Is no possibility for anybody to say Climate Change is happening and then happening and then we just adapt to it the capacity to adapt is limited. Also coming up will board a ship with a crew committed to saving migrants from drowning in the mediterranean and they do it knowing it could land them in prison. Human lives have to be saved for me thats north up for debate and theres too much discussion going on about it about who should be saved and us as if you know. Our viewers on p. B. S. In the United States and all around the world welcome we begin today with what we are learning about Climate Change and for many of you it may be hard to swallow today the United NationsIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change published a special report on land how we use it and hell that use contributes to our warming planet consider a medium rare prime rib steak one before it served fields are fertilized to produce feed for cattle theres kells are then fed and produce methane a Greenhouse Gas that is much more potent than Carbon Dioxide half of all human caused emissions of methane come from livestock 50 percent and demand for steaks its growing the entire food chain according to this new report must be reimagined and reassembled a fact that could spoil your appetite or change what your great. This german field is bone dry drought has again parts of the country these crops will yield much less wheat than usual and a new report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warns that dry periods like this will become more frequent and more intense. The Mediterranean Region and Southern Africa will be especially hard hit. The problems are already visible today a quarter of arable land worldwide has deteriorated due to the creation of deserts erosion or salinisation but more and more food has to be produced to feed the worlds growing population its a vicious cycle on the one hand farming produces the food that people desperately need but on the other hand its a driving factor in Climate Change. Overall farming creates more than 20 percent of Greenhouse Gases like Carbon Dioxide cattle and Rice Production make up half of methane emissions a climate pollutant worse than c o 2 and human made fertilizers creates 3 quarters of nitric oxide emissions its an especially potent Greenhouse Gas scientists are worried about how quickly the farming sector is growing an area 2 thirds the size of australia has been turned into Agricultural Land in the last few decades the i. P. C. C. Says its time to change the good news in missions from farming can be cut. If we change how we farm and what we eat fruit and vegetables need less oil and water and they generate far less Greenhouse Gases than meat for example if the worlds population growth slows down and people consume less meat scientists think theres only a low risk that more land will be needed by intensive agriculture and there would be enough food to go around the picture is very different if the global population increases at a faster rate than at present and our consumption of resources remains high the i. P. C. C. Warns that could result in an environmental catastrophe climbing temperatures would create larger and larger deserts and gravely endanger our capacity to feed the world. Shes a climatologist at nasa and she is one of the lead authors of the chapter on suge security in this new i. P. C. C. Report is going to have you on the show tonight have we reached that point at which Climate Change is threatening our ability to put food on the table. Were nearing that point were not there yet but it is approaching rapidly. And the way and we. Produce the food we eat i mean that is a circle talk to me about how this circle has become a vicious circle. And when we look at the food system as a whole from the farm to the poor. We see Greenhouse Gas emissions coming from both and especially in livestock production then when we transport that crude and made in the farmers fields to the consumers or the storage the process of seeing the shipping the retail the or all of that takes energy so theres energy emitted theres Greenhouse Gases emitted from the supply chain and thats all then delivered to the people around the world eating this isnt local food Food Supply Chains and it sure says that everybody needs. Certainly in the world when there are shortages in the world where there are choices to be made we need to be sure to talk about people in developing countries who are in a different situation but. The dietary choices have become now very very important. To green to the Climate Change just one where i think sure last and we if we need to be sure to talk about that too just the food mart and waste across this whole system accounts for 8 to 10 percent of the total global Greenhouse Gas emissions. I mean you know thats thats huge we throw away so much and i guess people dont realize when they throw away theyre actually fueling Global Warming so let me ask you before we run out of time just the whats the takeaway from this report is the take away that we should reduce how much meat we consume or that we should use Climate Friendly methods to produce the meat that we eat. Oh no the answer is that. Those who have choices about their food choices need to think seriously. The choices with plant diets that are rich in plants and greens that not since roots that many people are already eating more of is very helpful to reduce the base Greenhouse Gas emissions for those who are so neat eaters