And protesters demonstrating what they say i was an Economic Conditions and deteriorating social rights and freedoms in france the protests comes as president among no qualms a Government Faces heavy criticism for trying to push through a new controversy security people. To 6 years and 6000000000 kilometers a japanese space capsule has touched down in these struggling outback with samples from a distant asteroid that could provide clues to the origin of the solar system and life on our planet its roundtrip journey took 6 he. This is the news from berlin you can follow us on twitter and instagram the handle is a day w news or visit our website to be found dot com. Wherever we go there are always with us microbes are everywhere. On our hands before and after we wash them behind our ears. On our little toes on the teeth and yes inside those 2 especially deep in our gut. Today well be talking about our micro biome the countless tiny organisms inside our bodies and in our feces it may not be appetizing but it turns out these organisms have an immense influence on our health. We. Welcome to tomorrow today the science show on d w. The microbes are believed to colonize the human body millions of years ago its been a large income only in symbiosis. The tiny creatures have their habitat and we profit from their activity they keep us healthy. And there are a huge number of. Its said that out human cells put together would take up the space of half a leg the rest is microorganisms that make up our social microbe by. As a baby is born it encounters a whole lot of bacteria probably for the very 1st time in the birth canal or comes in contact with virginal and got bacteria from its mother which then colonize the baby. They form a kind of protective shield and. Laid the groundwork for the development of the babys own immune system. To verify when were born our immune system is not yet fully formed and asked to learn over time to recognize disease cancer pathogens its atoms viruses and bacteria and fight them out there where it got aykroyd biota plays an important part in this maturation process so that we can eventually recognized pathogens and attack them on a. Biomedical research or stephanie going out on our book Burn University hospital studies the impact of a mothers microbiota on the immune system of her child. In one investigation she demonstrated that what a mother eats during pregnancy impacts the fetus that is her child before its born. d d signals from the mothers micro biota reach the fetus bio the placenta. Influence the development of its immune system. d and with the divorce then there is but one should choose ones feet wisely was definitely not a victim and a balanced diet and plenty of her writing think twice before eating that piece of chocolate or candy perhaps you can do without it so eat normally but stop and think about what you eat when you eat and how much you eat invasion make an f. A young childs diet also has a big influence on its immune system the researcher is now investigating the development of childrens micro biota during the 1st few years of their lives she visits her test subjects to take samples. First where they were met if i was finn we want to find out how the baby less micro biome develops right after birth and over the course of the next 2 years were especially interested in the role of breast. Well. Whether it has any long term influence on the Childs Health and its susceptibility to certain diseases unfenced had to skin this. The mother provides a sample of her milk. Marburg swabs the babys arm to collect bacteria living on the skin. And takes a sample of feces from a diaper so she can identify the gut micro biota. From the planning. The end their own from kingdon else the childs diet in the 1st few years is crucial that we know that what we eat influences our intestinal flora we now know that we got flora develops over the 1st 2 or 3 years of life i was we also now know that during that period we could shape and change that micro biome. That can affect the long term composition of the micro biome and the health of the child because later in a childs life we no longer have the capacity to influence or not. The scientist says breast milk is the best option to feed a baby for the 1st few months but mothers who dont breastfeed their babies should also benefit from her research left to go home once i know that the 1st invasion back to we need to determine which bacteria beneficial in early life and then develop ways to administer them to babies the time breast fed is probiotics corbie or to come garbage on the side condiment one can also imagine improving the formula for bottle feeding. This Research Still has a long way to go but its already clear that the tiny bacteria in and on our bodies play an outsized role in our health from the very start. And thats the challenge to research this because every human being has the only personal collection of microbes your micro biome is unique to you just like a. Fingerprint. We are not alone each one of us is home to a vast population of other beings microbes in an imaginable numbers we host more microbes than we have cells 39 trillion at last count. Mainly bacteria but also fungal viruses and archaea representing thousands of