The Prime Minister or we had a look liverpool was in the military commander for the Central Scotland he wasnt responsible for the order to fire but he was culpable than indeed took the blame according to the lord of the group but he obviously recall him to greater things and became the Prime Minister and they keep trying to hear out speaks to him about his newly released volume on scotlands radical history this deals with the p. D. From the french revolution to the radical rising of 820. 00. Kind of cast the welcome back to the Alex Salmonds youll know clearly it will have some advantages to all this book writing them in the they help you with material as well just season 4 here your 1st speeches and the house of commons what was the massacre of turn in it in your constituency it was a military atrocity that became a state covered up it was anti militia riots that took place all over scotland and 7 197. 00 people objected to conscription being brought in as the army out acquired soldiers for the polio on wards and also to quiet soldiers for as they put it internal tranquillity which was a euphemism for replacing the people who had been inspired by the french revolution some 12 people were killed as an army frankly run amok in my small constituency in the link that i was happy to point to my maiden speech was that the military commander than 1797 was that all of liverpool who became the Prime Minister and ironically as i conclude my boot was Prime Minister at the time of the 820 rising who oversaw the hanging and then the beheading of be a target in wilson scottish martyrs or some of our scottish an onslaught of who was also the target of the cattle street conspiracy at that time but you know most members of Parliament Making the 1st speech in the house of commons the latakia but the dream is wirelessly the lovely countryside the dhoti people of the constituency look many people to the fair to repression and massacres well part of this is trying to court the radical memory in what is a sport perhaps inspired me for the book because it became quite clear that after the 820 writing there was a concerted effort by this stablish mint to the Court History as they saw it because after all all history is recorded to some extent by the victors and scotland hasnt been afford an invading army its been a lot and ladies and the radicals saw streets going down into the one of those to frederick to Princes Street or whatever. They saw statues to wellington to nelson and to others the lords and ladies the desperate henry didnt last and that was an enemy the some advantages also having a. Regnum between your period just to set to disco on the member of the Scottish Parliament and newly elected as a member of the westminster pub youve written 7 booths all of which of a constant theme in scotland radical history of boulder fee of jimmy reed and no this latest book is scotlands radical history between the pulled on it wars and the 820. 00 rising which youve just why did you choose that period fielitz but glasgow 1900 boot was inspired partly by those who conspired jim you didnt the writer for a client say but do not you said she became quite clear scotland radical roots went far beyond the way back youre working your way but back to 17 ninetys into thomas viewed it became quite clear that thomas butin speired those who fought and rose in 820 thomas moore was the the radical of the early seventys ninetys who famously was transported to to a still you became the the worlds most wanted man as he was hunted voted the globe by the british ended up in revolutionary france was plotting an invasion of scotland another radical rising one unfortunately he died a very calamitous heroic figure and of course as you point to the would be will quote rabbit waverley station in edinburgh is a monument you cant mess and cant cemetery that is published it was about thomas meudon the other scottish martyrs ironically 3 of the 5 of whom were english i think a lot of People Scotland dont realise that we fought together albeit distinctively and scotland but Thomas Muellers obl asc and i think that she was partly why ive written this book because i read an article from stiliyan academic that pointed out the difficulties in even picking that mark memorial up because after 821. All these statues to lords and ladies in the greater good of the budgeting British Empire were going up there was a desire to record the radical past that was being written out so they decided to try and put the obvious can top of cotton hill in edinburgh that would be invisible to all and sundry in the tory council objected the boat lined a cult and cemetery and some of the tories litigated because they thought this would disturb the peace of the dead including obviously humans mausoleum thats within the same cemetery but they were overcome that and thats why it was unveiled in the early forties to show that there was a different history to the statues to the lords and ladies but that 70 itself and occasional up to scotlands because of not bob but within yards of the mule and the other friends of the people those david humes muslim as you rightly say to be youd have to display david hume one of the fathers of the enlightenment as the as the radical in the sense that he wanted to see uprisings are against the established authority well i dont think its either or i think its both i think its right that we should have statues as well as the most ileum to david hume but i also think we should record radical poster in the radical memory and sadly Scottish History has tended to focus upon some of the romantic aspects of bonnie prince charlie and maybe queen of scots and its not focused on those that were driving forward the history of a better scotland because after the 820 those who ran executed but youd been transported to came by and the evil revered infected by the chartists. In the fledgling Labor Movement marx tobias included have been used in each in 20 rising of scotland feet on a desert that followed on to the red clay inside us thats why as i was saying eliot the radical roots of scotland dont just go back through jimmy reed to replace 8 they go back to thomas moore and to that time when the french revolution ignited the working people of scotland you saw for the 1st time that there was another we that it was just a Promised Land and havent that there could be a different we here and there. How do you reconcile the figures of the latent many of whom like Adam Smith David Hume came from humble upbringing but the patronage of the of the establishment of the lords and ladies often doesnt happen in the the working class radical that the skilled tradesmen who have the