its important to. Purchase need that has been created there has been produced in no Greenhouse Gas emissions environment now remember ago some people in the world have choices about what be there but there are many people who are living in developing country regions who are Small Farmers in some of those settings they dont have really that sure ace and meat is often a very important part of the protein that people eat but when we have races for the people who do have choices it is very important to be given to to really consider our diets as a as a as important and our food loss in ways both and important ways that we can contribute to solving Global Warming. So i think most and why climatologist at nasa and also one of the authors of that i. P. C. C. Report that came out today cynthia thank you. We apologize to you for that signal there from geneva art id like to pull in now Bruce Friedrich he is executive director of the Good Food Institute which is a u. S. Based nonprofit that promotes plant based meat dairy and eggs as well as cultured meat and clean meat bruce welcome to the show were talking about food this evening so im going to ask you what did you eat for breakfast this morning. As with every single morning i had a greens a smoothie made from fruits and nuts and. Plant based milk essentially as low as coffee thats pretty much my breakfast every day ok very good role model and thats exactly what i predict its a i could win the bet there let me ask you how do you read this new Climate Change report if we were all vegans would that solve a lot of our Greenhouse Gas problems. Well yeah i mean. I think its i think its worth recognizing that the least Climate Change and do sing meat is chicken and according to the World Resources institute it chicken causes or 8 times as much Climate Change per calorie of protein when compared to a lady who saw a and p. Chippies and that sort of thing so the way we are producing meat right now growing massive amounts of crops to feed those crops to animals so that we can eat animals it takes 9 calories into a chicken which is the most efficient meat at turning out and basically turning crops intimate takes 9 calories into a chicken to get one calorie back out so thats 9 times as much land 9 times as much water and 9 times as many pesticides and herbicides then you are shipping those crops to it even earlier operating with you know youre shipping the feed to the farm youre operating the farm youre shipping the animals to a slaughterhouse youre operating a slaughter house you have all that inefficiency and it is a huge adverse kind of impact but the solution is probably not to just tell everybody to go vegan because people wont do it so year after year after he heard after year we see reports like this and its admirable that the report is lowing the whistle on the problem of industrial animal product production but this sort isnt to try to educate people and to get them to consent to convince them to all give the or her solution is to basic bits of it that are going to ask you the talk about the solution i know youre a proponent of what is known as clean meat. Tell me what is clean meat. So the claim made is basically growing in meat directly from self so its sometimes called cultured they sometimes call cell based meat basically clean meat is exactly the meat that people enjoy now so its from a chicken or a pig or a cow or at their fish but instead of all of the inefficiency that i just described instead of all of the inefficiency of of feeding live a normal so you basically just grow the cells in essentially. A cultivator which is like a giant tank it looks like a beer brewery at production scale and you have you know its probably going to be 3 times as efficient as chicken production which is the most efficient meat production require 95 to 99 percent less land so we can already forest that land as a part of our Climate Mitigation strategy 90 percent less water Much Less Energy is just a far more efficient way of producing me. If we have to go about this you know you talk about producing meat basically in the lab. That may be good for fighting Climate Change but doesnt it continue this this this phenomenon of us being alienated from the source of our food i mean if were not talking about mass production of meat were talking about mass production of meat in a lab. Well its not an elaborate i mean all food all processed food starts in a food lab and then eventually its processed in essentially a factory so this will production scale look like a big. So the meat will be cultivated in something that looks like a brewery and if you want to talk about being alienated from our food i mean chickens these days 6. 00 to 7. 