different species together they sustain a complex ecosystem its like a jungle in there and each persons jungle is custom made the trick is the mix it has to be just right within a family the members personal jungles look quite similar because microbes are always zipping back and forth. The variety of species is greatest in the gastro intestinal tract if everything is ok we get along with our god to micro biota extremely well we need them and they need us. Some help with digestion others produce vitamins for our benefit. They conspire to neutralize pathogens and keep us healthy. But thats not all they also influence our brain and our mood they are absolutely indispensable we wouldnt be what we are without them in an average sized adult they way into the whole kilograms. One of the studies on purchase of bathing in is micro biome research. Scott kelly is an astronaut who has an identical twin brother studies that carried out on him and his brother to see how the micro biome responds to differing outside influences and what could be more different than living in space so scott flew to the International Space station his twin brother stayed on earth a subsequent comparison of the 2 micro biome showed the ratio of some microbes had shifted slightly but the diversity remained the same but the micro biome is not the only interesting fact here in riyadh or from ghana wanted to know why some pregnancies result in twins. Twins are 2 children of the same mother and father who were born in short succession at the end of the same pregnancy. There are 2 kinds of twin categorized by how they are conceived monozygotic dies i gotta. Go to communes that one egg is fertilized by one sperm but divides into 2 embryos early on. While developing in the uterus they share the same placenta. The resulting twins are genetically almost identical that are same sex and look very very similar. Their fingerprints are a bit different however. I can have different moles or birth marks on their skin. Twins are the result of 2 separate acts maturing at the same time and being fertilized by 2 separate sperm each embryo here has its own placenta. These twins are genetically different and dont have to be the same sex theyre just regular siblings who happened to be born about the same time at the end of one pregnancy. One in 40 births fields twins about a 3rd of the twins a monozygotic and 2 thirds of times i got sick fertility treatments make multiple thats more common with assisted Reproductive Technology multiple births often result from the transfer of more than one embryo. Some cultures used to think twins were frightening or unnatural nazi doctors abused twins for cruel experiments. Nowadays prejudices are less widespread if anything twins are considered fascinating. Stop playing with each other in the womb and often brain close throughout their lives theres nothing unnatural about 20 even if they are pretty special. Incidentally the number of stars that scott kelly could see from the i. S. A. s was smaller than the number of microorganisms in his body. Digestive tracts contain more microbes than there are stars in the milky way. Look having spent one year in space his micro biome may have changed slightly because of the diets of freeze dried food consumed astronauts what we eat directly affects the composition of microorganisms in our intestine. Without body draws from the food is determined by millions of nerve cells in the intestine this socalled brain in the guts can even effect our mood and thinking if the walls of our intestines were smooth on the inside they would have a surface area of just one square meter but millions of finger like projections called vinaya increase the surface area for absorbing nutrients intestinal flora play a vital role in our digestion then made up of billions of bacteria and fungus that can weigh up to 2 kilograms all together they train our Defense Systems over 70 percent of the bodys immune cells are located in the gut so we need them any deficiency can lead to chronic intestinal disease. If worst comes to worst a stool transplant may be the only remedy its a procedure that gastroenterologist steffen valve recurve performs very rarely its not very appetising and it can be risky for the patient. Its definitely not one of my favorite procedures it stinks and its unpleasant as youll see its something i do with only very few patients. But also. A fecal microbiology transplant as its also called is usually done only when other Therapeutic Options have failed the procedure itself is straightforward dr vereker takes feces from a healthy donor and say one solution and purees the mixture with a hand blender. Now its ready to be administered. d we 1st have to screen our donors very carefully to find out whether they have hepatitis b. C. A or other relevant diseases they need to be ruled out before we can accept any stool and use it for transplantation. The diluted stool preparation contains a wide range of gut bacteria from a healthy individual they are the key to restoring the patients intestinal flora. Ready ready ready that recurred delivers the fecal matter via colonoscopy. That part of the procedure is simple and in most cases the patient will be restored to health within days. d d micro biota