to expect it right and we knew that it was going to happen being referred to various animal terms by certain right wing radio people. So that we came to expect, you know, she never watched cable news actually. And she said this publicly. You know, it was, you know, sportscenter was what was was on the tv during workouts both for him and for her and or hgtv is what we watched on the plane when we were we were traveling places and so so that was one way to manage it was to sort of keep it up. It was our job again. What was part of my job . My job was to read it all, read all the clips. If there was that really rose to a level something people went after the girls. Then we clamped that down or Something Else. A lot of it you make the calculus and we would do this together with the overall White House Communications team. You know, you got to make that calculation of the clamp something down or you do give it more oxygen when you go after something. And thats a very careful balance. And more often than not, we decided on the on the side of dont dont do it, but ill tell you the thing that was probably the most if i had to say, took us a little bit by surprise and then we came to expect it and managed it was like criticizing her for walking off the plane in shorts and of you remember that. But early on i think it was early on in 2009, they took a family vacation. They were on their way, i think, to one of the national parks. They were going to go hike. But before that they were going to make this official stop at a national park. And she got off the plane, air force one in shorts at oh, my god, you would have thought, right, that she had who knows what that would have been the real thing that she walked off the plane in shorts out of the other way to family vacation. And so that surprise to us like that, that it would be so out ridiculous and out of normal discourse. I will tell you, though, we looked like we got smart and we were really careful then with everything right. Exactly how she was going to get off the plane. What was she going to wear. We had a fabulous, you know, person who started out as just an assistant to help her, you know, a helper, meredith coupe, you know, and grew into over the years. Meredith was there all that years, a fabulous, you know, stylist. You could think about this. Whats the message were trying to give a whats it like in the city . Whats the footing on the ground . So we got we just had to get really good at that. And thats so that was the surprising part. But a lot of it was just you then just had to manage it and not sink to it. So i think when they go, we go high, right . I mean, that actually phrase came out of a lot of the ways we just operated was you just had to kind go past it. Youre the first lady of the United States, and theyre just some things youre not going to engage with. You just got to let it roll off your back. Hi, my name is helen and i barkan. Im a Political Science major here. I want to thank you guys for being here. This is really exciting for me. I unfortunately, my question is actually very similar to the last one i was going to ask. You know, as especially the first woman of color that we have, you know, we had ever had as a first lady. She was getting an exceptional amount of criticism for, you know. Every person in a public standing gets exceptional amount of criticism. But for her, it was a little bit worse. And i was going to ask kind of how she dealt with it mechanically. But you did touch on that a little, so i was also interested in how she might have dealt with it emotionally and how her family dealt with that sort of, you know, dealing with all of the racism that america has to throw at. You. You know how one handles that. So i think and she wrote about this in becoming it. It was hard and it was in addition to dealing with it, you know. So first of all, she like like a lot of celebrities, she, you know, in a spotlight. So theres a lot of attention as social media took hold over the course of the eight years. You know, there was a lot of that a lot of that with celebrities dont have is being in the white house where any action you take has the potential to reverb great back onto the president and onto the agenda we all felt it. I mean, it wasnt just it wasnt confined just to her. But any of us who worked there felt that any you just knew that at any given moment, any slip up, any carry your papers across in front of the press without holding over. So thats a blank piece of paper. So because theyll take a picture, you know, of of what youre carrying or, you know, name your thing that could happen that all of a sudden contributes to a bad news cycle for the president. That was the worst thing any of us want to do. And that was i exponentially the case. Obviously for mrs. Obama who did not you know that was the counter to do all things only in service of his agenda. It was also dont do things that will harm you know what is going on and she felt and as i said, she writes about this unbecoming. She felt that acutely. And and almost internally as to the stress, because it wasnt something we talked about a lot. It wasnt something shes incredibly strong. It wasnt something that was visible, except that when she got on the plane, when we were on the plane, you know, you take that last air force one, right . You know, from dc, we were flying