Medications are often only tested on men. And women are also underrepresented in most fields of science. Why is that. This time we look at the gender gap welcome to tomorrow today science show on t w. Science aspires to be universal but there are many ways in which social and cultural bias can creep in. 100 researchers and science and Technology Just 28 of the male and the numbers declined among the korea data. Set out to find out more about gender inequality in science. Have you ever wondered what this is or this. Since ive been pregnant ive come across a lot of weird stuff. This barbie scientist doll for example its supposed to help girls explore science and engineering. By constructing a spinning clothes rack and a pink washing machine. Is it really necessary to pink a 5 science to get girls interested in stem why do women still make up less than 30 percent of scientists globally. I want to understand where the gender gap in science comes from there appear to be many reasons. You know the old what do you mean you cant be. Really can you really. Talking to christina a common cliche crops up girls are just not naturally into science and tech. But a recent study showed that a lot of girls actually do love science at least at 1st but then their interest wanes. Why is that. Kristina things that has to do with how science is presented in society as a subject that is really hard and basically suited to man. So when you grew up. Where you grew up the search for knowledge you would eventually not want to pursue science subjects because you were already of the mind that. What christina describes is known as a stereotype threat for example if someone makes you believe youre bad at math you actually will be. Here you are trying to reach your dreams and then somebody else comes in and questions it just because of your gender so now use that thinking so was it a mistake to be born a woman or what am i supposed to do now that im already a woman should age stick at a degree i mean should a tissue to another major should a remains thats so you can it gives you a lot of questions in your mind and you think if youre right. In this way the narrative that men are just better at science than women becomes a selffulfilling prophecy. Does this effect all stem subjects what about i teach for example Deanna Drexel runs a Research Project called fix it fixing ita for women her question why are more men drawn to i t and how can we change that. With enough but i think my opinion inspiring girls to study Computer Science cannot happen by starting the 85000 girl front and saying well do a project and will inspire the girls by taking a pink robot or so i think for india india for life on and on but have you in my opinion its about asking the question what happens in Computer Science that so few girls arrive and so few women. And calm. Lives. For deana what keeps girls and women out of a team is not a lack of interest but in an welcoming environment. For her change will only come if the culture within is addressed. Its a culture that subconsciously depicts men as the norm and women as a deviation from that norm a female scientist. May or may not hold males and why should you call me a female bank it kind of feels like i lost supposed to be a scientist in the 1st place so if you wish to just be called sciences. Creating. Products just for girls wont at vance women in stem because building pink household products teaches me that real science is not for me confirming the very stereotype its set out to dispel instead we need to address girls negative self perception by showing them that women pulled long in science just like men in part 2 well look at some real life wrong models. Some countries have seen more progress in much of latin america as well as russia and Eastern Europe about half of all Stem Research has all women. Western europe the us and many other parts of the world are lagging way behind. Even though more women are entering the sciences and advancing in their professions when it comes to image of a scientist with still stuck in the past. Be honest when you hear the word scientist what kind of person comes to mind someone like this maybe. Or this or this. Notice what they all have in common. Why are there twice as many men as women in science worldwide. As part of my mission to understand the reasons for the gender gap in science ive come to fiber in the southwest of germany. My former University Town has always presented itself as an international and progressive location for science. But after talking to scientists here one thing soon became clear. We are happy or they are going to get back to starting back stairs and. Time but then attention always has the place so when you come up for example for there had been a case some process where your professor says it will go down from 50 percent to the north atlantic percent. So the further you go up the career ladder the fewer women youll find. This widening gender gap has been dubbed the leaky pipeline why is it that more women than men drop out of stem studies. I talked to scientists from different disciplines and countries to find out what made them stay what they all had in common was an especially strong will to succeed and a person in their lives who supported them. If you look at orlandos and if you think about x. What you see are that that reflects on you when maybe