transplants are very high success rate with a positive effect and up to 96 percent of patients. And were talking about people who are suffering from a severe inflammation of the colon and have been through countless treatments with antibiotics. Only for to return later. And then suddenly theyre healed its very impressive. Stored transplants are only recommended as a treatment for choli associated with the clostridium difficile e infection although there is some evidence that it can help with other inflammatory conditions. Also i see that. There is a risk of transferring diseases so id be very reluctant to transplant feces for any old problem it does make sense with this specific disease pseudo membrane is colossus and it has a high success rate but for other conditions i would not use it indiscriminately. Gut bacteria are shaking up medical science their role in health and disease is the subject of intense research. And pharma by a start up in Zurich SwitzerlandThomas Developers and his team are developing an alternative to fecal transplants they use mixtures of intestinal bacteria to produce targeted therapies for a number of different diseases. Effect we want to package the kind of effect seen and fecal transplants into medication to scale it up so it can be manufactured to ensure its safe the aim is to give each patient the mixture that will help them the most. Ready specific kinds of bacteria are extracted from human feces ready. This has to be done in an aerobic chamber because most gut bacteria can survive when exposed to oxygen. These microbes can then be cultivated and eventually put together in various combinations to recreate healthy gut flora. But 1st the various species require a lot of care if they are to flourish. The biggest headache is that the different bacteria need very different nutrients weve therefore developed a huge range of different growth media in order to cover the disparate needs of the bacteria and then be able to cultivate them individually so its cool to hear. Ready the team studies the bio chemical roles played by different strains of bacteria in the in testing ready ready. They have developed a mixture of nearly a dozen strains that carry out the basic processes of the intestinal ecosystem a kind of minimal intestinal flora. They are also working on targeting specific diseases. From the 1st we want to look at chronic inflammatory bowel disease is because theyve had the most research where weve seen the most progress but were also interested in secondary indications related to cancer. In recent years weve seen that the got micro biome has a really big influence on the success of cancer therapies. It sounds very promising packing cultured intestinal flora into pills for patients to pop. Even when we have a cut our micro biome plays a role in healing you just watch how well our body fixes itself with the help of microbes in the skin within hours the bleeding stops thanks to platelets and the protein fiber and that seals the wound through closing. Then macrophages eliminate dead cells and germs. New cells begin to form inside the womb and. Then finally in cells at the edge of the car to form new skin or risk of. A healthy micro biome promotes wound healing and a healthy micro biome develops under the influence of the diet. Itself and said you are what you eat so a very diet is good for intestinal bacteria because they are themselves diverse in nature and require various nutrients. We should keep that in mind when we choose the food we eat many food trends and diets supposedly designed to keep us britain slim have turned out not to be so great after all fat for example was long thought to be unhealthy but is that true. To butter cheese and cream fatty foods are said to make you sick and overweight prompting many people to turn to socalled diet for royalties. But are such fears well founded. Back in 1948 researchers in the us set out to tackle the leading cause of death in the country heart attacks they recruited on initial 5000 adult subjects from the town of framing arm for. What would be the longest running multigenerational study in medical history. 9 years later the researchers published their 1st results the primary causes of heart attacks were high Blood Pressure smoking and excess weight. And one major factor behind that weight gain was immediately apparent to the researchers americans eat on healthy food and to much of us. The subsequent war on fox was declared in other countries to west germany was also seeing a growing number of people dying from heart attacks the perils of fast foods was a story quickly picked up by the media on the food industry. To this nation. In the us the low fat issue became an affair of state in 1980 a senator George Mcgovern launched a program of National Diet reform for the 1st time ever the authorities issued guidelines for healthier food habits what to eat and what not to. Not long afterwards craze was unleashed on the world as people went to new extremes to fight the flop. I hope this will help me to get my fat cells under control. But despite all the low fat foods and high intensity workouts the average ways of people to west germany on the United States just kept on rising during the 1970 s. Meanwhile the notion that fat makes you fat he came to consensus view with the American Heart Association awarding a label of approval to low fat products. But dr Robert Atkins beg to differ peeper most of the fatty diet as opposed to one filled with low fat products which were often high in sugar. And it has steak and eggs and lobster and its so easy to stay on. As the new millennium dawned the benefit of low fat foods came under growing scrutiny. We have a weight problem i thought id try out diet products but they didnt help at school. In 2001 britains highly respected cochrane institution took a new look at previous studies on low fat diets that Research Revealed only a minimal benefit in terms of life expectancy. 