the cabin often supported of course by the radical lawyers like yourself d is that the latent scotland fitted in the great figures many of whom came from very humble origins or they did then they continued to come through the even through the British Empire people who wait to broaden it works came from very humble backgrounds but i think what we saw as we moved out of the enlightenment in the 18th century we saw the beginnings of the rise of the Industrial Age and thats why Manufacturing Processes were coming in more perhaps in england in mind chest in london than in scotland but the weaving industry was taking off and it was changing and long before the the miners became the backbone of the scottish Labor Movement it was the weavers they were after zines they didnt consider themselves as perhaps as what king men but they were educated they were literate these were people who saw that the french revolution offered a different way so they were of the working class made good they didnt have the patronage of the lords and ladies and indeed they wanted to challenge them so i think that history runs in palo the problem scotland is weve tended to ignore them and concentrate on the lords and ladies but the very few people know. I would think would had we been dust the toting figure of. The Prime Ministership of that the younger run scotland for put the younger was the last westminster politician to be preached in the bentley or mafia source in the levy he was accused of but the then people would regard their history. As the be all and end all but a lot of people would argue the terms of impact on human. The latent figures for more than the working class for girls like lakeview b. Of them hard defeated 20 as their legacy really hard that sort of that you could claim for adam smith from the wealth of nations or the moral philosophy of the would you or i think recording the light. Is necessary and vital i dont necessarily think that henry didnt dast of king having he was a despotic figure and indeed i think his contribution to the British Empire was shameful in many ways given that people spawned action being taken against slavery he basically ran scotland as a despot he was in control of Something Like 410 to 43 tory m. P. s at one stamen in scotland he ran it as an oligarchy on behalf of lots sometimes i look at the names of the rich landlords that he represented and i look at the house of lords d and they want to ship of land in scotland and i wonder whats changed after all these years so i think that in a different category than i would for example you know Adam Smith David Hume and its the people that challenge them dice that need to be recalled and thats why the bicentenary of the 820 rising when the dass were taken on is so important because didnt dast and his nephew the lord advocate also so i dont bash robert and asked were shameful going back to the massacre to meant you need to state archives they knew it was a military trial city they covered it up the only person to be prosecuted worked in fact a magazine that ran a letter from one of the victims would do it or would do or who told 4 top and and they were sued for defamation but one of the military. Officers involved so they knew what had happened they covered it up and that was why they were building got a sense all across Central Scotland because they knew that the people of scotland didnt as we do see in terms of hornblower and chopped if you francis the enemy the and 7. 94 as with thomas moore saw france as an opportunity for walking people ordinary people to control their own late in destiny but would it be the case that people like the 820 models they were appealing to working class people across britain as they put it in the proclamation case that we were actually looking perhaps as the labor party has done looking for for a change across these islands as opposed to seeing scotland as a distinct entity i think its both i mean scotland was a distinct entity scotland was a different country different laws different chuch even the language were significantly different people were all spoke english and who lived in their own world because transport and mass media hadnt come along but said what they were fighting for was universal franchise which was based at westminster because lets remember that the franchise in the seventys ninetys in scotland was available to 4000 people it was reckoned that half of them were fictitious and this was a country that had a population approaching 2000000 this wasnt a democracy it was an oligarchy of landlords or graeme story of the lection the. Fantastic story of the constituency then as you move the drug to scotland busa butte ross and cromarty which extended dont the east coast of scotland where there was an election and the election was to take place in ross in the isle of bute because of bad weather there was only one candidate on the island and he tom dont not only to be the only candidate but the only voter and without any sense of shame of irony he normally to themself he then 2nd himself in a different capacity being a local body he voted for himself he then had themselves declared the winner by the sheriff and off he went to west minister that was democracy in the 1790s i think probably what will see today is his silence and has a lot of probably sitting in the house of lords there with that school thank you very much thank you. Collins radical history could fill my. Any volumes and by the saying of it can be macaskill may yet contribute a few more join us after the break we bring the story of politics a bad cold into buying up to date will see that. These policymakers are grown accustomed to the idea that every single problem can be solved with money fronting why cant we solve the coronavirus of money printing the market now is starting to scratch just had a little bit and saying wait a minute thats insane so therefore valuations look like theyre going to be marked down already in correction territory on these markets down 10 percent are going to have to bear market valuations down 20 percent probably i think the likelihood is extremely high 50 to 60 percent drop thats probably a 10 to 20 percent probability. So what weve got to do is identify the threats that we have its crazy. Let it be an arms race is on all fronts very dramatic developments only personally im going to resist i dont see how that strategy will be successful very critical time to sit down and talk. Welcome back. Often name p. K. Mccaskill has released a bit on scotlands radical political history but to other radicals not in scottish politics be winning or lose than alex jones to someone who is both a libra kind sir and then and i