another woman dont believe you can go there because there are no i mean you know theyre already there so i think im a woman who would be yes and your positions the more young you know the Younger Generation would think ok ive seen ive seen them theyre out there so i can do a. Study supports sophies theory girls are almost twice as likely to show an interest in stem fields if they have role models there. Its odd but even when i try to think of female role models in stem i have trouble picturing anyone other than marie curie. And yet throughout history there have been countless female scientists whose stories have gone on told by some accounts only half a percent of recorded history dating back 3500 years is devoted to women that doesnt add up havent women always made up 50 percent of the population why are so few of them represented in science. This is top of math not science its never neutral because science is always interlinked as to the. Society and which science is happening and. Science doesnt happen in a vacuum and thats why science is always influenced by what values and norms prevail in our society what things are conceivable unsayable at all. If we travel further back in time a different picture emerges around 90 percent of all figurines made between around 40005000 b. C. In archaeological records women are well represented. In the transition from prehistory to the historical period womens voices and perspectives tended to fade what happened. One theory is that with the expansion of civilization the power balance in society has shifted. In favor of men. They became the ones who wrote the history books meaning women were literally written out. To this day academia and the media largely position men as the experts. A study in the United States found that almost 63 percent of stem representatives in the media were male and only 37 percent female. All male panels seminars and events are so frequent that anything else often feel strange. If i could think and i would i was recently in a review panel and in this panel of different disciplines and different subject areas we were 50 percent women and i asked we all sat down at the round table and at 1st the men felt an almost under represented class and they almost started counting whether they really representative 2 percent as one if it was a completely odd situation because none of us ever felt we were on a committee with such a High Percentage of women who are on time. This anecdote made me realize something important to close the gender gap in science we need to promote gender balance at all levels of society and for this to happen female figures need to find their way back into the spotlight. That applies to science the media and especially the history books. Because if we miss out on the stories of women in the past we risk neglecting them in the future. We asked you on facebook about your experiences with the gender gap in the sciences. Her what he knew from indonesia what matters is the results whether theyre from a man or woman. Rode from mexico says that ironically inequality is the result of personal choice while men choose careers in the Sciences Women really decide in favor of other vs. Diana from out in tinas sees things differently she writes i have a 7 year old daughter t. V. Shows intended for. Girls are all about fashion and baking t. V. Shows for boys are about mechanics were both x. And science its very difficult for girls to maintain an interest in science when Society Keeps pushing them down the pink. The same thing happens to boys in some fields. Thats all your comments. Even machines have picked up on gender bias for example a recruitment tool under development by a Major Tech Company gave top ratings almost exclusively to white men in the algorithm had learned that male candidates were more likely to be hired and so it discarded the womens resumes so much for machine objectivity. And in other fields such as mattson data crunching can also disadvantage women. For years suffered from sudden episodes of chest tightness but felt a lot like a heart attack. Of i had to in a position i was suddenly find myself short of breath it was so bad i felt like i was about to suffocate it felt like i was wearing a corset that was far too tight so that i couldnt breathe the kind of. Sometimes id find myself opening the window in a panic sticking my head out of the window and gasping for breath like this. And it didnt get any better based on over the years i went to a doctor and the emergency room for help the cardiologists tested her for coronary artery conservation a mark of Heart Disease thats common in men as it turned out she had a form of Heart Disease thats far more frequent in women but her doctors didnt test for it that even today cardiology tends to have a male bias harrison was told that her symptoms was psychosomatic. I was finally told quite directly that my problem was in my mind ive been to see a doctor story many times and they didnt find anything so it had to be so. Mattick that was the diagnosis and i wasnt given any help dealing with art that was all for. Dr magick has been battling gender bias in health care for years she says women are more likely to be misdiagnosed or have their diagnosis delayed. Its an ethical question too its not just a question of equality in health care its a question of quality as well of course