to california where she like cried for an hour and a half. Like all of a sudden it just the release of eight years plus really ten years, if you include the two years on the campaign trail of that kind of stress every day, any time you were in the public eye, you know, just it did weigh and was was really hard. And i think, you know, having used to say to people who had come to work at the white house, there is no that you have ever done in your life that will prepare you for being in the white house because the the level of execution that is required in everything down to the how are you letting people in the gate . One of my first horrible days was we didnt really have a good system for how we clear people through the security gates. It took us a long time to get get that system down and any one little slip up, like in one digit is off in somebodys birthday. Theyre at the gate. Queen rania of jordan was coming to visit. This is when i was running Public Engagement. Queen rania of jordan was coming to visit, of course, coming through the most visible gate that the press and everybody comes through over on pennsylvania avenue. She was stuck. We could not get her in. And the press are watching queen rania stand on pennsylvania avenue in front of a security gate trying to get in. Its Little Things like that, right . Gets reported all of those things. So the level of execution that you have to the tightrope was tremendous. And therefore, you know, the strain that was placed on everybody who works there to really obviously do the best because the country is relying upon youre in a Great Recession, make the right decisions, give the president the right information about, how to make it policy, decision, how to interact with the with the hell to get, you know, a bill passed. And then also the of scrutiny that is placed upon you is not like anything anyone will ever experience in any other job. I dont care if youre the ceo of a 3 billion company you will not get that and it other than in the white house thank you. Good evening my name is alice seen goolsbee and im a resident of hempstead, the home of Hofstra University. And i just want to thank, first of all, for bringing the inside into probably one of the most graced for first ladies to ever serve. I have to say, theres no classic black story. Youre right and youre right. Im grateful for that. My mom, who is here in the audience, is the first African American to be elected to the town council in over 300 year history. She her name is deputy supervisor Dorothy Oglesby and senior as well. She did come to new york as part of the great migration. Her and my dad from the rural south and were able to raise us in a life of service that im so grateful for. I took that to wall street and ive been a private Equity Investor for over 16 years and i was on my way to raising my First Official fund, and i was stopped in my tracks when i went to Carnegie Hall on february 27th. Robert f smith is like my brother and had us come. There was actually my mothers birthday as well, that test and they had a fireside chat. It was called the power network. The black power network, and they talked about this deadline. Of june 30th. And i really didnt know what it meant. I know it has something to do with broadband. We werent going to miss out on Something Else that could help us elevate our communities. We had missed out on the g. I. Bill, the homestead act, so i didnt know what it was. We traveled to mexico to finish celebrating my mother i wont tell her how her as finished celebrating her birthday in mexico with one of my brilliant friends whos also in technology and finance and what it happens to be. And i would love to hear some of your thoughts and im sure first lady obama has thought about this as well. There are 101 hbcu youths, seven of those hbcu are in broadband deserts. 50 of the dot teachers, lawyers, other professionals, those of color come from those hbcu issues. I spoke to a friend of mine who went to alabama and Alabama State and he said that they had to bring a bus to put the kids on. So they could do their homework because theres no broadband. So i say on that day, my life was interrupted from raising my First Official fine to being in a place where ive been tasked to raise 30 million to eradicate that, just to staff the offices that have to fill out the grant applications to flow up to the state level, then to the federal level. So i have stopped what im doing because its like being one of my partners. Yeah, it is. She is a graduate of west point, tracy lloyd and were dedicating the funds that were raising to emily perez. She was the first black woman to be killed in iraq, and thats a sister iris. Right . So who better to dedicate this to to someone who has protected us as a nation, but thats a lot to say. Has anything have you been thinking about this issue . Because theres going to be a generation that could possibly be left far behind if this isnt addressed. Well, so what . Well, first of all, and a round of applause for your mom, which is amazing. So you know, i think thank you for being here. Im honored. Honored by the fact that you you are here so on hbcu. I will say while we were in office, we made it a point during the graduation cycles, we always gave a commencement address at an hbcu that was like, you know, we went thats why she was she gave the