simply am p. Economist and called mr george ketchup and. Just get over it and follow the lead of this love for law school its national be associated with love a lot of left of center left leaning groups through the last generation of scottish politics what do you think of the scandal macaskill thesis of the us or radical thread running through scottish politics over the last couple of centuries who alex and thanks for having me back and yes you remind me you and i have been through a few organizations together on the radical left candidate can recast is doing as a Great Service i dont know where he finds the time but hes churning out of these books and what hes doing hes recovered a whole a whole red line of history radical history its called and go way back several 100 years a line that right down to the present day did can you just been elected to westminster from from radical islam then i hope you still find the time to go on writing so thats our various titles through the the last couple 100 years that radical forces of coalesced behave in the either a Movement Like the flames of the people or the 820. 00 rising out a Political Party in the 20th century like the independent label party of no the the s. And p. How credible is that an argument i think when theres a kind of religious tradition its called began socially and in religious communities where people may every week and they discuss the bible and they discuss that because the Old Testament where the kings of israel were held to account if they didnt to do right by the people and by morality and i think that that tradition. Is deeply butin in Scottish History and even more than it is looking more days the revival of nationalism in scotland and a radical left in scotland actually began in the 1960 s. It began with the the Folk Music Movement and people marching against against Nuclear Missiles were in the client and recovering their old. Theyre old folk songs and putting new lyrics on to them and that then morphed into opposition to the then parables labor government and that led to the occupation at a quite shipbuilders and in opposition in 1000 seventies to the return of mass unemployment or all of this traditionally was from below and its quite often the case is the politicians who have to react to the people rather than the other way around and the healthiest movements and parties but not the most powerful person live money is to unite the Labor Movement with the National Question has that been the the secret of various statements different parties different forces coming to preeminence as scholars politics we just had a general election and in scotland the left party its gained Something Like 2 thirds of the popular vote in the rest of europe the left wing parties collectively in any election are lucky if they get up to 45 percent so theres a deep movement and once what i think puts called ahead of the game rest of europe is the combination of a revulsion at her stare t. Combined with a desire for our independence for scotland to take back its ancient rate of of selfdetermination so youre absolutely right when the 2 come together has caused to say not only that theyre morally outraged but you want to do something about it by taking back control to current point of phrase and run their own affairs then politics becomes polluted north of the border but what about the other scotland in the in the times that kerry mccaskills writing about the napoleonic period the time robert burns of course was the great radical people spoil it for the 820. 00 a rising theres another scotland the scotland who are firmly attached to the the state of the United Kingdom for firmly in charge there has to be said of scotland and even the present the 2nd party of scotland is no longer the labor. But the conservative party were foremost a quarter of the vote there is a another scholar who likes to equate can tell with the state of the later kingdom and its nature of its politics even with blake certain barely examples hopelessly radical forces of the National Movement reach out to that scotland of the beyond the pale well when the great turke radical poor human dermod. One of the founders of the s. N. P. And he used to talk about used to write about this these these 2 halves of the scottish psyche that we are we are radicals on the one hand when we act collectively have some more outrage as individuals we can be quite doer and conservative and when we dont see a way forward we tend to get very very candid inward looking and that leads to conservative politics i think some of also goes back to the fact that when when when when the act of Union Happened 7 of 7 when scotland joint joined in with the rest of you key rather against its will part of the deal was that much of scouting was left in the hands of a very narrow conservative establishment and whenever they get in control they tend to support the status quo so look back to as recently as 1955 general asian majority a majority of scots voted tory which you would think unusual from todays perspective but that usually reflects a p. D. Of questions when when one individual scots are demoralized dont know where to go politically and then they suddenly they wake up and they get angry there are these 2 schools but what always dominates in the end is this really is radical sense of fairness and Justice Social justice and that always triumphs i think in the end but how could tell the what i have struggles of radical politics in scotland with the electoral preeminence of the s. N. P. Are they quit happy with that or are some people walking for stronger policies in terms of the radical position theres a beautiful street. I mean ive heard most people talk about you know looking back to the 1920 s. Where after the great light side which Kenny Macaskill wrote about very very eloquently the independent labor party 0 pm piece and elected on the back of the Great Movement and read it after the 1st world war and when they way down to westminster when they distanced juice themselves to making speeches they made a nuisance of themselves they were raged they were stuck in a chamber that was unwilling to do anything about mass unemployment and mass hunger is a feeling up here that now today its called and that maybe maybe the maybe the kind of anger that the the red clay site has showed that we need that anger back again in the in the chambers both at holyrood in westminster both degreed in politics feminism in that these forces part of this great radical coalition and thats the arc of that great radical caution hold together i think the coalition has to hang together as a hang separately to remember an old phrase there are new