5 years later the definitive proof arrived. At the study involving almost 50000. 00 women showed no noteworthy reduction in heart attacks and strokes among the 50 percent eating low fat foods. So after decades of Marketing Campaigns fashion in general was no longer public enemy number one. The war shifted to one of bad fats versus good fats such as those and vegetable oil. New guidelines in the u. S. Not only warn consumers about saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. But further studies have since shown that the cholesterol we get from food has a negligible effect on our blood cholesterol like the one our bodies produce. So for decades weve been told to maintain a low fat diet only to be subsequently told that in fact the research had never found any proof of the benefits. But supermarket shelves are still full of socalled diet products and when even the manufacturer is running out of scientific arguments theyve resorted to a more lighthearted approach even if still like some substance. Certain foods enjoy a reputation as bring is of health og an oil hemp and linseed oil are talented as super feeds as cranberries hazelnuts and pure very similar to. Broccoli contains business and minerals and substances that could help control blood sugar levels or even protect against cancer green tea is also said to be very beneficial to health but is that really the case. Green tea has a medicinal effect thats true thats because of the active ingredient epi gallo caddick and gallic the g. C. G. Its a type of cataca a natural oxidant that protects organs from damage. In traditional chinese medicine green tea is considered effective in preventing a range of diseases. And the effects of green tea have been scientifically proven. Thats true to over the last 10 years basic research into has delivered highly promising results. There are hundreds of International Studies on green and the research continues. But researchers dont always get the funding they need big pharma intends to expect profits when they invest in studies. So can green tea help prevent Alzheimers Parkinsons cancer multiple sclerosis and other serious diseases. Yes and no there is currently no medicinal product based on clean teeth that counters those conditions it takes years to translate the results of research into safe medication and a process that also includes clinical tests with actual patients. The biggest challenge is administering e. G. C. G. And sufficiently high doses while ensuring that it reaches those parts of the body where its needed in the brain for example. Drinking ranty can make sick people healthy. Is that really the case well only if you believe reports by individual patients on an improvement in their symptoms. Some drink substantial amounts of green tea. Over a long period of time while others took the active ingredient in pill form. But council these effects are not scientifically proven. So the more green tea you drink the better. Thats relative. You can drink too much up to one and a half leaders a day is considered find but it needs to be of the caffeine free variety otherwise you might find it hard to fall asleep. The problem is read write obert write a movie maybe if you have a science question thats bothering you send it in as a video text ovoid smile. If we answer it on the show youll get a little surprise as a thank you. Come on just ask. For more science stories check out our website d. W. Dot com slash science or look for us on twitter. Thats all for this edition of tomorrow today thanks for joining us. Well be back next week and so when a healthy balance day curious. Pastore. In spite of. His close relatives are allowed to visit their loved ones are pastors more important now than ever. They provide support and shimon connection despite the protective suit and sometimes to the ones who keep the accounts of the family. To monte w. It looks like a money. But its really the work of. The want the 11 year old painter just like the great master himself. And donates the money she raises with her painting to a good cause. With Great Success as. The world ends. In 60 minutes on d w. Whats the secret behind this classic. Visit to sam. As soon as you hear they told him to lose your mind. Or the story behind the music was a hit for the ages british. Bhagat it is odd the end beethovens 9th symphony for the more it starts to simmer down on g. W. The spring of 2020 as cases of covert 19 increase in germany so do the number of patients in i. C. U. Use and isolation wards relatives and chaplains are prevented from busy