women in germany and europe and around the world have the right to Quality Health care thats one of the goals of gender medicine. Gender bias is already a factor during medical Training Research on sex based differences in health have been slow to find their way into the medical curriculum. Thats true when it comes to medication to. Most older drugs were only tested on men even today were women are enrolled in clinical studies one reason that cited is that women could become pregnant and the drug could harm the developing fetus even most of the mice used in clinical studies a male its claimed that female mice are subject to hormonal fluctuations that kind of effect our drug works so wouldnt it be better to incorporate both sexes equally in clinical studies. Much excess thats where policy makers need to step in. The end the National Institutes of health in the us is provide a great deal of Research Funding they said that all funded research must include both sexes were still a long long way off from here in germany and found at the university of vienna oliver vats is studying how differences between men and women can affect drug activity his team is one of the few that studied the impact of the sex of the cell lines used in pharmaceutical research. Or research in. Shown that many processes particularly those that relate to implementation on immune function or regulation differently in men and women thats why its really very important to determine which response is the key one in women which is key and then we need to make sure the pharmaceutical substances take those differences into account. Most men have an x. Y. Sex chromosomes pair most women have x. X. Hormonal differences also have an impact women are on average smaller and lighter have more body fat and less muscle mass their metabolism can also operate differently thats why it can take longer for women to metabolize some pharmaceutical substances thats led many to suspect that recommended dosage is often too high for women its known that women are twice as likely to suffer from side effects as men. Thats why researchers say dosage recommendations for drugs should take both sexes into account. After years of unexplained symptoms pariset ended up seeing the back of a cardiologist at a hospital near our home he quickly realized what was going on he routinely carries out a diagnostic test that can identify spasms in the coronary arteries its a form of angina thats more common in women and it often goes under like nosed because doctors are conditioned to search for the forms of Heart Disease that are most common in men. Even though the necessary test isnt difficult only a few hospitals in germany offer it as part of a routine cardiac work up thats one reason why becca founded a center for Womens Heart Health a move that raised eyebrows among some of his colleagues. On hats and the one we found at the Womens Heart Center year and a half ago many of my colleagues were amused. Highly respected senior cardiologist even said that focusing on womens hearts was frivolous. Fallen. Shows that theres still not enough awareness about these issues. Thats despite the fact its long been known that men and women are different when it comes to Heart Disease. Yeah about 80 percent of men who saw the heart attack experience typical symptoms such as acute chest pain thats true with only 60 percent of women. Theyre more likely to have a stomach ache noisier vomiting and extreme fatigue women are more likely to suffer from heart conditions that are not easy to identify using standard diagnostic procedures such as an e. C. G. Or cardiac catheterization. And when they have a heart attack women are about 20 percent more likely to die than men. Prescribe medication for and it worked she no longer experiences the angina episodes as an end of it was a huge relief 1st of all because professor baca was able to tell me this is your diagnosis we can help you and you can live a long and healthy life with this because i finally knew i wasnt crazy all these years i wasnt simply imagining it it was real. Paris i was fortunate but proper medical treatment for women shouldnt just be a matter of luck. And many studies the Reference Model is actually a reference man hes one around 30 years old and weighs around 70 thats the default used to set many standards thermostats in offices and trains are said to mens preferences leaving women out in the cold or cause safety based on male crash test dummies women drivers are nearly 20 percent more likely to die in an accident in some fields at least change is underway. For Police Officers the proper protective gear can spell life or death this bavarian Riot Police Unit needs a lot of protective equipment like bullet proof or ballistic vests before they can. It to buying they spend months testing them today its christina marinas turn as a reason i thought we were 3 of us last time were trying out some new best today will test several different suppliers for functionality and fit. And so what weve done it most we had our measurements taken and the vests were tailored for us individually. Were testing them today to see if they really do fit perfectly for an apostle have perfect us. Personally tailored vests like these arent available in every police force but if the protective garments dont fit well the officers are less likely to wear their. Female