forces in play and i i was out of a Master Assembly the other week called by an Organization Called all the one banner which is the organization has been organizing the mass demonstrations that weve seen in scotland over the last. 18 months the biggest demonstrations i have seen in my lifetime calling for independence and that the this this assembly which had delegates from all across colton there was a lot of talk about what how we need to bring together the movement against Climate Change with the movement for independence because weve got one weve only got one nation we want to go one earth and only people are going to look after scotlands environment are the scots and selves and for that they need to have independence so theres a very clear understanding in the movement that it has to be asked to act together and theres lots of discussion going on at the moment that maybe the time has come for the different organizations in the movement or under one banner well. The Independence Foundation and all the all the local yes groups which are no very prominent theres a hunger and feeling that they need to come together in some way and organize themselves separately from the elected politicians in the various chambers and we need to move beyond talk to action where you make the point about these great huge demonstrations taking place in scotland but often leave this in to be taken place not with the sanction of the s. N. P. Leadership of many in the s. N. P. Leadership or some at least a little bit lelie of these demonstrations are not quite sure if its the right thing to do as strongly example of a Grassroots Movement up rising as it were with the big out of your eyes by a fishel leadership is that a good thing or a bad thing. Well its a good thing in the sense that nobody is you know nobody is sitting in front of the telly waiting for some elected member and im allowed to post in to tell them what to do the ordinary working class courts are getting out there not just you know once a year but theyre getting out there month after month after month demonstrating last year we had a whole bunch demonstration in 200000 people marching flags waving through red next big demonstration is in april in our booth. Commemorating the declaration of arbroath which is really the kind of written foundation of scotlands demand for nationhood on the basis the april the 6th declaration of theft and 20 the declaration of arbroath some people argue is the the fostered none see ation of the the concept of popular sovereignty of scottish days but the the right of the community of the realm to take action you positively confident that the community of the realm of scotland is going to find its way forward well and to go back to that very very incidents you know go to impact into 13 to. Anti i mean the declaration of our both as it was written by by the barons by the norman barons but the whole initial Scottish Independence movement was a veritable prison uprising it was political it was from below just the the big barons took advantage of it so the scores were burnt 2 of them have been you know have been a people who are certain from below their right to be a nation were still fighting and i think will go on fighting until that nation is reestablished hopefully soon but my old shooter professor geoffrey bottle told me once a long time ago that the key phrase of the declaration is the community of the elves a good job scalable is the community of the wrestling with scotland you think its an fight and settle to progress is because you know you are what were all for our knees and were fighting yes hope to see everyone watching our breath thank you it was george when one thinks of the history of radical scotland one thinks of their braveheart tales of prison wallace done to the bad quite seders of the 1920 s. And thirtys Kenny Macaskill argues that there is a thread running through Scottish History and the history of radicalism and scottish nationalism i deeply intertwined from the friends of the people to the early Labor Movement in scotland all had home rule at the top of their masjid and i scotlands modern swing to radicalism faces the equally triumphant english populism of polish johnson and the brick city or however with the s. N. P. Now electorally dominant over the country i todays radical forces fully comfortable under that independence banner where are they restless for more radical approach and what are the other scotland the one which is do this im conservative could some of their still substantial numbers except Scottish Independence but few politics of the left in the ability to reconcile these forces lies a feature of the nation. Next week we tell the story of a marketable journalist too short to fade 20 years ago when she was captured by the taliban alex speaks to one with glee and finds out what shes doing but for now from out its myself and all of the show is good bye i mean hope to see you then. Still seems wrong. Why dont we just dont all. Get to shape out just days after. And in detroit because the trail. When so many find themselves worlds apart we choose to look for common ground. Thousands of american men and women she was just seen of in their countrys military. Lives every thing came to a complete. The day that i was raped. You know told a short while to kill me and i see how it destroyed my life any screamed at me and he made me come in and you grab my own arm and you write me. If you take into account that women dont report because of the extreme retaliation and its probably somewhere near about half a 1000000 women have now been sexually assaulted in the us military rape is a very very traumatizing thing tat happen but ive never seen trauma like ive seen from women who are veterans who have suffered military sexual trauma reporting rape is more likely to get the victim punished from the offender and almost 10 year career or chose very invested in and i give a sex offender who was not even put to justice or put on the registry this is simply an issue of tower and violence male sexual predators for the large part of target whoever is there to prey upon whether thats a man or woman. Crisis talks get underway and most of the leaders of russia and turkey look to dial down the violence in syria shot said. The 30 infighting that has not only brought the 2 powers militarys to the brink of direct confrontation its also for the role of the turkish parliament. Claims weak forces opened fire on refugees that shed border leading to the death of a man recent strongly denies the allegations and rests increasing off to allow to try and force them to the e. U. And the new front runner in the u. S. Democrats raised to 10