very famous speech, the tuskegee, which i think was our last one. We went through that. So focusing on hbcus and shining a light on them, something we did, we did care a lot about. I will say in the current environment, were no longer in the policymaking spot. So but i do know just separately from other work that i do a little bit about whats going on now. And i would i would sort of direct you to two things. I know that there the Biden Administration has put actually money directed to hbcu. So theres been you know, they succeeded where we were unable to make a big investment in hbcu. So the hbcu youre working with making sure that they get access to that. And then secondly, also know that as part of the inflation reduction act, there is a tremendous amount of money in, you know, reducing broadband deserts. And i dont exactly i cant tell you how to access that because this, again, im not in the administration, but i do know that at comcast is invested a lot and is very committed to Racial Equity in, what theyre trying to do. So theyve been investing their own money as well as helping people get access to the federal broadband money. So if youre not connected up into that, i would suggest so. Okay. The its a real issue. Yeah. And. You need a certain amount of funding. Its about. Now. Yeah no, we know that. Right, right yeah. So yeah i know who has. Yeah. Hes been great. Robert robb. What. Roberts doing is amazing. So absolutely no, no about that. So, you know, i know its been a priority for for for the current administration. Obviously which is something that we support. And thank you. I think we have time maybe for more question if anybodys got something something. I maureen keitas a graduate of hofstra and currently on the women in leadership. But i just had a question you know i think any time we do work or we have a job and and its done, we look back and we say, what could we have done differently . Is there anything that you and theres maybe a lot i left because theres like a really long obviously but is there anything maybe comes to mind at the top of the list that would say michel would go back and wish we could have done that differently . Mm yeah, i dont know. Im trying to im sure that there are and im sure that we had talked about it, but im not. Theres not an immediate like we should have done that differently kinds of convert converts haitians. I, i wish we had started the Mental Health stuff earlier because we, there were several things that started late and we ran out of runway. The whole Mental Health change direction is one of those that got started late in the administration and we just sort of ran out there could have been more to do and ran up ran out of time to do that. You know the. We did a lot of mentoring work that was sort of individual and i think we would have liked do that more at scale. You know we had mentees come in to the white house. We never scaled that. It was hard to do. Theres a lot of mentoring programs out there. So we didnt figure out, couldnt out how to expand that. So we did what we could with the that we, you know, brought brought in to to mentor. So thats probably one in which trying to figure out how we could have done more to scale that and and get funds for that might be one thing i its also guys been like six years so so i was six hard years as we always we as a as we all know so i will confess to a little a little memory loss and on some of those things but it is the loss of runway, ill just say, which we didnt talk about, even though we had two terms and it was eight years, it is really a short period of time, you know, that you have because of the time is broken up. So for sure the term is in two year chunks because of the midterms. And then youre running for reelection, you know, very quickly and it comes up really fast. But even in the second term, because youve got still a legislative calendar that youre trying to deal with and then youre very cognizant of whats going to happen at the end. And how do you think about the legacy youre leaving and how do you solidify those things into policies that wont immediately, you know, be overturned, especially when we had trouble passing that would be overturned. So were dealing with orders that could be overturned. So so there are a lot of, you know, regrets. Regrets, regrets probably on that front. I know. You know, and phil would probably chime in, too. We collectively, you know, regret left, you know, Immigration Reform in know not being able to get that as far and you know finally had to do doca by executive order you know the dream and you know hope that that you know still will be able to continue for those those those families and individuals. But overall immigration remains something that i think we all sort of wished we could do you run out of runway and if you think about the things that we were able to do when we had the majorities. Then you just you dont have enough time after that to put that put put the together. Its its something that, you know, i think there theyre actually handling quite well in the Biden Administration right now with the amount of things theyve been able to do with their majority. And its something of wish. We wish we had had had a majority for longer than we did to be able to do those. Well, please join me in thanking tina tchen for really wonderful presentation. I think