officers in particular often struggle with poorly fitting vests. Weve got the outer vests on and well just take a walk to see how they fit look. Ill fitting ballistic tests are dangerous in many ways their design has long overlooked the anatomical differences between men and women but that can be a major safety issue. Has traditionally been money because if you have a larger post you could find does a spot where the best isnt protecting you when you mean fight and cheat if the vest isnt properly fitted to the chest it can shift and potentially create a gap under the arms this gap between the front and back sections of the leaves part of the upper body unprotected. To see if the shoulders and everythings working well so far from to. The womens vests are specially shaped to accommodate their figures. As it would to be ballistic in my plates designed to 50 each womans cops were home so theres no pressure you know exactly to give the chest a bit more space never got such. You shouldnt wear underwire bra right. As i have one on now and i dont have any. Problems with that. Kind of but when it turns out that wearing an underwire bra could be dangerous for Police Officers the impact of a bullet could break the wire and cause it to pierce the skin some Police Forces now advise their female officers not to wear underwire bras all ballistic vest suppliers are also required to offer trauma plates they absorb the impact of any projectiles which helps protect sensitive areas including breasts but these trauma plates arent always supplied. And it folks and if work doesnt provide them then people dont usually buy one for themselves i think what i meant to say to quit especially because we have the level for all my fair lady dicey situations you can go to one such dicey situation is about to be simulated ok blog is heres the drill gun shots have been reported another Mentary School for the reports of mention casualties youre the 1st responders no no sir can stop under strain the assailant ok ok. This is a simulation of a terrorist attack so the officers put on a 2nd heavier vest on top of the best that theyre testing today. Christine and the rena now have 2 vests on one on top of the other and everything still needs to fit correctly Police Officers wear the lighter vests during their normal duty either above their uniform or underneath if theyre going under cover they protect against stabbings and gunshots. Heavy outer vest is to protect them against shots from higher caliber weapons you know i. Wouldnt. And drill a life threatening incident could happen at any time without warning so its better if youve rehearsed it that includes testing the best in case this is the one we pick. As much as anything before they need to be tested in advance and going up and down stairs. Its a good method to understand so he gets really well done margaret you just notice the weight on top from the level 4 vast. Christina and lorraine though will keep the ballistic masts for the next few weeks then theyll be put to the final test in the line of duty. Thats all for this edition of tamara today thanks for watching join us again next week for more science stories good bye and see you soon. Coronavirus summer 20 twentieths following lock downs and working from home people surely want to get outside and travel around thank the tourist industry is waiting for them with bated breath but travel restrictions are still in place and many potential holiday makers are feeling uncertain to plan vacations made in germany. 30 minutes on d w. And unblinking eyes dangers that would overshadow all other oil catastrophes. Over 6000. 00 wrecks suffered during the 2nd world war. Some of them are good with highly toxic crude oil its a race against time because it seems we forgot the little legacy of race. In 75 minutes on d w. Are they friends so you want to be with you should try to steer or would you wish it was literally a bullfight im up in the bush in his new mansion or are they enemies going to do is to finish the job hes still in the building sure wish joe before were finished you should know what hes going to go to give most of my demo boards for i just almost trump them flooding your pollutant were 2 part documentary analyzes the difficult relationship between russia and the west and between their president s how does their. Hundreds of eves in life times. Where i come from raj your remains an important soft transmitting new homes and for mish and when i was young my country was wrong huge confidence. The warm throng of people most people would cause an allrounder to see. It once a month or 2 to in one off the lot of just say so thought everyone in the town who listened to the games. Has been from inside my own car into a monster moores law the law even if its not by us i was its written for. My choice in this card because given their way to transmitted the truth. When it isnt a question how much and i will. Do to. You. This is news and these are our top stories brazilian president jacob also not all says he has tested positive for corona virus he said he had symptoms for covert 1000. 00 including a fever is drawn criticisms for downplaying the threat of the virus. In that it states has formally withdrawn from the World Health Organization making good on u. S. President Donald Trumps threat to pull out over disagreements about the global and demick