00 times as quickly as they would naturally i mean look at whats happening on a modern army look at whats happening in a modern slaughterhouse so this is sort of the opposite of how these animals are supposed to have been raised how these animals are supposed to be treated and you know nobody wants to look at whats happening on a modern farm nobody wants to look at whats happening in a modern slaughterhouse you produce meat in this better way its much safer for peoples families it doesnt require any antibiotics so it solves the problem of the antibiotic resistant superbugs insults the Climate Change problem that this i. P. C. C. Report is talking about and consumers can actually watch how meat is made without you know basically having out pangs of moral conscience over a how revolting it is yeah it is its a good point you bring up because you couldnt have conversations with people who we need if you say well you know how did that steak end up on your table and they say well i dont want to think about that you know thats where the conversation ends so does this all this mean then that the future belongs to companies such as beyond to meet an impossible food which would specialize in plant based substitutes for meat. Yeah i mean the thing with plant based meat is that its here now so the clean meat meat grown directly from cells is probably at least a few years from commercialization but with plant based meat its just a recognition that meat is native to lift its i mean as men are also in water what people like about meat is not the farms in the slaughterhouses what people like about meat is that taste the texture and the price so we can use clients to give people everything that they like about meat we can make it taste the same were better and as it scales out because its so much more efficient it will cost the same or less and lots of people will switch to plant based meat thats what impossible to do and beyond need of doing and then just a huge benefit to the climate much less water require a much safer product no antibiotics required so this is really you know education is great and people should eat less meat thats an important thing to encourage people to do but most people want you know year after year after year we see studies like this i. P. C. C. Report and nevertheless the u. N. Says that on our current trajectory were going to need 70 to 100 percent more meat by 2050 and what this report says is if we need one percent more meat by 2050 were going to fail our goals to meet the paris climbs pretty. Targets so before we were a time when as you say do you see the future as a kind of us several steps here weve got you know slaughterhouses today. The near future were going to be talking about plant based meat substitutes and then eventually will be out but youre describing clean me where it it is developed it comes from a lab or. A factory if you will but were moving towards a place where the environment will be protected as well as our health do you see us on that trajectory. Yes you are absolutely on that trajectory again despite how its produced people did not eat meat because of how its produced we can give consumers everything that they like about meat but we can do it with plants and we can do it directly from cells and i would just say on the nomenclature question its still meat meat does not have to come from a live animal this is plant based to me its the same thing but produced in a different way and then its clean meat or cell based meat meat grown directly from cells so in the future just like you dont think that a camera has to have film and you dont think that a phone has to have a cord similarly meat will not require a live animal sounds good to me 1st friedrich executive director of the Good Food Institute for earth we appreciate your time tonight and keep enjoying those smoothies thank you. Thank you very much i appreciate the opportunity. And there it is the mediterranean now for thousands of north african refugees these are the waters that could either rob them of their lives or help give them a chance at starting a new life here in europe most refugees and migrants they end up in spain or greece and these numbers from the u. N. They show arrivals so far this year but italy italy is the one that is generating the most headlines because of its hardline approach to unofficial rescue missions rome claims that rescue boats are colluding with human traffickers now anger over increasing migration became political last year in italy voters hoisted a populist government and its far right interior minister you see him right there matteo savita power salvini is now by the way calling for new elections new elections could impact the new laws in italy one threatens captains of rescue vessels with fines of up to 1000000 euros if they enter italian ports without permission the government in rome also wants other European Union countries to take in more of the refugees in the migrants who are landing in italy a battle on and off the water he used next sunday boarded a c. Once Risky Mission off the libyan coast and he sent us this report. Takeoff from an undisclosed location. For the german n. G. O. S c. Watch is taking us on a reconnaissance flight over the mediterranean. And pilots have one Main Objective saving lives or 70 miles up or were you always this is this a Child Predator raid your brother africa. This search right is looking for a biker dangerous crossing. Over boat there leipsic recruits. Finding them is like looking for a needle in a haystack and conditions are anything but ideal. This you watch aircraft moon bird mainly operates in the search and rescue zone off the coast of western libya an area that spans more than 350 kilometers of coastline this is where migrant boats set off on their perilous journey to italy and malta footage from an earlier mission shows how that looks dozens of people on an overcrowded rubber dinghy passengers often spend days out at sea exposed to the sun and with limited supplies and. People of being on the water for days a usually dehydrated desperate and in a serious medical condition those really are emergencies that have to be evacuated as soon as possible. After hours up in the air we spot a suspicious object in the water. Thats a sunken