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The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has issued rules requiring that certain communications service providers implement the STIR/SHAKEN call authentication framework and other robocall mitigation practices. These rules require significant changes to be made in service provider networks and end user practices by June 2021 in most cases. This guidance is meant to help communications providers determine what their obligations are under the rules.
STIR/SHAKEN is an industry-developed framework designed to allow communications service providers to distinguish legitimate calls from illegally spoofed calls so that they can take steps to mitigate the illegal calls. STIR/SHAKEN utilizes an encrypted authentication and verification process that establishes a chain of trust between the calling party and the called party. Specifically, the originating carrier (or the earliest carrier in a call chain with authority) is responsible for authenticating calls by “signing” them with an encrypted digital signature and one of three attestations for the callers’ identity: (i) A (or “full”) attestation means the provider can confirm the identity of the caller and the legitimate use of the calling number; (ii) B (or “partial”) attestation means the provider can confirm the identity of the caller but not the telephone number; and (iii) C (or “gateway”) attestations means the provider is the point of entry to the IP network for a call that originated elsewhere, such as a call that originated abroad or on a domestic network that is not STIR/SHAKEN-enabled. When the terminating provider receives a call for delivery to an end user, it is responsible for verifying the call using a verification service and for determining how to treat the call, such as by allowing trusted calls to pass to the called party, showing the called party a warning that the call may be illegitimate, or blocking the call if the provider believes the call is illegal. STIR/SHAKEN only works on Internet protocol (IP) networks.