rabbiting. For now we dont know what happened to the people on board these cheap inflatable boats are not made to last and sometimes sink after days out at sea even if kai and his crew managed to spot a boat in distress it doesnt mean the passengers will be brought to safety due to a crackdown on n. G. O. S there are very few rescue boats left on the water and merchant vessels try to avoid the affected. Area all together. Often the libyan coast guard is the last resort for kelly and his colleagues this is a frustrating experience but. I want the people to reach a safe haven i want these people to get to europe. And i want them to cross the ocean safely and not be pulled back illegally. This is wrong and ships are being seized rescue capacities are being cut somewhere the only ones keeping an eye on the water we have to deal with situations like this. We are back on the ground where exactly we cannot see kay and mother here are aware that their organizations activities are being closely monitored since the government such as italy have started to crack down on rescue n. G. O. S seawards faces public criticism and accusations that they are aiding people smugglers. A claim that most vigorously rejects. But. We would never communicate with people smugglers in our capacity they simply criminals have made a business with people who suffer and make money out of the circumstance that theyre so desperate and see no other way and reaching out to them. Listen i send it to vent cases these claims are used to paint them as criminals and distract from the real issue mentioned in the human lives have to be saved for me thats not up for debate and theres too much discussion going on about it about who should be saved and us mom caught as if you know. Despite the mounting pressure and media say they will continue to go in missions for as long as they are allowed to or until their work becomes no longer necessary. For finally tonight its just not meant to be for me i am allergic to cat hair so there has never been a purring pussy cat prancing around my house but those of you who dont sneeze at the side of a siamese youll be happy to know that today is world cat day a day to recognize your feline friends even though and you know it they really recognize you and why would they they were worshiped as gods in ancient egypt and they have not forgotten or cant you know are known for having 9 lives but in the Palestinian West Bank they are revier for saving human lives miraculous. Moments take a look. For hiba 90 cats arent just pets theyre her life 12 years ago the 25 year old Graphic Designer adopted her 1st stray cat many more have followed since then. She and her mother opened the 1st shelter for stray cats in the Palestinian West Bank 2 years ago her main motivation was protecting the animals. Another mans and that if this was not opened out of the blue it was opened because of the municipalitys policy of poznan kids even resident he also posed in them we have lost so many kids because of this policy as in the arm of. Many stray cats in the streets of iran are malnourished and sick or are infested with parasites when they arrive at the shelter they are treated by a vet vaccinated and neutered. He currently cares for about 50 cats. Feeding them playing with them and keeping the shelter clean is a lot of work and expensive. Pair the mother had the money we spend on the shelter is used only from our own pockets sometimes received donations into port especially from Foreign Countries these donations help us to cover their facilities expense us. But until now unfortunately it hasnt been enough to cover all the issues that we need to spend money on this give you a little hope theyre going in the way. He says she wants to change attitudes toward animals in palestinian society. Her dream is to open a separate shelter for stray dogs and a Veterinary Clinic to care for stray cats. She has a long way to go to achieve that goal but her passion keeps her going. A perfect still the days almost on the cover say she continues online to find us on twitter you can follow me at brant goff t. V. Different if you use a hash tag new day and remember whatever happens between now and then tomorrow is another day well see you then or. Good International Talk show for journalists to discuss the topic. Sentence down those considering the run of the u. S. In the persian gulf continues with each side accusing the other off aggression so can you or a play a role in deep escalating the crisis or is it stuck helplessly on the sidelines find out on puerto rico shortly. Quadriga next. A virtue also with unparalleled talent. The biography that spans continents. A career marked by on usual coincidences. One of the most sought after violinists of our time. Daniel hope. The sound of life in 45 minutes on t w. Robots are still in the development phase. But its going to happen when they grow up will humans and machines be able to peacefully coexist or are we on the verge of a robotic a less. Artificial intelligence is now spreading through our society ai will experts be able to agree on ethical guidelines or will this Technology Create deadly new autonomous weapon systems. Rejoice for robot collapse starts aug 14th on t. W. Alone a very warm welcome indeed to quadriga coming to you from the heart of berlin and this week the focus is on the dangerous standoff between iran and the u. S. In the persian gulf where each side is accusing the other of aggression tension rose in july when irans